Scientific Data Documentation
Master Area Reference File 2 (1980)
*SEE AREA REFERENCE FILE 2 DATASET NAMES FOR DSNs.
ABSTRACT
Summary
The Master Area Reference File (MARF) is the 1980 census counterpart of the
Master Enumeration District List (MEDList) prepared for the 1970 census. It
links State or State equivalent, county or county equivalent, minor civil
division (MCD)/census county division (CCD), and place names with their
respective geographic codes. It is also an abbreviated summary file
containing selected population and housing unit counts.
The second version of MARF (MARF 2) has the same geographic coverage as the
first MARF and includes the following additional information: FIPS place
codes, latitude, and longitude coordinates for geographic areas down to the
BG/ED level, land area in square miles for geographic areas down to the
level of places or minor civil divisions (11 selected States) with a
population of 2,500 or more, total population and housing count estimates
based on sample returns, and per capita income for all geographic areas
included in the file.
Like the first version of MARF, MARF 2 will be available on a State-by-State
basis.
MARF 2 contains numeric codes and names for census geographic areas plus
100-percent and sample data for selected population and housing items. The
file provides 100-percent counts for the total population, 5 race groups
(White, Black, American Indian/Eskimo/Aleut, Asian and Pacific Islander, Other
races), persons of Spanish origin, families, persons in group quarters, one-
person households, and total, occupied, and owner-occupied housing units.
In addition, total population and housing unit estimates and per capita
income based on 1980 census sample returns are included. Latitude and
longitude coordinates are given for the approximate population centroid of
each geographic area down to the level of block group (BG) and enumeration
district (ED). Land area in square miles is provided for geographic areas
down to the level of places and minor civil divisions (MCDs) (in 11 selected
States) with a population of 2,500 or more.
Acknowledgments
This documentation was prepared within the Data Access and Use Staff, under
the direction of James P. Curry, Chief, and Barbar J. Aldrich, Chief of its
Technical Information Section. Lawrence Hugg and Annette Ralston were the
coordinators for this file assisted by Mary Ann Mandley and Joann Sutton.
Support was provided through content review by staff members from Decennial
Planning Division, Geography Division, Housing Division, Population
Division, and Statistical Methods Division.
The file should be cited as follows:
Census of Population and Housing 1980: Master Area Reference File
(MARF) 2 machines-readable data file / prepared by the Bureau of the
Census. --Washington: The Bureau producer and distributor , 1983.
This technical documentation should be cited as follows:
Census of Population and Housing 1980: Master Area Reference File
(MARF) 2 Technical Documentation / prepared by the Data User Services
Division, Bureau of the Census. --Washington: The Bureau, 1983.
For additional information concerning the file, contact Data User
Services Division, Customer Services (Tapes), Bureau of the Census,
Washington, D.C. 20233. Phone: (301) 763-4100.
For additional information concerning the technical documentation,
contact Data User Services Division, Data Access and use Staff, Bureau
of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Phone: (301) 763-2074.
For additional information concerning the subject matter of the file,
contact Geography Division, (301) 763-5720, or Data User Services
Division, (301) 763-2074, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.
20233.
User Notes
This section will contain information relevant to the Master Area Reference
File (MARF) 2 which becomes available after the file is released.
User Notes will be sent to all users who (1) purchased their files (or
technical documentation) from the Census Bureau and (2) returned the
original copy of the coupon located inside the front cover of this
documentation.
Subject Matter Description
MARF 2 contains numeric codes and names for census geographic areas plus
100-percent and sample data for selected population and housing items.
The file provides 100-percent counts for the total population, five race
groups (White; Black; American Indian, Eskimo, and Aleut; Asian and
Pacific Islander; and Other races), persons of Spanish origin, families,
persons in group quarters, one-person households, and total, occupied,
and owner-occupied housing units.
In addition, total population and housing unit estimates and per capita
income based on 1980 census sample returns are included. Latitude and
longitude coordinates are given for the approximate population centroid
of each geographic area down to the level of block group (BG) and
enumeration district (ED). Land area in square miles is provided for
geographic areas down to the level of places and minor civil divisions
(MCD's) (in 11 selected States) with a population of 2,500 or more.
Geographic Coverage
This abstract provides general information about the geographic coverage
of MARF 2. Detailed information concerning the geographic hierarchy and
areas which are split by higher levels of geography is provided in the
technical documentation section entitled "File Structure and Geographic
Coverage."
MARF 2 provides summaries and codes for the State or State equivalent,
counties or county equivalents, minor civil divisions (MCD's) or census
county divisions (CCD's), places or place segments within MCD's/CCD's,
and remainders of MCD's/CCD's, census tracts or block numbering areas
(BNA's) and block groups (BG's) or, for areas that are not
block-numbered, enumeration districts (ED's).
Technical Description
Type of File
Type of file = Summary statistics
File Size
390-character logical record length. The number of logical records
for individual State files will be on the printout accompanying
each tape.
File Sort Sequence
This file is sorted by level of geographic hierarchy. For a
complete explanation, see the "File Structure and Geographic
Coverage" section in the technical documentation.
Reference Materials
"Census of Population and Housing 1980: Master Area Reference File
(MARF) 2 Technical Documentation." The documentation contains this
abstract as well as additional information about the file, a glossary,
and a data dictionary. One copy accompanies each file order. When
ordered separately, it is available for $5 from Data User Services
Division, Customer Services (Tapes), Bureau of the Census, Washington,
D.C. 20233.
Metropolitan Map Series/Vicinity Map Series (MMS/VMS). This map series
provides coverage of densely settled areas of selected counties and
county equivalents. These maps are referred to as the Metropolitan Map
Series (MMS) when the maps cover standard metropolitan statistical areas
(SMSA's) and as the Vicinity Map Series (VMS) when the maps cover areas
not in an SMSA. For a more detailed discussion of the MMS/VMS, see the
section in the technical documentation entitled "1980 Census Maps."
County Maps. The maps cover all counties and county equivalents except
where the Metropolitan Map Series/Vicinity Map Series (MMS/VMS) sheets
cover an entire county. Most county maps are based on maps supplied by
State transportation or highway departments on which the Bureau has
superimposed boundaries and identifiers for most areas for which data
are tabulated. Insets to county maps are provided for some counties
that contain American Indian reservations. For a more detailed
discussion on county maps, see the section in the technical
documentatio entitled "1980 Census Maps."
Place Maps. Place maps are used for places not shown on MMS/VMS, and
show map features within the corporate limits of a municipality or
within boundaries established for a census designated place (CDP). If
census boundaries and identifiers for an area adjacent to a place are
shown, the map is referred to as a place-and-vicinity map. For a more
detailed discussion on place maps, see the section in the technical
documentation entitled "1980 Census Maps."
For information about the availability of the above maps, write or call
Data User Services Division, Customer Services, (Maps), Bureau of the
Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Phone: (301) 763-4100.
PHC80-R1 1980 Census of Population and Housing Users' Guide. This
publication is a comprehensive guide to 1980 census data. It covers
1980 census subject content, procedures, geography, statistical
products, limitations of the data, sources of user assistance, notes on
data use, a glossary of terms, and guides for locating data in reports
and tape files. The guide is issued in loose-leaf form and sold in
parts (R1-A, -B, etc.) as they are prepared. Part A, Text and Part B,.
Glossary (published as part of Supplement 1 to the Users' Guide) are
available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Part A: S/N 003-024-03625-8. Price
is $5.50. Supplement 1 (including Part B): S/N 003-024-05004-8. Price
is $6.00.
PHC80-R3 Alphabetical Index of Industries and Occupations. The index
features the respondent's industry (employer's kind of business) and
occupation (employee's kind of work) as in the 1980 Census of
Population, Current Population Survey, and other demographic surveys
conducted by the Bureau of the Census. The index lists approximately
20,000 industry and 29,000 occupation titles in alphabetical order. It
is a comprehensive list of specific industries and occupations developed
over time and continuously updated through review of census and survey
questionnaires. It is available from the Superintendent of Documents,
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. S/N
003-024-04939-2. Price is $11.00.
PHC80-R4 Classified Index of Industries and Occupations. The index
presents, for each category in the industrial and occupational
classification system, the individual titles that constitute each of the
231 industry and 503 occupation categories in the classification
systems. The individual titles are the same as those shown in the
Alphabetical Index. The 1980 occupation classification reflects the new
U.S. Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). As in the past, the
1980 industry classification reflects the Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC). It is available from the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. S/N
003-024-05002-1. Price is $8.50.
PHC80-R5 Geographic Identification Code Scheme. This report identifies
the names and related geographic codes for each State, county, minor
civil division (MCD), place, region, division, standard consolidated
statistical area (SCSA), standard metropolitan statistical area (SMSA),
American Indian reservation, and Alaska Native village for which the
Census Bureau tabulated data from the 1980 Census. It is available from
the Superintentof Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20402. S/N 003-024-05118-4. Price is $7.50.
Monthly Product Announcement (MPA). New Census Bureau products are
listed each month in the MPA. These products include publications,
technical documentation, data files, published maps, and microfiche. To
be added to the mailing list, contact Data User Services Division,
Customer Services (Publications), Bureau of the Census, Washington,
D.C. 20233.
Related Printed Reports and Microfiche
Listed below are some of the products that are currently available or
will be released. For a complete listing, see the 1980 Census Users'
Guide. The products may be ordered from the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
unless otherwise indicated. Specific ordering information for
individual reports (price and GPO stock number) may be obtained by
contacting Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the
Census, Washington, D.C. 20233. Phone: (301) 763-4100.
PC80-1-A Number of Inhabitants. These reports are largely derived from
STF 1 and contain final 1980 population counts and historic counts from
previous censuses for States, standard consolidated statistical areas
(SCSA's), standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), urbanized
areas (UA's), urban and rural residence, counties, county subdivisions,
incorporated places, census designated places, and towns and townships
in selected States. Reports are issued separately for the United
States, each State, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin
Islands of the United States, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands,
and the remainder of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
PC80-1-B General Population Characteristics. Data are derived from STF
2 and include statistics on household relationship, age, sex, marital
status, race, and Spanish origin for the following areas or their
equivalents: States, standard consolidated statistical areas (SCSA's),
standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), urbanized areas
(UA's), counties, county subdivisions, places (and towns and townships
in selected States) of 1,000 or more inhabitants, American Indian
reservations, and Alaska Native villages. These reports are issued
separately for the United States, each State, the District of Columbia,
Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa,
Northern Mariana Islands, and the remainder of the Trust Territory of
the Pacific Islands.
PC80-1-C General Social and Economic Characteristics. In addition to
selected subjects that are shown in the PC80-1-B reports, statistics are
presented on nativity, State or country of birth, citizenship and year
of immigration for the foreign-born population, language spoken at home
and ability to speak English, ancestry, fertility, family composition,
type of group quarters, residence in 1975, journey to work, school
enrollment, years of school completed, disability, veteran status, labor
force status, occupation, industry, class of workers, labor force status
in 1979, income in 1979, and poverty status in 1979. Each subject is
shown for some or all of the following areas or their equivalents:
States, counties (including rural and rural farm residence), places (and
towns and townships in selected States) of 2,500 or more inhabitants,
standard consolidated statistical areas (SCSA's), standard metropolitan
statistical areas (SMSA's), urbanized areas (UA's), American Indian
reservations, and Alaska Native villages. These reports will be issued
separately for the United States, each State, the District of Columbia,
Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa,
Northern Mariana Islands, and the remainder of the Trust Territory of
the Pacific Islands.
PC80-1-D Detailed Population Characteristics. Statistics on population
characteristics are presented in considerable detail and
cross-classified by age, race, Spanish origin, and other
characteristics. Each subject is shown for the State or equivalent
area, and some subjects are also shown for rural residence at the State
level. Most subjects are shown for standard metropolitan statistical
areas (SMSA's) of 250,000 or more inhabitants, and a few are shown for
central cities of these SMSA's. These reports will be issued separately
for the United States, each State, the District of Columbia, Puerto
Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa,
Northern Mariana Islands, and the remainder of the Trust Territory of
the Pacific Islands.
HC80-1-A General Housing Characteristics. Statistics on units at
address, tenure, condominium status, number of rooms, persons per room,
plumbing facilities, value, contract rent, and vacancy status are shown
for some or all of the following areas or their equivalents: States,
counties, county subdivisions, places (and towns and townships in
selected States) of 1,000 or more inhabitants, standard consolidated
statistical areas (SCSA's), standard metropolitan statistical areas
(SMSA's), urbanized areas (UA's), American Indian reservations, and
Alaska Native villages. Selected tables contain housing characteristics
for urban and rural areas. These reports are issued separately for the
United States, each State, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam,
Virgin Islands of the United States, American Samoa, Northern Mariana
Islands, and the remainder of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
HC80-1-B Detailed Housing Characteristics. Some subjects included in
the HC80-1-A reports are also shown in this report. Additional subjects
include units in structure, year householder moved into unit, year
structure built, heating equipment, fuels, air conditioning, water and
sewage, gross rent, and selected monthly ownership costs. The
statistics are shown for some or all of the following areas or their
equivalents: States, (including urban, rural nonfarm, and rural farm
residence), counties places (and towns and townships in selected States)
of 2,500 or more inhabitants, standard consolidated statistical areas
(SCSA's), standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), urbanized
areas (UA's), American Indian reservations, and Alaska Native villages.
These reports are issued separately for the United States, each State,
the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Guam, Virgin Islands of the
United States, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, and the
remainder of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
HC80-2 Metropolitan Housing Characteristics. This volume presents
statistics in considerable detail and cross-classification for most of
the 1980 census housing subjects. Most statistics are presented by race
and Spanish origin for areas with at least a specified number of the
relevant population groups. Data are shown for States, standard
metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's) and their central cities, and
other cities of 50,000 or more inhabitants. There is one report for
each SMSA, and one report for each State, The District of Columbia, and
Puerto Rico. The U.S. Summary shows these statistics for the United
States and census regions.
PHC80-1 Block Statistics. (Microfiche report). Data provided are
derived from STF 1 and include final population and housing counts
(totals) and statistics for selected characteristics based on responses
to complete-count (100-percent) questions. Data are shown for
individual blocks in the blocked portion of each standard metropolitan
statistical area (SMSA), and for urbanized areas (UA's), places of
10,000 or more inhabitants, and areas that contracted with the Census
Bureau to provide block statistics outside of SMSA's. There is one
title for each SMSA with block-numbered areas within the SMSA, one title
for each State and Puerto Rico with block-numbered areas outside SMSA's,
and a U.S. Summary that is an index to the set. Block reports on
micofiche and maps on paper stock are available from the U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Microfiche paper prints of the
reports are available from Data User Services Division, Customer
Services (Microfiche), Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233.
PHC80-2 Census Tracts. Data for selected population and housing
subjects derived from STF 2 and STF 4 are shown by census tract for
standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), central cities,
component SMSA counties, selected non-SMSA counties, and places of
10,000 or more inhabitants within SMSA's and selected counties. Some
tables are based on 100-percent or complete-count tabulations while
others are based on sample tabulations. There is one report for each
SMSA and one for the tracted balance of most States and for Puerto
Rico. Tables showing tract comparability between 1970 and 1980 are
included in this publication. Maps are provided separately from the
tract reports and are available from the U.S. Government Printing
Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Until the publications are available
(expected to become available beginning mid-1983 from GPO), photocopies
of tables containing complete-count data may be purchased from Data User
Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington,
D.C. 20233.
PHC80-3 Summary Characteristics for Governmental Units and Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Areas. This publication series is derived from
STF 1 and STF 3 and shows selected population and housing statistics
based on complete count and sample estimate data for States, counties,
functioning minor civil divisions (20 specified States), and
incorporated places. There is one report for each State, the District
of Columbia, and Puerto Rico.
PHC80-4 Congressional Districts of the 98th Congress. This report
presents complete-count and sample data for congressional districts of
the 98th Congress. One report is available for each of the 50 States
and the District of Columbia.
3Related Machine-Readable Files and Microfiche
Listed below are some of the 1980 Census data files which have been or
will be released.
Census of Population and Housing, 1980: Summary Tape Files (STF's).
STF's 1 to 5 consist of multiple files, each file summarizing data for
specific levels of geography. The following discussion does not
necessarily specify geographic levels features in each file, but
provides only a general description of geographic areas covered in the
whole STF. Further information can be obtained from Data User Services
Division, Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C.
20233. Phone: (301) 763-4100.
STF 1 (Files A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) provides 321 cells of
complete-count population and housing data. This file set includes data
shown in the PHC80-1, PHC80-3, and PC80-1-A reports. Geographic areas
for which data are summarized include the United States, regions,
divisions, States, standard consolidated statistical areas (SCSA's),
standard metropolitan statistical area (SMSA), and for urbanized areas
(UA's), congressional districts, counties, county subdivisions, places,
census tracts, enumeration districts in unblocked areas, and blocks and
block groups in blocked areas. STF 1 files A, B, C, have been
released. Data from the STF 1A and STF 1C files are also available on
microfiche. STF 1D contains data for congressional districts of the
98th Congress. This file has been released. STF 1E for North Dakota
provides data based on 1970 census geography. This file has been
released. STF 1F presents data for school districts. The files are
being released by State on a flow basis. STF 1G presents data for
neighborhoods in areas that chose to participate in the Neighborhood
Statistics Program. Files are being released on a State-by-State basis.
STF 2 (Files A, B, and C) contains 2,292 cells of detailed
complete-count population and housing data, of which 962 are repeated
for race and/or Spanish origin groups present in the tabulation area.
Data are summarized for the United States census regions, census
divisions, States, standard consolidated statistical areas (SCSA's),
urbanized areas (UA's), counties, county subdivisions, places of 1,000
or more inhabitants, census tracts, American Indian reservations, and
Alaska Native villages. This file set includes data shown in the
PHC80-2, PC80-1-B, and HC80-1-A reports. All STF 2 files have been
released.
STF 3 (Files A, B, C, D, F and G) contains 1,126 cells of population and
housing data estimated from the sample. This file set includes data
shown in the sample tables of the PHC80-3 reports. Files A and C
provide data for the same areas as files A and C of STF 1, excluding
blocks. STF files 3A and 3C have been released. These files are also
available on microfiche. File 3B, a special tabulation contracted for
by a private organization, provides summaries for each 5-digit ZIP code
area within States, standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's),
and counties. STF files 3D, 3F, and 3G provide data for the same
geographic areas as the corresponding STF 1 files. Most State STF 3D
files are available. STF 3F and STF 3G files are being released on a
State-by-State basis.
STF 4 (Files A, B, and C) is the geographic counterpart of STF 2 and
contains approximately 8,500 cells of population and housing data, of
which approximately 3,500 are repeated for up to 39 race, Spanish
origin, and ancestry groups present in the tabulation area. Data are
summarized for areas similar to those shown for STF 2, except that data
for places are limited to those with 2,500 or more inhabitants. This
file set includes data shown in the PHC80-2, PHC80-1C, and HC80-1-B
reports. STF 4A and B files are being released on a State-by-State
basis.
STF 5 (Files A and C) contains over 100,000 cells of population and
housing data estimated from the sample and provides highly detailed
tabulations for States, standard metropolitan statistical areas
(SMSA's), and counties and places of 50,000 or more inhabitants. Most
subjects are cross-classified by five race and Spanish origin groups.
This file set includes data shown in the PC80-1-D and HC80-2 reports.
STF 5 is scheduled to be available in late 1983.
Census of Population and Housing, 1980: Geographic Identification Code
Scheme. The file lists names and numeric codes for States, counties,
county subdivisions (MCD's/CCD's), and places for which 1980 census data
were tabulated. It includes much of the information from the PHC80-R5
Geographic Identification Code Scheme report.
Census of Population and Housing, 1980: Equal Employment Opportunity
(EEO) Special File. The file contains two tables. Table 1 provides
detailed occupation (514 categories) by sex. Table 2 contains years of
school completed by age and sex. The data in both tables are
cross-classification by sex and Hispanic origin or race for
non-Hispanics. These data are provided for States, the District of
Columbia, standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), counties,
and places with a population of 50,000 or more.
Census of Population and Housing, 1980: Public-Use Microdata Samples.
Public-use microdata samples are computerized files containing records
for a sample of housing units, with information on the characteristics
of each unit and the persons in it. These files do not contain names or
addresses, and geographic identification is sufficiently broad to
protect confidentiality. There are three mutually exclusive samples
(each released by State, groups of States, or for the U.S.): the A
sample including 5 percent, and the B and C samples each including 1
percent of all persons and housing units. Three 1-in-1,000 samples were
also prepared, one each extracted from the A, B, and C samples. Each
sample features a different geographic scheme. The A sample focuses on
States, the B on SMSA's, and the C samples gives urban/rural components
for regions and divisions and identifies UA's. Separate sets of county
groups are featured on the A and B samples. Microdata files allow the
user to prepare customized tabulations. All state files have been
released.
Census of Population and Housing, 1980: P.L. 94-171 Population Counts.
The file, organized by State, provides count for total population, and
provisional counts for five racial categories and Spanish/Hispanic
origin. Summaries are provided for the State, counties, minor civil
divisions (MCD's) or census county divisions (CCD's), incorporated
places or place segments within MCD's/CCD's, remainder of MCD's/CCD's,
election precincts in certain States or portions of certain States,
census tracts or block numbering areas, block groups and blocks or, for
areas that are not block numbered, enumeration districts (ED's). The
figures presented in P.L. 94-171 may differ from those shown in STF 1.
The changes reflect corrections of errors found after P.L. 94-171 was
prepared. Microfiche (and paper photo copy of microfiche) of the P.L.
94-171 Population Counts file is also available.
Census Software Package (CENSPAC). CENSPAC is a generalized data
retrieval system developed by the Census Bureau for use with Census
Bureau statistical data files. CENSPAC provides file processing
capabilities primarily for summary data files, but also provides some
features which apply to microdata files. A manual describing the
software accompanies each file order ($140 from Customer Services
(Tapes) or may be purchased separately from Customer Services for $5.00.
Relevant Articles and Publications
The following is a list of reference materials which provide additional
information concerning the 1980 census.
PHC80-R1 1980 Census of Population and Housing Users' Guide. This
publication is a comprehensive guide to 1980 census data. It covers 1980
census subject content, procedures, geography, statistical products,
limitations of the data, sources of user assistance, notes on data use, a
glossary of terms, and guides for locating data in reportsand tape files.
The guide is issued in loose-leaf form and sold in parts (R1-A, -B, etc.) as
they are prepared. Part A, Text and Part B, Glossary (published as part of
Supplement 1 to the Users' Guide) are available from the Superintendent of
Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. Part
A: S/N 003-024-03625-8. Price is $5.50. Supplement 1 (including Part B):
S/N 003-024-05004-8. Price is $6.
Census '80: Continuing the Factfinder Tradition. This publication,
originally prepared for college classes, examined the history, organization,
products, services, and uses of the 1980 census and is available from the
Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,
D.C. 20402. S/N 003-024-02262-1. Price is $7.50.
Factfinder for the Nation. These brochures describe the range of census
materials available on specific subjects. Nos. 6 (Housing Statistics), 7
(Population Statistics), 8 (Census Geography), and 22 (Data for Small
Communities) discuss topics relevant to the 1980 census. Limited free
copies are available from Data User Services Division, Census History Staff,
Bureau of the Census, Washington, D.C. 20233.
Data User News. This monthly newsletter provides continuous reporting on
Census Bureau programs and products. A subscription is available for $20 a
year from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,
Washington, D.C. 20402.
Monthly Product Announcement. This free announcement lists new products
released each month from the Census Bureau. These products include
publications, technical documentation, data files, published maps, and
microfiche. To be added to the mailing list, contact Data User Services
Division, Customer Services (Publications), Bureau of the Census,
Washington, D.C. 20233.
File Availability
MARF 2 is available on a State-by-State basis. Individual States may be
purchased separately from Data User Services Division using the Customer
Services order form for tapes. A consolidated U.S. file will also be
prepared. The tapes are available at 1600 bpi or 6250 bpi, 9-track, at
a cost of $140 per reel. If data for more than one State are ordered and
can be accommodated on a single reel, the cost is $165 per reel. For
information on the number of reels and release date for each State,
subscribe to the Monthly Product Announcement (MPA).
File Structure and Geographic Coverage
For each geographic area presented on MARF, there is a 390-character census
logical record. Each record begins with 252 characters of geographic
information and suppression indicators. For a concise description of the
geographic coverage of MARF 2 see Appendix A.
Figure 1 presents an overview of the sequencing of records in MARF.
Although variations such as places split by minor civil divisions (MCD's),
MCD's which both have block numbering areas (BNA's) and unblocked areas, and
census tracts with both block groups (BC's) and enumeration distrits (ED's)
are not shown, these variations are explained in the following discussion of
each summary level record type appearing in MARF.
The State record (Summary Level 04) contains a summary for the State or
State equivalent.
The county record (Summary Level 11) contains a summary for each county or
county equivalent, including independent cities, within the State in FIPS
code sequence.
The minor civil division (MCD) / census county division (CCD) record
(Summary Level 12) contains a summary for each MCD/CCD within the county in
census code sequence.
The place or remainder-of-MCD/CCD record (Summary Level 13) provides a
summary for each place within the MCD/CCD in census place code sequence.
These may be places or, when places cross MCD/CCD boundaries, portions of
places. A remainder-of-MCD/CCD record will be generated only if there is a
place in the MCD/CCD. This record will cover all areas outside of places
and will have a pseudo place code of 9999.
Figure 1
FIGURE 1
Summary
Geography Level
State 1............................................................. ....04
County 1........................................................... ...11
MCD/CCD 1........................................................ ...12
Place 1........................................................ ...13
Tract 1..........................................................14
Block Group 1..................................................15
Block Group 2
'
'
Block Group N
Tract 2..........................................................14
Block Group 1..................................................15
'
'
Block Group N
Tract 3..........................................................14
'
'
Tract N
Place 2........................................................ ...13
Tract 1..........................................................14
ED 1....................................................... ...16
'
'
ED N
Tract 2..........................................................14
'
'
Tract N
Place 3........................................................ ...13
'
'
Place N
MCD/CCD 2........................................................ ...12
Place 1........................................................ ...13
Tract 1..........................................................14
BG 1....................................................... ...15
BG 2
'
'
BG N
Tract 2..........................................................14
'
'
Tract N
Place 2........................................................ ...13
'
'
Place N
Remainder of MCD/CCD 2.............................................13
MCD/CCD 3........................................................ ...12
'
'
MCD/CCD N
County 2........................................................... ...11
MCD/CCD 1........................................................ ...12
Place 1........................................................ ...13
Tract 1..........................................................14
BG 1....................................................... ...15
'
'
BG N
Tract 2..........................................................14
'
'
Tract N
Place 2........................................................ ...13
'
'
Place N
Remainder of MCD/CCD 1.............................................13
MCD/CCD 2........................................................ ...12
'
MCD/CCD N
County 3........................................................... ...11
'
'
County N
Figure 2
The remaining summary levels on the MARF--tract block numbering area (BNA)
(Summary Level 14) and block group (BG) (Summary Level 15) or enumeration
district (ED) (Summary Level 16)--appear in one of six sequences depending
on the geographic breakdown of a given area. Figure 2 illustrates the six
possible sequences.
Figure 2
A. Tract D. Block Numbering Area (BNA)
Block Group (BG) Block Group (BG)
B. Tract E. Pseudo BNA
Enumeration District (ED)
Block Group (BG)
Enumeration District (ED)
C. Tract F. Enumeration District (ED)
Enumeration District (ED)
A. Tract/BG. When an area is tracted and block-numbered, a summary is
shown for each tract or tract portion within the MCD/CCD/place or
remainder of MCD/CCD. Each tract summary is followed by a summary for
each BG within the tract or tract portion. Tract summaries are in tract
code sequence, and BG summaries are sequenced by the BG number.
B. Tract/BG/ED. When a MCD/CCD is tracted and partially block-numbered,
there will be both BG and ED summaries for the tract or tract portion
within the MCD/CCD/place or remainder of MCD/CCD. BG summaries will
precede those for ED's. BG summaries are sequenced by BG numbers, and
ED summaries are sequenced by ED number and suffix.
C. Tract/ED. When an area is tracted but not block-numbered, a summary is
shown for each tract or tract portion within the MCD/CCD/place or
remainder. Each tract summary is followed by the summary for each ED
within the tract or BNA portion.
D. BNA/BG. When an area is not tracted but is block-numbered, there will
be a summary for each BNA portion within the MCD/CCD/place or remainder,
followed by a summary for each BG within the BNA or BNA portion.
E. Pseudo BNA/ED. When the remainder of an untracted MCD/CCD is partially
blocked, the blocked portion will be shown as in D above and the
unblocked portion will be shown by a pseudo BNA (999999) followed by the
summary for each ED in the area.
F. ED. When an area is neither tracted nor block-numbered, a summary is
shown for each ED within the place, place segment, or MCD/CCD. ED records
for the portion of MCD's/CCD's not covered by places will follow the
remainder of MCD/CCD summary record, if applicable.
DESCRIPTION OF POPULATION
Universe description = All persons and housing units in the United States.
SUPPRESSION
Introduction
To maintain the confidentiality promised respondents and required by law,
the Census Bureau takes precautions to make sure that its public data, in
print or on tape, do not disclose information about particular individuals
or housing units; therefore the Bureau suppresses tabulations of
characteristics for very small groups of people or housing units. On
summary tapes, zeroes are entered in suppressed cells. However, a zero in a
cell does not automatically mean suppression. Only by checking the
suppression flag field can it be determined if the zero in a specific item
is suppressed data or an actual count of zero.
The following discussion outlines the rules for suppression of
complete-count and sample data as it applies to the subject items on MARF2.
No Suppression
No Suppression
The following counts are never suppressed:
Total population
Total housing units
Occupied housing units
Count of persons and households in each race and
Spanish origin group
Primary Suppression
Primary Suppression
Suppression of Population Characteristics. Characteristics of persons other
than race or Spanish origin are shown only if the number of persons in a
geographic area meets minimum requirements. For tabulations based on
complete-count data (e.g., number of persons in group quarters), there must
be 15 or more persons in the geographic area. For tabulations based on
sample estimates (e.g., per capita income), there must be 30 or more persons
in the geographic area.
Suppression of Family, Household, or Occupied Housing Characteristics.
Characteristics of families, households, or occupied housing units are shown
if there are five or more occupied housing units within the geographic area
tabulated.
Suppression of Owner or Renter Characteristics. Distributions of data for
owners or renters are shown when the number of owners is five or more and
the number of renters is also five or more.
Programming with Suppression
Suppressed data cells contain zeroes. To distinguish between zeroes as
suppression and zeroes as valid data, occurrences of suppression are
identified by a series of flag fields in the geographic identification
portion of each logical record. Programmers developing software should
include procedures to check these fields for the presence of suppression
and, if necessary, to flag the output of any cumulation which includes one
or more suppressed fields.
In reviewing the data dictionary, the programmer can determine which
suppression flags indicate suppression for particular items by checking
either the item description or the flag description.
DATA DICTIONARY (RECORD LAYOUT)
How to Use the Data Dictionary (Record Layout)
This computer-generated report documents the data contents and the record
layout of the file. Below is a brief description of the information
provided for each data item.
The first line of each data item description gives the name, size/scale,
begin position, and the variable label. Following those items, on
subsequent lines, are any applicable notes and value codes. Each of these
items is defined below.
1. Name. This is an arbitrarily assigned 8 character identifier. It
may be a mnemonic such as "STATE" or "EDNUMBER", or sequential
identifiers such as "SUPFLO1", "SUPFLO2", etc.
2. Size/Scale. The size of a data item is given in characters. The
scale of a data item is given in integer powers of 10. Implied
decimals or multipliers (in integer powers of ten only) are
indicated by a "-" or a "+" followed by a number. For example,
123.45 would appear on the data tape as 12345, and the size/scale
value would be 5/-2. A number recorded in thousands (12,345,000 for
example) would appear on the data tape as 12345 and the size/scale
value would be 5/+3. Scale factors which are not an integer power
of ten are identified in the notes following the label, and in the
footnotes.
3. Begin. This is the location in the data record of the first
character of the data item.
4. Data Type. The type "A" indicates that the data item is represented
by an alphabetic or numeric code; "N" indicates that an actual
figure is provided.
5. Description. Following the Data Type is a description of the data
item. This heading is not labeled on the data dictionary. This
section also provides any relevant notes or footnote references. In
addition, any value codes necessary for the data item are listed and
labeled here.
Note: Since the standard geographic identification format for 1980 census
summary tapes is used on the MARF 2 file, all geographic identifiers are
included in the MARF 2 data dictionary. However, the description indicates
if the identifier is not applicable to MARF 2.
Data Dictionary (Record Layout), MARF2 Data
Part 1
RECORD 01
SIZE/ DATA
NAME SCALE BEGIN TYPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
FILEID 5 1 A
IDENTIFIER FOR SUMMARY FILE
MARF2 MASTER AREA REFERENCE FILE 2
RECTYP 4 6 A
IDENTIFIES MULTIPLE LOGICAL RECORD
FORMATS ON STF FILES.
IT IS BLANK IF ONLY ONE FORMAT IS PRESENT.
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
SUMRYLVL 2 10 A
IDENTIFIES GEOGRAPHIC LEVEL OF CURRENT
RECORD
01 UNITED STATES
02 REGION
03 DIVISION
04 STATE OR STATE EQUIVALENT
05 SCSA
06 SCSA/STATE
07 SMSA
08 SMSA/STATE
09 URBANIZED AREA
10 URBANIZED AREA/STATE
11 STATE/COUNTY OR COUNTY EQUIVALENT
12 STATE/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)
13 STATE/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE
14 STATE/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE/TRACT (BNA)
15 STATE/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE/TRACT
(BNA)/BG
16 STATE/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE/TRACT
(BNA)/ED
17 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY
18 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)
19 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE
20 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE/TRACT
(BNA)
21 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE/TRACT
(BNA)/BLOCK
22 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/MCD (CCD)/PLACE/TRACT
(BNA)/ED
23 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/PLACE
24 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/PLACE/TRACT (BNA)
25 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/PLACE/TRACT (BNA)/BLOCK
26 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/PLACE/TRACT (BNA)/ED
27 STATE/PLACE
28 STATE/MCD SEQUENCE NUMBER
29 INDIAN RESERVATION (ANY)
30 INDIAN RESERVATION/STATE
31 INDIAN RESERVATION (ANY)/STATE/COUNTY
32 STATE/SMSA/COUNTY/TRACT (BNA)
33 STATE/CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT (96th
CONGRESS)
34 COUNTY/CCD (STF 1E, NORTH DAKOTA ONLY)
35 5-DIGIT ZIP CODE WITHIN STATE
36 5-DIGIT ZIP CODE STATE/SMSA/COUNTY
37 STATE/CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT/COUNTY
38 STATE/CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT/PLACE
39 STATE/CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT/MCD
40 SCHOOL DISTRICT
41 SCHOOL DISTRICT/COUNTY
42 NEIGHBORHOOD PUBLICATION AREA
43 NEIGHBORHOOD
URBARURL 2 12 A
URBAN AND RURAL COMPONENT
THIS INDICATOR IS APPLICABLE TO SUMMARY
LEVELS 15 AND 16 ONLY.
NOTE- ONLY 01 and 08 ARE INDICATED ON
MARF 2.
00 NOT URBAN AND RURAL COMPONENT
01 URBAN
02 INSIDE URBANIZED AREAS
03 CENTRAL CITIES
04 URBAN FRINGE
05 OUTSIDE URBANIZED AREAS
06 PLACES OF 10,000 OR MORE
07 PLACES OF 2,500 TO 10,000
08 RURAL
09 PLACES OF 1,000 TO 2,500
10 OTHER RURAL
11 FARM
SMSACOM 2 14 A
INSIDE AND OUTSIDE SMSA'S COMPONENT
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
00 NOT INSIDE AND OUTSIDE SMSA COMPONENT
01 INSIDE SMSA'S
02 URBAN
03 CENTRAL CITIES
04 NOT IN CENTRAL CITIES
05 RURAL
06 OUTSIDE SMSA'S
07 URBAN
08 RURAL
Part 2
RECORD 01
SIZE/ DATA
NAME SCALE BEGIN TYPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
RACESPAN 2 16 A
IDENTIFIES RACE/SPANISH ORIGIN GROUP
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
ANCESTRY 3 18 A
IDENTIFIES SPECIFIC ANCESTRY GROUP
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
BLOCKPT 1 21 A
BLOCKED PORTION INDICATOR
A BLANK INDICATES NOT APPLICABLE OR THE
TOTAL SUMMARY FOR A GEOGRAPHIC AREA WHICH
IS PARTIALLY BLOCKED.
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
1 THIS SUMMARY IS FOR THE BLOCKED PORTION
OF A GEOGRAPHIC AREA WHICH IS PARTIALLY
BLOCKED OR A TOTAL SUMMARY FOR A
GEOGRAPHIC AREA WHICH IS COMPLETELY
BLOCKED.
FSTATUS 1 22 A
FUNCTIONAL STATUS CODE
A ACTIVE GOVERNMENTAL UNIT RECOGNIZED FOR
REVENUE SHARING, EXCEPT SEMI-INDEPENDENT
PLACES, INDIAN RESERVATIONS, AND ALASKA
NATIVE VILLAGES.
B ACTIVE GOVERNMENTAL UNIT NOT RECOGNIZED
FOR REVENUE SHARING.
C SEMI-INDEPENDENCE PLACE
I INACTIVE GOVERNMENTAL UNIT
N NONFUNCTIONING GOVERNMENTAL UNIT
S STATISTICAL ENTITY
F FALSE ENTITY
R INDIAN RESERVATION OR ALASKA NATIVE
VILLAGE RECOGNIZED FOR REVENUE SHARING
Q INDIAN RESERVATION OR ALASKA NATIVE
VILLAGE NOT RECOGNIZED FOR REVENUE SHARING
FLAG1 1 23 A
SUBSTITUTION FLAG
FIELD IS BLANK IF LESS THAN 20 PERCENT OF
THE PERSONS OR YEAR-ROUND HOUSING UNITS
WERE SUBSTITUTED.
1 20 PERCENT OR MORE OF THE PERSONS OR
YEAR-ROUND HOUSING UNITS WERE SUBSTITUTED.
PARTCOU 1 24 A
COUNTY PART INDICATOR
CODE IS APPLICABLE TO NEW ENGLAND
SUMMARIES (SUMMARY LEVEL 11) ONLY.
THE FIELD WILL BE BLANK IF THE COUNTY IS
COMPLETELY INSIDE OR OUTSIDE ANY SMSA.
1 NEW ENGLAND COUNTY IS PARTIALLY INSIDE
ONE OR MORE SMSA'S.
FILLER1 6 25 A
FILLER
REGION 1 31 A
REGION CODE
0 PUERTO RICO
1 NORTHEAST
2 NORTH CENTRAL
3 SOUTH
4 WEST
DIVISION 1 32 A
DIVISION CODE
THE FIRST DIGIT OF THE GEOGRAPHIC STATE
CODE.
0 PUERTO RICO
1 NEW ENGLAND
2 MIDDLE ATLANTIC
3 EAST NORTH CENTRAL
4 WEST NORTH CENTRAL
5 SOUTH ATLANTIC
6 EAST SOUTH CENTRAL
7 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL
8 MOUNTAIN
9 PACIFIC
Part 3
RECORD 01
SIZE/ DATA
NAME SCALE BEGIN TYPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
STATEGEO 2 32 A
GEOGRAPHIC STATE CODE
63 ALABAMA
94 ALASKA
86 ARIZONA
71 ARKANSAS
93 CALIFORNIA
84 COLORADO
16 CONNECTICUT
51 DELAWARE
53 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
59 FLORIDA
58 GEORGIA
95 HAWAII
82 IDAHO
33 ILLINOIS
32 INDIANA
42 IOWA
47 KANSAS
61 KENTUCKY
72 LOUISIANA
11 MAINE
52 MARYLAND
14 MASSACHUSETTS
34 MICHIGAN
41 MINNESOTA
64 MISSISSIPPI
43 MISSOURI
81 MONTANA
46 NEBRASKA
88 NEVADA
12 NEW HAMPSHIRE
22 NEW JERSEY
85 NEW MEXICO
21 NEW YORK
56 NORTH CAROLINA
44 NORTH DAKOTA
31 OHIO
73 OKLAHOMA
92 OREGON
23 PENNSYLVANIA
15 RHODE ISLAND
57 SOUTH CAROLINA
45 SOUTH DAKOTA
62 TENNESSEE
74 TEXAS
87 UTAH
13 VERMONT
54 VIRGINIA
91 WASHINGTON
55 WEST VIRGINIA
35 WISCONSIN
83 WYOMING
06 PUERTO RICO
STATE 2 34 A
FIPS STATE CODE
01 ALABAMA
02 ALASKA
04 ARIZONA
05 ARKANSAS
06 CALIFORNIA
08 COLORADO
09 CONNECTICUT
10 DELAWARE
11 DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
12 FLORIDA
13 GEORGIA
15 HAWAII
16 IDAHO
17 ILLINOIS
18 INDIANA
19 IOWA
20 KANSAS
21 KENTUCKY
22 LOUISIANA
23 MAINE
24 MARYLAND
25 MASSACHUSETTS
26 MICHIGAN
27 MINNESOTA
28 MISSISSIPPI
29 MISSOURI
30 MONTANA
31 NEBRASKA
32 NEVADA
33 NEW HAMPSHIRE
34 NEW JERSEY
35 NEW MEXICO
36 NEW YORK
37 NORTH CAROLINA
38 NORTH DAKOTA
39 OHIO
40 OKLAHOMA
41 OREGON
42 PENNSYLVANIA
44 RHODE ISLAND
45 SOUTH CAROLINA
46 SOUTH DAKOTA
47 TENNESSEE
48 TEXAS
49 UTAH
50 VERMONT
51 VIRGINIA
53 WASHINGTON
54 WEST VIRGINIA
55 WISCONSIN
56 WYOMING
72 PUERTO RICO
Part 4
RECORD 01
SIZE/ DATA
NAME SCALE BEGIN TYPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SMSA 4 36 A
FIPS STANDARD METROPOLITAN
STATISTICAL AREA (SMSA) CODE
COUNTY 3 40 A
FIPS COUNTY CODE
MCD 3 43 A
MINOR CIVIL DIVISION/CENSUS
COUNTY DIVISION (MCD/CCD) CODE
PLACE 4 46 A
CENSUS GEOGRAPHIC PLACE CODE
9999 IN THIS FIELD INDICATES UNTRACTED
BALANCE OF HIGHER LEVEL ENTITY OUTSIDE OF
PLACE, E.G., REMAINDER OF MCD OR OF
COUNTY.
TRACT 6 50 A
CENSUS TRACT OR BLOCK NUMBERING AREA (BNA)
TRACT IS A FOUR-DIGIT BASIC CODE WITH
IMPLIED DECIMAL AND TWO-DIGIT SUFFIX.
999999 IN THIS FIELD INDICATES UNTRACTED
REMAINDER OF A HIGHER LEVEL ENTITY, E.G.,
REMAINDER OF MCD.
TRACT4 4 50 A
CENSUS TRACT OR BLOCK NUMBERING AREA (BNA)
FOUR-DIGIT BASIC CODE.
BNA SUMMARIES ARE NUMBERED BETWEEN 9901.
AND 9989.
TRACT2 2 54 A
CENSUS TRACT OR BLOCK NUMBERING AREA (BNA)
TWO-DIGIT SUFFIX CODE.
BLANK IF NOT USED.
BLKGRP 1 56 A
BLOCK GROUP (BG)
FIRST DIGIT OF BLOCK NUMBER
BLOCK 3 56 A
BLOCK
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2, EXCEPT
AS NOTED DIRECTLY ABOVE.
PARTPLAC 1 59 A
PLACE/PART INDICATOR
INDICATOR APPEARS ON RECORDS WHICH
CONTAIN DATA FOR A PART OF A PLACE.
0 NEITHER PLACE NOR PLACE SEGMENT RECORD.
1 SPLIT
2 NOT SPLIT
PARTTRCT 1 60 A
TRACT/PART INDICATOR
INDICATOR APPEARS ON RECORDS WHICH
CONTAIN DATA FOR PART OF A TRACT OR BNA.
0 NOT A TRACT OR TRACT SEGMENT RECORD.
1 SPLIT
2 NOT SPLIT
PARTBLK 1 61 A
BLOCK/PART INDICATOR
INDICATOR APPEARS ON RECORDS WHICH
CONTAIN DATA FOR A PART OF A BLOCK.
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
EDINO 1 62 A
ENUMERATION DISTRICT (ED)
INDICATOR PREFIX
FIELD IS BLANK IF ED IS NONE OF THOSE
LISTED BELOW.
A AND N ARE APPLICABLE
TO SUMMARY LEVEL 15;
M, P, S, AND V ARE APPLICABLE TO SUMMARY
LEVEL 16.
A HISTORIC AREAS OF OKLAHOMA (EXCLUDING
URBANIZED AREAS); DISREGARD ALL OTHER
AREAS.
M MILITARY RESERVATION
N AMERICAN INDIAN RESERVATION
P NATIONAL OR STATE PARK OR FOREST LANDS
S OTHER SPECIAL PLACE
V CREWS OF VESSELS
Part 5
RECORD 01
SIZE/ DATA
NAME SCALE BEGIN TYPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
EDNUMBER 4 63 A
ENUMERATION DISTRICT (ED)
EDSUFFIX 1 67 A
ENUMERATION DISTRICT SUFFIX IF
APPLICABLE, CONTAINS AN ALPHABETIC
CHARACTER A-Z. OTHERWISE, SUFFIX WILL BE
BLANK.
SCSA 2 68 A
FIPS STANDARD CONSOLIDATED STATISTICAL
AREA (SCSA) CODE
URBAREA 4 70 A
URBANIZED AREA (UA) CODE
CONDIST 2 74 A
CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT (CD) CODE
00 FOR DISTRICTS OF THE 96TH U.S. CONGRESS
OUTLYING AREAS WHICH HAVE NO
REPRESENTATIVES IN CONGRESS.
01 STATES HAVING ONE REPRESENTATIVE ("AT
LARGE" STATES).
98 AREAS WITH A NON-VOTING DELEGATE IN
CONGRESS.
99 AREAS SPLIT BY CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT
BOUNDARIES.
INDANV 3 76 A
INDIAN RESERVATION/ALASKA NATIVE VILLAGE
(ANV) CODE
MCDSEQNO 4 79 A
MCD SEQUENCE NUMBER
(AVAILABLE IN 11 STATES)
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
FILLER2 5 83 A
FILLER
WARD 2 88 A
WARD
AVAILABLE FOR APPROXIMATELY 190
PARTICIPATING LOCAL AREAS.
SEA 2 90 A
STATE ECONOMIC AREA (SEA)
FOR NONMETROPOLITAN SEA'S, A NUMERIC CODE
UNIQUE WITHIN STATE IS ASSIGNED; FOR
METROPOLITAN SEA'S, AN ALPHABETIC CODE
UNIQUE WITHIN STATE IS ASSIGNED.
ESR 3 92 A
ECONOMIC SUBREGION (ESR)
A GROUPING OF STATE ECONOMIC AREAS
DOFFICE 4 95 A
DISTRICT OFFICE
CODE IS "9999"
IF DATA FOR THIS SUMMARY WERE COLLECTED
FROM MORE THAN ONE DISTRICT OFFICE.
SEQID 4 99 A
SEQUENCE IDENTIFIER
FIRST TWO DIGITS (99-100)
IDENTIFY THE SEQUENCE OF THIS RECORD
SEGMENT AS A PART OF THE CENSUS LOGICAL
RECORD.
SECOND TWO DIGITS (101-102) IDENTIFY THE
TOTAL NUMBER OF RECORD SEGMENTS FOR EACH
CENSUS LOGICAL RECORD.
NOTE- NOT APPLICABLE TO MARF 2; FIELD IS
BLANK.
SMSASIZE 1 103 A
STANDARD METROPOLITAN
STATISTICAL AREA (SMSA)
SIZE CODE
ZERO OR BLANK IF NOT IN AN SMSA
1 UNDER 100,000
2 100,000-249,999
3 250,000-499,999
4 500,000-999,999
5 1,000,000-2,999,999
6 3,000,000-14,999,999
7 15,000,000 OR MORE
9 SPLIT BY SMSA BOUNDARY
UATYPE 1 104 A
URBANIZED AREA (UA) TYPE
BLANK IF NOT IN A UA
0 AREA IN UA WHERE LARGEST CENTRAL CITY HAS
LESS THAN 50,000 POPULATION.
1 AREA IN A UA WITH AT LEAST ONE CENTRAL
CITY THAT HAS A POPULATION OF 50,000 OR
MORE.
9 AREA IS SPLIT BY UA TYPE.
UASIZE 1 105 A
URBANIZED AREA (UA) SIZE
ZERO OR BLANK IF NOT IN A UA
1 UNDER 100,000
2 100,000-249,999
3 250,000-499,999
4 500,000-999,999
5 1,000,000-2,999,999
6 3,000,000-14,999,999
7 15,000,000 OR MORE
9 SPLIT BY SMSA BOUNDARY
PLACDESC 1 106 A
PLACE DESCRIPTION
1 INCORPORATED CENTRAL CITY OF SMSA NOT UA
2 INCORPORATED CENTRAL CITY OF UA NOT SMSA
3 INCORPORATED CENTRAL CITY OF SMSA AND UA
4 OTHER INCORPORATED PLACE
9 NOT PLACE; PART OF MCD/CCD
A CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE, CENTRAL CITY OF
UA NOT SMSA
B CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE, CENTRAL CITY OF
SMSA AND UA
C CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE IN UA WITH
CENTRAL CITY OF 50,000 OR MORE
E CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE COEXTENSIVE WITH
MCD OR COUNTY
F CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE OF 1,000 OR MORE,
NOT IN A UA OR CDP IN UA WITH CENTRAL
CITY OF 50,000 OR LESS
CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE IN UA WITH
CENTRAL CITY OF 50,000 OR LESS
G CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE IN HAWAII AND
OUTLYING AREAS
H CENSUS DESIGNATED PLACE IN ALASKA
I ZONA URBANA IN PUERTO RICO
PLACESZE 2 107 A
PLACE SIZE
00 NOT IN A PLACE
01 UNDER 200
02 200-499
03 500-599
04 1,000-1,499
05 1,500-1,999
06 2,000-2,499
07 2,500-4,999
08 5,000-9,999
09 10,000-19,999
10 20,000-24,999
11 25,000-49,999
12 50,000-99,999
13 100,000-249,999
14 250,000-499,999
15 500,000-999,999
16 1,000,000 OR MORE
XCITY 1 109 A
EXTENDED CITY INDICATOR
A BLANK INDICATES NOT APPLICABLE OR
SUMMARY IS NOT A PLACE OR PART OF A PLACE
WHICH IS PARTIALLY URBAN AND PARTIALLY
RURAL.
X SUMMARY IS FOR A PLACE OR PART OF A PLACE
WHICH IS PARTIALLY URBAN AND PARTIALLY
RURAL.
CBD 1 110 A
CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
FIELD IS BLANK IF AREA IS NOT IN A
CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
C CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT
MCDCCDSZ Z 111 A
MINOR CIVIL DIVISION/CENSUS COUNTY
DIVISION
(MCD/CCD) SIZE
01 UNDER 200
02 200-499
03 500-599
04 1,000-1,499
05 1,500-1,999
06 2,000-2,499
07 2,500-4,999
08 5,000-9,999
09 10,000-19,999
10 20,000-24,999
11 25,000-49,999
12 50,000-99,999
13 100,000-249,999
14 250,000-499,999
15 500,000-999,999
16 1,000,000 OR MORE
INDSUBR 3 113 A
INDIAN SUBRESERVATION
FIPSPLAC 5 116 A
FIPS PLACE CODE
Part 6
RECORD 01
SIZE/ DATA
NAME SCALE BEGIN TYPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SFAR 2 121 A
STANDARD FEDERAL
ADMINISTRATIVE REGION (SFAR)
01 CONNECTICUT
MAINE
MASSACHUSETTS
NEW HAMPSHIRE
RHODE ISLAND
VERMONT
02 NEW JERSEY
NEW YORK
PUERTO RICO
VIRGIN ISLANDS
03 DELAWARE
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
MARYLAND
PENNSYLVANIA
VIRGINIA
WEST VIRGINIA
04 ALABAMA
FLORIDA
GEORGIA
KENTUCKY
MISSISSIPPI
NORTH CAROLINA
SOUTH CAROLINA
TENNESSEE
05 ILLINOIS
INDIANA
MICHIGAN
OHIO
WISCONSIN
06 ARKANSAS
LOUISIANA
NEW MEXICO
OKLAHOMA
TEXAS
07 IOWA
KANSAS
MISSOURI
NEBRASKA
08 COLORADO
MONTANA
NORTH DAKOTA
SOUTH DAKOTA
UTAH
WYOMING
09 ARIZONA
CALIFORNIA
GUAM
HAWAII
NEVADA
10 ALASKA
IDAHO
OREGON
WASHINGTON
LONGITUD 7/-4 123 N
LONGITUDE COORDINATE OF POPULATION
CENTROID (TO 4 DECIMALS)
NOTE- TRACTS AND PLACES SPLIT BY HIGHER
GEOGRAPHIC LEVELS HAVE A SEPARATE
MEASUREMENT FOR EACH TRACT/PLACE PART.
*CENTROID COORDINATES ARE NOT PROVIDED
FOR THE TOTALS OF SPLIT TRACTS AND PLACES.
DECIMAL POINT IS NOT SHOWN.
LATITUDE 6/-4 130 N
LATITUDE COORDINATE OF POPULATION
CENTROID (TO 4 DECIMALS)
NOTE- TRACTS AND PLACES SPLIT BY HIGHER
GEOGRAPHIC LEVELS HAVE A SEPARATE
MEASUREMENT FOR EACH TRACT/PLACE PART.
*CENTROID COORDINATES ARE NOT PROVIDED
FOR THE TOTALS OF SPLIT TRACTS AND PLACES.
DECIMAL POINT IS NOT SHOWN.
LANDAREA 9/-2 136 N
LAND AREA (SQUARE MILES TO THE NEAREST
HUNDREDTH)
NOTE- LAND AREA IS PROVIDED FOR
GEOGRAPHIC LEVELS DOWN TO PLACES OF 2,500
INHABITANTS OR MORE AND MCD'S WITH A
POPULATION OF 2,500 INHABITANTS OR MORE
IN 11 SELECTED STATES.
PLACES SPLIT BY HIGHER LEVELS OF
GEOGRAPHY WILL NOT HAVE A SEPARATE
MEASUREMENT FOR EACH PART; LAND AREA IS
PROVIDED FOR THE TOTAL PLACE ONLY
(SUMMARY LEVEL 27).
DECIMAL POINT IS SHOWN.
AREANAME 60 145 A
AREA NAME
Part 7
RECORD 01
SIZE/ DATA
NAME SCALE BEGIN TYPE
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
SUPFLGO1 1 205 A
TOTAL POPULATION
SUPPRESSION FLAG
A 1 IN THIS FIELD INDICATES SUPPRESSION
BECAUSE THERE ARE 1-14 PERSONS IN THE
GEOGRAPHIC AREA BEING SUMMARIZED. IT
WILL AFFECT THE FOLLOWING ITEM:
NUMBER OF PERSONS IN GROUP QUARTERS
(GROUPQ)
0 NO SUPPRESSION
1 SUPPRESSION
FILLER3 8 206 A
FILLER
SUPFLGO2 1 214 A
OCCUPIED HOUSING UNIT
SUPPRESSION FLAG
A 1 IN THIS FIELD INDICATES SUPPRESSION
BECAUSE THERE ARE 1-4 OCCUPIED HOUSING
UNITS IN THE GEOGRAPHIC AREA BEING
SUMMARIZED. THIS AFFECTS THE FOLLOWING
ITEMS:
NUMBER OF FAMILIES (FAMILIES)
NUMBER OF ONE-PERSON HOUSEHOLDS (ONEPERHH)
NUMBER OF OWNER-OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS
(OWNROCHU)
0 NO SUPPRESSION
1 SUPPRESSION
FILLER4 25 215 A
FILLER
SUPFLGO3 1 240 A
PER CAPITA INCOME
SUPPRESSION FLAG
A 1 IN THIS FIELD INDICATES SUPPRESSION
BECAUSE THERE ARE 1-29 PERSONS IN THE
GEOGRAPHIC AREA BEING SUMMARIZED. IT
WILL AFFECT THE FOLLOWING ITEM:
PER CAPITA INCOME (PCI)
0 NO SUPPRESSION
1 SUPPRESSION
PCI 12 241 N
PER CAPITA INCOME
(SAMPLE ESTIMATE)
SUPPRESSION FLAG 03 APPLIES
NEGATIVE NUMBERS MAY APPEAR IN THIS FIELD.
CELLS WITH NEGATIVE INCOME WILL HAVE A
"-" IN THE LEFTMOST POSITION, FOLLOWED BY
LEADING ZEROS.
TOTALPOP 9 253 N
TOTAL POPULATION
WHITE 9 262 N
WHITE POPULATION
BLACK 9 271 N
BLACK POPULATION
INDIAN 9 280 N
AMERICAN INDIAN, ESKIMO, AND ALEUT
POPULATION
ASIANPI 9 289 N
ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER POPULATION
(SEE FOOTNOTE 1).
OTHER 9 298 N
OTHER RACES POPULATION
(SEE FOOTNOTE 2).
SPANISH 9 307 N
PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN POPULATION
(SEE FOOTNOTE 3).
FAMILIES 9 316 N
NUMBER OF FAMILIES
SUPPRESSION FLAG 02 APPLIES
GROUPQ 9 325 N
NUMBER OF PERSONS IN GROUP QUARTERS
SUPPRESSION FLAG 01 APPLIES
ONEPERHH 9 334 N
NUMBER OF ONE PERSON HOUSEHOLDS
SUPPRESSION FLAG 02 APPLIES
HUNITS 9 343 N
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS
OCHUNITS 9 352 N
NUMBER OF OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS
OWNROCHU 9 361 N
NUMBER OF OWNER OCCUPIED HOUSING UNITS
SUPPRESSION FLAG 02 APPLIES
SAMPLPOP 9 370 N
TOTAL POPULATION
(SAMPLE ESTIMATE)
SAMPLEHU 9 379 N
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOUSING UNITS
(SAMPLE ESTIMATE)
FILLER5 3 388
FILLER
FOOTNOTE Section of Data Dictionary
01 "ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER," IN THE 100-PERCENT
TABULATIONS, INCLUDES "JAPANESE," "CHINESE,"
"FILIPINO," "KOREAN," "ASIAN INDIAN,"
"VIETNAMESE," "HAWAIIAN," "GUAMANIAN," AND
"SAMOAN."
"ASIAN AND PACIFIC ISLANDER," IN SAMPLE
TABULATIONS, INCLUDES THE GROUPS LISTED ABOVE AND
THOSE PERSONS WHO HAVE A WRITE-IN ENTRY OF AN
ASIAN OR PACIFIC ISLANDER GROUP IN THE "OTHER"
CATEGORY.
02 FOR DATA TABULATED ON A 100-PERCENT BASIS, INCLUDES
ALL PERSONS IN THE CATEGORY "OTHER." FOR DATA
TABULATED FROM THE SAMPLE, EXCLUDES THOSE PERSONS
WHO HAVE A WRITE-IN ENTRY OF AN ASIAN OR PACIFIC
ISLANDER GROUP IN THE "OTHER" CATEGORY.
03 PERSONS OF SPANISH ORIGIN MAY BE OF ANY RACE.
SPANISH ORIGIN INCLUDES MEXICAN, PUERTO RICAN,
CUBAN, AND OTHER SPANISH.
BUREAU OF CENSUS PRODUCT REVIEW
Summary Tape Files
Computer-readable data from the 1980 census include both summary data and
microdata. Summary data include Summary Tape Files (STF's) 1 to 5, which
are generally comparable to the First Count through Sixth Count files from
the 1970 census. In addition to the files in the STF series, other summary
data released by the Bureau include a P.L. 94-171 Population Counts file
used in reapportionment/redistricting, the Master Area Reference file which
provides geographic items from STF 1 and selected population and housing
items, and the Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Special File containing
two tables, one on detailed occupation by sex and another on years of school
completed by age and sex. All of these files contain data summarized to
various levels of geography. Microdata files, on the other hand, contain
disclosure-free household and person records from the census. These are
similar to the 1970 census public use sample files.
Summary Tape Files vary by level of geography, detail of information, and
whether they include 100-percent or sample data. STF's 1 and 2 provide data
based on the set of census questions asked of all persons and housing
units. STF's 3, 4, and 5 contain sample data or estimates based on the
responses of a sample of population and housing units. In 1980, the
sampling rate was 1 in 2 in governmental units estimated to have less than
2,500 inhabitants and 1 in 6 elsewhere. Overall, the sampling rate was
approximately 1 in 5. The bureau's 1977 population estimates were used to
determine the sampling rate for a given area.
STF 1 provides the maximum possible geographic detail available from the
census: data for individual blocks in block-numbered areas and for
enumeration districts outside block-numbered areas. The lowest level of
geography provided by STF 2 is the census tract, or minor civil
division/census county division (MCD/CCD) and places of 1,000 or more
inhabitants in nontracted areas. The lowest level for STF 3 is the block
group or enumeration district, while the smallest geographic unit for STF 4
is the census tract, or MCD/CCD and places of 2,500 or more inhabitants in
nontracted areas. STF 5 contains summaries for States, standard
metropolitan statistical areas (SMSA's), SMSA central cities, other places
of 50,000 or more inhabitants, and counties of 50,000 or more inhabitants.
STF's 1 to 5 each consist of multiple files, each file featuring specific
levels of geography. Figure 3 details the geographic levels on each STF.
For comparison purposes, STF 1 is similar in subject matter and geographic
detail to the First and Third Count files for 1970. STF's 2 and 4 are
roughly comparable to the 1970 Second and Fourth Counts, respectively. STF
3 is comparable to the 1970 Fifth Count, while STF 5 corresponds to the 1970
Sixth Count.
Figure 3 (STF1-3)
FIGURE 3
OVERVIEW OF PLANNED SUMMARY LEVELS
FOR 1980 CENSUS SUMMARY TAPE FILES
STF 1 STF 2 STF 3
SUMMAREA 1/ 2/ 100 Percent 100 Percent Sample
A B C D E F G A B C A B C D F G
United States...................... * * *
Region............................. * * *
Division........................... * * *
State.............................. * * * * * * * * * * * *
SCSA............................... * * *
SCSA within State.................. * * * *
SMSA............................... * * *
SMSA within State.................. * * * * * *
Urbanized Area..................... * * *
Urbanized Area within State........ * * * *
County within State................ * * * * * * * *
MCD (CCD) within County
within State..................... * * *
ED or BG within Tract (BMA)
within Place within MCD (CCD)
within County within State....... * *
County within SMSA
within State..................... * *
ED or Block within Tract (BMA)
within Tract (BMA) within
Place within MCD (CCD) within
County within SMSA within
State............................ *
Tract (BMA) within Place
within County within SMSA
within State..................... * *
ED or Block within Tract (BMA)
within Place within County
within SMSA within State......... *
Place within State................. * * * * * *
MCD (CCD) within State * *
Indian Reservation and
Alaskan Native Village........... *
Indian Reservation and
Alaskan Native Village
within County within
State............................ * *
Tract within County
within SMSA within State......... *
Congressional Districts
within State of the 97th
Congress......................... * * * *
Congressional Districts
within State of the 98th
Congress......................... *
ZIP code (5-digit) within
State............................ *
ZIP code (5-digit) within
County within SMSA within
State............................ *
County or Place or MCD within
Congressional District within
State............................ * *
North Dakota CCD within County..... *
School District.................... * *
County within School District...... * *
Neighborhood Publication Area...... * *
Neighborhood within
Neighborhood Publication Area.... * *
Figure 3 (STF 4-5, Summary)
OVERVIEW OF PLANNED SUMMARY LEVELS
FOR 1980 CENSUS SUMMARY TAPE FILES
STF 4 STF 5 Summary
SUMMAREA 1/ 2/ Sample Sample Level
A B C A C Codes 3/
United States...................... * * 01
Region............................. * * 02
Division........................... * * 03
State.............................. * * * * 04
SCSA............................... * * 05
SCSA within State.................. * * 06
SMSA............................... * * 07
SMSA within State.................. * * * * 08
Urbanized Area..................... * 09
Urbanized Area within State........ * * 10
County within State................ * * * 11
MCD (CCD) within County
within State..................... * 12
ED or BG within Tract (BMA)
within Place within MCD (CCD) 13, 14,
within County within State....... 15, & 16
County within SMSA
within State..................... * 17
ED or Block within Tract (BMA)
within Tract (BMA) within
Place within MCD (CCD) within
County within SMSA within 18,19,20,
State............................ 21, & 22
Tract (BMA) within Place
within County within SMSA
within State..................... * 23 & 24
ED or Block within Tract (BMA)
within Place within County
within SMSA within State......... 25 & 26
Place within State................. * * * 27
MCD (CCD) within State............. * 28
Indian Reservation and
Alaskan Native Village........... * 29
Indian Reservation and
Alaskan Native Village
within County within
State............................ * * 30 & 31
Tract within County
within SMSA within State......... * 32
Congressional Districts
within State of the 97th
Congress.........................$ 33
Congressional Districts
within State of the 98th
Congress......................... 33
ZIP code (5-digit) within
State............................ 35
ZIP code (5-digit) within
County within SMSA within
State............................ 36
County or Place or MCD within
Congressional District within
State............................ 37,38 & 39
North Dakota CCD within County..... 34
School District.................... 40
County within School District...... 41
Neighborhood Publication Area...... 42
Neighborhood within
Neighborhood Publication Area.... 43
Footnotes to Figure 3
1/ In addition to summary areas presented on the Summary Tape Files,
geographic area codes are included for areas such as Ward, State
Economic Area, District Office, Indian Subreservation, and Standard
Federal Administrative Region.
2/ Population size cutoffs for the presentation of Place level data in the
STF's are as follows:
STF 1A all places STF 3A all places
STF 1B all places STF 3B All 5-digit zip code areas
STF 1C 10,000 or more STF 3C 10,000 or more
STF 1D 10,000 or more
STF 2A 10,000 or more STF 4A 10,000 or more
STF 2B 1,000 or more STF 4B 2,500 or more
STF 2C 10,000 or more STF 4C 10,000 or more
STF 5 50,000 or more
3/ Multiple summary level codes for a Summary Area indicate a series of
very similar summary levels which are presented in identical STF files.
A specific listing is shown below of summary levels which are grouped
together from the chart. (A slash mark "/" is used to indicate
"within.")
Grouping 13, 14, 15, and 16:
13. Place/MCD (CCD)/County/State
14. Tract (BNA)/Place/MCD (CCD)/County/State
15. BG/Tract (BNA)/Place/MCD (CCD)/County/State
16. ED/Tract/Place/MCD (CCD)/County/State
Grouping 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22:
18. MCD (CCD)/County/SMSA/Stat
19. Place/MCD (CCD)/County/SMSA/State
20. Tract (BNA)/Place/MCD (CCD)/County/SMSA/State
21. Block/Tract (BNA)/Place/MCD (CCD)/County/SMSA/State
22. ED/Tract/Place/MCD (CCD)/County/SMSA/State
Grouping 23 and 24:
23. Place/County/SMSA/State
24. Tract (BNA)/Place/County/SMSA/State
Grouping 25 and 26:
25. Block/Tract (BNA)/Place/County/SMSA/State
26. ED/Tract/Place/County/SMSA/State
Grouping 30 and 31:
30. Indian Reservations and Alaska Native villages by State
31. Indian Reservations by County within State
Grouping 37, 38, and 39:
37. County/Congressional District/State
38. Place/Congressional District/State
39. MCD/Congressional District/State
To summarize, STF's 1 and 2 contain complete-count data, while STF's 3, 4
and 5 contain sample estimates. STF 1 contains more detailed geography but
less subject matter detail than STF 2. Similarly, STF 3 contains more
detailed geography but less subject matter detail than STF 4. Finally, STF
5 contains very detailed cross-tabulations of population and housing
characteristics aggregated to a higher level of geography than the other
files.
1980 CENSUS MAPS
Introduction
Users may need certain types of maps for the geographic areas they are
extracting from the files. To determine which maps best define the
different geographic areas, compare the geographic coverage of each file
(see Appendix A) with the description of each type of 1980 census map (see
below).
There are five basic map types used in conjunction with the summary tape
files: county maps, place maps, place-and-vicinity maps, American Indian
reservation maps, and Metropolitan Map Series (MMS) or Vicinity Map Series
(VMS). Ordering information for these maps may be obtained from Data User
Services Division, Customer Services (Maps), Bureau of the Census,
Washington, D.C. 20233.
All five map types have several characteristics in common:
--To improve legibility, most 1980 maps are at a larger scale than
were the comparable 1970 maps.
--Symbols used for the various boundaries are consistent for all
five types of maps.
--Names, identifying numbers, and boundaries are shown where
appropriate on all maps for counties and equivalent entities, minor
civil divisions (MCD's) or census county divisions (CCD's), places,
American Indian reservations and Alaska Native villages, census
tracts or block numbering areas (BNA's) where present, enumeration
districts (ED's) (in those areas which are not block numbered), and
blocks.
--All maps show metric, feet, and mile scales.
--All maps containing block-numbered areas are available from the
U.S. Government Printing Office.
The following paragraphs present a brief description of each type of census
map.
County Maps
County maps are the backbone of the Bureau's map coverage.
Theoretically, with a complete set of these maps the overall picture of the
census geographic framework for the entire United States and its possessions
is shown. Most maps in the county series are at a scale of 1 inch:1 mile.
Most county maps are created by superimposing boundaries for most areas for
which data are tabulated on base maps supplied by State transportation or
highway departments. There are approximately 5,500 county map sheets for
1980. The following geographic area boundaries are defined on county maps
where appropriate: State, county, minor civil divisions (MCD's) or census
county divisions (CCD's), places, American Indian reservations, census
tracts or block numbering areas (BNA's), and enumeration districts (ED's) or
numbered blocks. In addition, the locations of Alaska Native villages are
indicated. Counties which are totally covered by Metropolitan Map Sheets
(MMS) do not have separate county maps.
Place Maps
For places not covered on MMS or VMS sheets where most of the
development is contained within the corporate limits of a municipality or
within the boundaries established for a census designated place (CDP), the
Bureau uses place maps. The scale of the place maps varies from place to
place. As with the county maps, most are created by superimposing
boundaries for most areas for which data are tabulated on base maps supplied
by local or State governments. On the county map, shading is added to
indicate the area covered by the place map; i.e., the place map is regarded
as an inset to the county map. There are about 11,800 place map sheets for
1980. The geographic area boundaries defined on place maps are the same as
for county maps.
Place-and-Vicinity Maps
For places not covered on MMS or VMS sheets which
have areas of development outside the corporate limits of a municipality or
outside the boundaries established for a CDP, the Bureau uses
place-and-vicinity maps. Also included in this category are maps of places
which have parcels of land that are not part of the city but are completely
surrounded by the city and where two or more places appear on the same map
sheet. In all other respects, place-and-vicinity maps have the same
characteristics as place maps. As with the place maps, all area covered by
the place-and-vicinity map is shaded on the county map and the
place-and-vicinity map is considered to be an inset to the county map.
There are about 4,500 place-and-vicinity map sheets for 1980. The
geographic area boundaries defined on these maps are the same as those
specified for the county maps.
Indian Reservation Maps
The Census Bureau developed separate maps for 20
American Indian reservations which could not be depicted adequately on
county Maps; these maps are similar in format to county maps. There are
approximately 100 American Indian reservation maps and these maps are
special insets to the county maps. The geographic area boundaries defined
on these maps are the same as those specified for the county maps.
Metropolitan Map Series/Vicinity Map Series (MMS/VMS)
For the Nation's major built-up areas, the Bureau has developed its own maps
to provide uniform coverage of the densely settled portions of the counties
involved. these maps are referred to as the Metropolitan Map Series (MMS)
when the maps cover SMSA counties and as the Vicinity Map Series (VMS) when
the maps cover areas which are not in an SMSA. The predominant scale for the
MMS and VMS is 1 inch:1,600 feet. In selected areas with very dense
development, some sheets are at 1 inch:800 feet; conversely, some sparsely
settled areas are mapped at 1 inch:3,200 feet. The MMS and VMS are
considered to be insets to the county maps and the areas covered by MMS and
VMS are shaded on county maps. There are about 10,400 MMS and VMS sheets for
1980. (In a few instances, these map sheets entirely cover a county, in
which case no separate county map exists.) The geographic area boundaries
defined on the MMS are the same as those specified for county maps, but also
include urbanized areas.
In addition to the five types of "outline" maps described above, there are a
number of maps that are prepared and published as part of the various report
series. As was the case with the maps previously described, the maps
included in the printed reports share common characteristics. Both metric
and mile scales are shown. Map scale and content are similar to 1970 except
where noted below; however, presentation has been improved to make the maps
more readable and consistent from series to series.
The County Subdivision Map Series consists of at least one map page for each
State showing the names and boundaries for the State, each component county
or equivalent entity, minor civil divisions (MCD's) or census county
divisions (CCD's), and all places, both incorporated and census designated.
For most States, the scale of the maps requires that they be presented in
sections. For 1980, the boundaries (not just the locations) of places with
fewer than 2,500 inhabitants are shown for the first time. In addition, the
name(s) of adjoining State(s) are shown along with a mark to indicate where
the State boundaries intersect. These maps, which are based on the State
base maps of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Mapping Program
appear in PC80-1-A. Single-sheet versions of the county subdivision map
series are published at the USGS scale of 1:500,000 (1 inch equals about 8
miles) for most States except Alaska and the outlying areas, and may be
fitted together to form multi-State maps. For those States in which
American Indian reservations or Alaska Native villages are located, a
special version of the county subdivision map showing these entities appears
in PC80-1-B and HC80-1-A.
The Urbanized Area Outline Map Series consists of one or more map sheets for
each urbanized area (UA) defined on the basis of 1980 census results. The
names and boundaries of all States, counties, MCD's/CCD's, and places on
each map are shown, plus the extent of territory defined as "urbanized."
These maps appear in PC80-1-A and HC80-1-A. In 1980, the report for each
State containing part of a multi-State UA includes the map for the entire UA.
The State SCSA/SMSA Map Series shows county names and boundaries, names and
locations of all places with a population of 25,000 or more or designated as
the central city of an SMSA, and names and boundaries of standard
consolidated statistical areas (SCSA's) and standard metropolitan
statistical areas (SMSA's) in the State. For 1980, the name of the capital
of the State is underlined. These maps appear in PC80-1-A, B, C, D;
HC80-1-A, B; and HC80-2.
The Census Tract Outline Map Series covers each of the areas for which
tracts have been defined in 1980. These maps show the boundaries and code
identification number for each tract; the names of streets or other features
used as census tract boundaries; and the names and boundaries for counties,
MCD/CCD's, and all places (not just those over 25,000 as in 1970). Street
detail within the tracts is not shown. Separate insets of larger scale than
the base maps are included for densely developed areas; however, fewer
insets are used than in 1970. Scale varies from map to map. For 1980,
tract outline maps were prepared for tracted counties outside SMSA's. These
maps are published in PHC80-2 Census Tracts (Maps) and should appear
slightly ahead of the printed reports, PHC80-2 Census Tracts.
Map sets were printed for all block-numbered areas, grouped by SMSA and the
nonSMSA remainder of each State. In addition to printed copies of the
county, place, place-and-vicinity, and Metropolitan Map Series/Vicinity Map
Series (MMS/VMS) sheets having block-numbered areas, there is an index map
depicting the extent of the block-numbered area for the SMSA and State. The
SMSA Index to Block-Numbered Areas Maps show the extent of the SMSA; county,
MCD/CCD, and place names and boundaries; and the extent of block-numbered
area within the SMSA shown by means of shading. The State Index to
Block-Numbered Areas Maps were prepared by superimposing the extent of all
block-numbered areas in the State over the county subdivision map. This
index map also shows the boundaries of the SMSA(s) in the State so that the
reader can determine whether the data for any block-numbered area in the
State are available with the SMSA tabulations or the remainder-of-State
tabulations.
SAMPLING AN NONSAMPLING ERRORS
Certain numbers in this file (per capita income, estimates of total persons
and housing units) are based on a sample of questionnaire responses. These
data are estimates of the actual figures that would have resulted from a
complete count and can be expected to vary from the complete-count result.
These estimates contain some amount of chance error and are subject to
sampling variability as well as nonsampling error. A detailed discussion of
the 1980 census sample design and of the sample variability of these
estimates may be found in Appendix D of any PC80-1-C report, General Social
and Economic Characteristics of the Population. In general, sample
estimates of total population and housing units will differ from the
corresponding complete census counts for geographic areas not composed of
entire counties. When summed to the county level, however, these counts
should agree.
The remaining 1980 census population and housing counts shown in this file
were tabulated from the entries for persons on all questionnaires, these
counts are not subject to sampling error. However, in any large-scale
statistical operation such as a decennial census, human and mechanical
errors do occur. These errors are commonly referred to as nonsampling
errors. Such errors include failure to include every household or person in
the universe, not obtaining all required information from respondents,
obtaining incorrect or inconsistent information, and recording information
incorrectly. Errors can also occur during the field review of the
enumerators' work, the clerical handling of the census questionnaires, or
the electronic processing of the questionnaires.
In an attempt to reduce various types of nonsampling errors in the 1980
census, a number of techniques were introduced on the basis of experience in
previous censuses and in tests conducted prior to the census. These quality
control and review measures were utilized throughout the data collection and
processing phases of the census to reduce undercoverage of the population
and housing units and to keep the errors at a minimum. As was done after
the 1950, 1960, and 1970 censuses, there were programs at the conclusion of
the 1980 census to measure various aspects of the quality achieved in the
census. Reports on many aspects of the 1980 census evaluation program will
be published as soon as the appropriate data are accumulated and analyzed.
A major component of the evaluation work is to ascertain, insofar as
possible, the degree of completeness of the count of persons and housing
units. The Census Bureau has estimated that the 1970 census did not count
2.5 percent of the population. For 1980, the Census Bureau's extensive
evaluation program encompassed a number of different approaches to the task
of estimating the coverage of the census. Although these studies have not
been completed, at the time of this file's release, preliminary estimates
indicate that the rate of undercoverage in the 1980 census was reduced from
1970 census levels.
EDITING AND ALLOCATION OF DATA ITEMS
The objective of the census processing operation is to produce a set of
statistics that describes the population as accurately and clearly as
possible. To meet this objective, certain unacceptable entries and blank
items were edited.
Editing. In the field, questionnaires were reviewed for omissions and
certain inconsistencies by a census clerk or an enumerator and, if
necessary, a followup was made for missing information. In addition, a
similar review of questionnaires was done in the central processing
offices. As a rule, however, editing was performed by hand only when it
could not be done effectively by machine.
As one of the first steps in computerized editing, the configuration of
marks on the questionnaire column was scanned electronically to determine
whether it contained information for a person or merely spurious marks. If
the column contained entries for at least two of the basic characteristics
(relationship, sex, race, age, marital status, Spanish origin), the
inference was made that the marks represented a person. In cases in which
two or more basic characteristics were available for only a portion of the
people in the unit, other information on the questionnaire provided by an
enumerator was used to determine the total number of persons. Names were
not used as a criterion of the presence of a person because the electronic
scanning was unable to distinguish an entry in the name space.
Allocation. Allocations, or assignments of acceptable codes in place of
unacceptable entries, are needed most often when an entry for a given item
is lacking or when the information reported for a person or housing unit on
that item is inconsistent with other information for the person or housing
unit. The usefulness of the data is considered to be enhanced through the
assignment of acceptable codes in place of blanks or unacceptable entries.
For housing data, the assignment is based on related information reported
for the housing unit or on information reported for a similar unit in the
immediate neighborhood. For example, if tenure for an occupied unit is
omitted but a rental amount is reported for that unit, the computer edits
tenure to "rented for cash rent." On the other hand, if the unit is
reported as rented but the amount of rent is missing, the computer assigns
the rent from the preceding renter-occupied unit that had a rental amount
reported.
The general procedure for changing unacceptable population entries is to
assign an entry for a person that is consistent with entries for other
persons with similar characteristics. Thus, a person who is reported as a
20-year old son of the householder but for whom marital status is not
reported, is assigned the same marital status as that of the last son
processed in the same age group. The allocation technique may be
illustrated by the procedure used in the assignment for an unknown age. The
process is carried out in the following steps:
1. The computer stores reported ages of persons by selected
characteristics, including sex, relationship, marital status, and
characteristics of other household members.
2. Each stored age is retained in the computer only until a person
having the same set of characteristics and with age reported is
processed through the computer in the edit operation. Then the age
of this succeeding person is substituted for the age previously
stored.
3. When a person processed has no report of age, or the entry is
unacceptable, the age assigned to him or her is that which was
stored for the last person who otherwise has the same set of
characteristics.
Substitution. The editing process also includes another type of correction,
namely the assignment of a full set of characteristics for a person or a
housing unit. The assignment of the full set of housing characteristics
occurs when there is no housing information available. If the housing unit
is determined to be occupied, the housing characteristics are assigned from
the previously processed occupied units. If the housing unit is vacant, the
housing characteristics are assigned from the previously processed vacant
unit.
The assignment of a full set of characteristics for a person in a household
containing no information for all or most of the people, although persons
were known to be present, is done in the following manner. A previously
processed household is selected as a substitute and the full set of
population characteristics for each substituted person is duplicated. These
duplications fall into two classes: (1) "persons substituted due to
noninterview," e.g., a housing unit indicated as occupied but the occupants
are not listed on the questionnaire, and (2) "persons substituted due to
mechanical failure," e.g., where the questionnaire page on which persons are
listed was not properly microfilmed.
The editing process ensures that the distribution of characteristics for
persons and housing units assigned by the computer corresponds closely to
the distribution of characteristics for persons and housing units actually
reported in the census. Before the advent of the computer, this type of
process was not feasible and the distribution of characteristics to be used
for assignment purposes was drawn from the preceding census or another
source.
Specific tolerances are established for the number of computer allocations
and substitutions that are permitted. If the number of corrections is
beyond tolerance, the questionnaires in which the errors occurred are
clerically reviewed. If it is found that the errors resulted from damaged
questionnaires, from improper microfilming, from faulty reading by FOSDIC
(Film Optical Sensing Device for Input to Computers) of undamaged
questionnaires, or from other types of machine failure, the questionnaires
are reprocessed.
GLOSSARY
Introduction
Concept Definitions
The following definitions were taken from the 1980 Census of Population and
Housing Users' Guide. Since the items described here are only those which
appear in MARF 2, there may be references to other terms which are not
defined in this glossary. A complete glossary is available in the Users'
Guide.
A-B
ALASKA NATIVE VILLAGES. Alaska Native villages constitute tribes, bands,
clans, groups, villages, communities, or associations in Alaska which were
listed in sections 11 and 16 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act,
Public Law 92-203, or which met the requirements of the Act and which the
Secretary of Interior determined were, on the 1970 census enumeration date
(April 1), composed of 25 or more Alaska Natives. This list was reviewed
and updated for the Census Bureau by the State of Alaska prior to the 1980
census, to specifically identify only those entities that were legally
recognized as Alaska Native villages.
Data summaries for Alaska Native villages are included in STF's 2B, 2C, 4B,
and 4C, and reports PC80-1-B and -C and HC80-1-A and -B. Population and
housing counts for Alaska Native villages are scheduled to be included in a
supplementary report (PC80-S1 series). In addition, a population subject
report (PC80-2 series), featuring additional data on Alaska Native villages
is also planned. Data for each Alaska Native village can be derived from
MARF, MARF 2, STF 1A, and STF 3A by identifying the component ED(s), and
summarizing the data should multiple ED's be involved. (NOTE- Eklutna
Native Village is in a blocked area; therefore, data can be derived from
block group (BG) summaries for the village.) Each Alaska Native village has
been assigned a unique 3-digit code by the Bureau which appears in the
reservation code field.
Alaska Native villages will be identified on the Alaska subdivision maps in
the PC80-1-B and HC80-1-A reports. Alaska Native villages are also shown on
Metropolitan Map Series, place, and county maps. It should be noted that
Alaska Native villages do not have boundaries that are defined by legal
descriptions, and therefore the boundaries shown on the census maps are only
indicative of the approximate extent of a village; for those that correspond
to a city or census designated place, the limits of such places are
construed to coincide with the extent of the Alaska Native village.
Historical comparability: Data are not available from previous censuses for
Alaska Native villages. Some cities and "unincorporated places" (referred
to as "census designated places" in 1980) which were identified in the 1970
census may correspond to 1980 Alaska Native villages, but may not have
identical boundaries.
FIGURE 4
-------------------- MCD STATES -------------------
(4)
(1) (2) (3) DATA PUBLISHED
CCD PRINCIPAL, MCD'S MAY SPLIT FOR MCD's,
UNITED STATES STATE TYPE OF MCD BLOCKS 1/ AS FOR PLACES 2/
ALABAMA X
ALASKA 3/ Census subarea
ARIZONA X
ARKANSAS Township
CALIFORNIA X
COLORADO X
CONNECTICUT Town X X
DELAWARE X
DIST. OF COLUMBIA Quadrant
FLORIDA X
GEORGIA X
HAWAII X
IDAHO X
ILLINOIS Township X
INDIANA Township X
IOWA Township
KANSAS Township X
KENTUCKY X
LOUISIANA Policy jury ward
MAINE Town X X
MARYLAND Election
district
MASSACHUSETTS Town X X
MICHIGAN Township X X
MINNESOTA Township X
MISSISSIPPI Superv.
district
MISSOURI Township X
MONTANA X
NEBRASKA Township X
NEVADA
