Scientific Data Documentation
Multiple Cause Mortality, 1997
DSN: CC36.MCMORT97
CC36.MCMORT97.PS
DOCUMENTATION OF THE MORTALITY TAPE FILE FOR 1997 DATA
*SPECIAL NOTICE
EFFECTIVE WITH 1997 DATA, AMERICAN SAMOA RECORDS ARE INCLUDED IN THE
TERRITORIES' PUBLIC-USE FILE
THE DATA YEAR IS NO LONGER LOCATED IN POSITIONS 1-2 OF EACH RECORD.
A FOUR-DIGIT DATA YEAR IS NOW LOCATED IN POSITIONS 115-118.
THE GEOGRAPHIC CODES WERE CHANGED EFFECTIVE WITH 1996 DATA TO REFLECT
THE RESULTS OF THE 1990 CENSUS
MORTALITY TAPE FILE DOCUMENTATION
This tape documentation was prepared in the Division of Vital Statistics.
Gail Parr of the Systems Programming and Statistical Resources Branch
was responsible for developing the mortality documentation. Sherry
Murphy of the Mortality Statistics Branch coordinated preparation of the
Technical Appendix. The Registration Methods Staff and the Technical
Services Branch provided consultation to the State vital statistics offices
regarding collection of death certificate data.
Questions concerning the documentation or general questions concerning
the mortality file should be directed to the Systems Programming and
Statistical Resources Branch, Division of Vital Statistics, NCHS, 6525
Belcrest Road, Room 888, Hyattsville, MD 20782 (301-436-8900).
Questions concerning the Technical Appendix or substantive questions
concerning the mortality data should be directed to the Mortality Statistics
Branch, Division of Vital Statistics, NCHS, 6525 Belcrest Road, Room 840,
Hyattsville, MD 20782 (301-436-8884).
* The Detail file's records encompass the first 159 characters of the
Multiple Cause file's records. Detail file users need to refer to
the Multiple Cause file documentation item descriptions for tape
positions 1-159. Please note that for all files, the data year is no
longer in positions 1-2. A four-digit data year is now in positions
115-118. Other items'text descriptions have been updated or modified.
Table of Contents
I. Introduction
II. Data file characteristics
III. Tape format and variable definition
IV. Multiple Cause Data
A. Entity Axis Codes
B. Record Axis Codes
V. Additional information
VI. List of data elements and tape locations
VII. Multiple Cause-of-Death record layout
VIII.Geographic code outline
IX. Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Metropolitan
Statistical Areas as adapted for use by NCHS/DVS
X. Control total tables 1-10
XI. Titles and recodes for the 282, 72, 61, 52, and 34 cause-of-death
lists
XII. Technical Appendix for 1995 along with the 1997 addendum
SYMBOLS USED IN TABLES
Symbol Explanation
--- Data not available
... Category not applicable
- Quantity zero
0.0 Quantity more than 0 but less than 0.05
* Figure does not meet standards of reliability or precision
Documentation of the Multiple Cause-of-Death Public-Use File for 1997 Data
I. Introduction
Data on causes of death are released by NCHS in a variety of ways including
published reports, special tabulations to answer data requests, and public-use
data tapes. Since the inception of the multiple cause-of-death program in
1968, a public-use tape file has been released for each data year. Each file
contains a data record for all deaths processed by NCHS. Each data record
contains underlying cause, multiple cause, and demographic data for a death.
With the exception of calendar years 1972, 1981 and 1982, all deaths
occurring annually in the United States are processed. In 1972, underlying
and multiple cause data were coded and processed for only 50 percent of the
deaths occurring in each State. In 1981 and 1982, multiple cause data were
coded on a 50 percent sample basis for deaths occurring in 19 registration
areas. The registration areas are the 50 States, New York City and the
District of Columbia. The 50 percent sample States are identified in the
documentation of the 1981 and 1982 files. For the remaining 33 registration
areas, multiple cause data were processed on a 100 percent basis. In 1981
and 1982, underlying cause, demographic, and geographic data were
processed for every death occurring in every State; however the multiple
cause-of-death public-use tape contains only those records where the multiple
cause field is also coded. A public-use tape containing underlying cause,
demographic, and geographic data for every death in the United States is
available but contains no multiple cause data.
This document is intended to provide guidance to the consumer in accessing
and utilizing the multiple cause-of-death public-use tape file for 1997. It
provides the technical data processing information necessary to access the
tapes and the classification structure and coding rules applied to create each
variable on the file such that the user can readily assess relevance at varying
levels of detail to his/her own particular research. Additionally, it conveys the
characteristics of the multiple cause files sufficient to guide the user in
analyzing and interpreting multiple cause data. The user is alerted to certain
pitfalls of interpretation; and the appropriateness of each type of multiple
cause data to given applications is discussed. Control totals are also provided
for comparison with user generated counts for 1997 data.
A revised U.S. Standard Certificate of Death was recommended for State use
beginning on January 1, 1989. Among the changes were the addition of a
new item on educational attainment and changes to improve the medical
certification of cause of death. In addition, for the first time, the U.S. Standard
Certificate of Death includes a question on the Hispanic origin of the
decedent. Previously a number of States had included an Hispanic-origin
identifier on their certificates. A change was also made in the format of the
item to obtain information on type of place of death from an open-ended
question to a checkbox.
The Office of Management and Budget revised its designation of metropolitan
statistical areas based on figures from the 1990 Census. For the 1990
through 1993 data files, NCHS has been using these new definitions and
codes as indicated in the listing of 320 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs),
Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas (PMSAs), and New England County
Metropolitan Areas (NECMAs) included in the documentation for those years.
There are also 20 Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas (CMSAs) which
are made up of PMSAs. Because other geographic changes based on the
1990 Census became effective with the 1994 data file, the metropolitan
statistical area designations were updated as well. Effective with the 1994
data file, there are 311 MSA's, PMSA's, and NECMA's; and 18 CMSA's as
indicated in the listing included with this documentation.
NCHS has adopted a new policy on release of vital statistics unit record data
files. This new policy was implemented for the 1989 vital event files to prevent
the inadvertent disclosure of individuals and institutions. As a result, the files
for 1989 and later years do not contain the actual day of the death or the date
of birth of the decedent. The geographic detail is also restricted; only counties
and cities of 100,000 or more population based on the 1990 census, as well
as metropolitan areas of 100,000 or more population based on the 1990
Census are identified.
II. Data File Characteristics
Each record on the annual tape files contains two multiple cause-of-death
fields which have been coded using ICD-9. In addition, underlying cause,
demographic, and geographic detail data accompany the multiple cause-of-
death data. The tape files contain the complete level of detail coded by NCHS
except where precluded by confidentiality restrictions or lack of data reliability.
Specifications for the 1997 tape files are as follows:
File Organization: Multiple files, multiple reels
Record Type: Blocked, fixed format
Record Length: 440
Blocksize: 26400
U.S. DATA SET:
1. Record count: 2,317,586
2. Data counts: a. By occurrence: 2,317,586
b. By residence: 2,314,245
c. To foreign residents: 3,341
PUERTO RICO, VIRGIN ISLANDS, GUAM, AND AMERICAN SAMOA DATA SET:
1. Record count: 30,848
PUERTO RICO:
2. Data counts: a. By occurrence: 29,120
b. By residence 28,963
VIRGIN ISLANDS:
2. Data counts: a. By occurrence: 608
b. By residence: 620
GUAM:
2. Data Counts: a. By occurrence: 863
b. By residence: 615
AMERICAN SAMOA:
2. Data Counts: a. By occurrence: 257
b. By residence: 257
1. The data were processed using the PL/1 language on an IBM 3081.
2. The last block for the data year may be a short block.
3. The data are recorded in IBM/EBCDIC 8-bit code for each character.
4. Codes may be numeric, alphabetic, or blank (Hex 40).
5. A code "z" is the EBCDIC code for the letter "z".
6. A code "&" is the EBCDIC code for an ampersand (a punched card
code 12).
III. Tape Format and Variable Definition
The attached record layout provides documentation of variables, variable
categories, and variable location on the multiple cause-of-death public-
use tapes. It is noted that the following material, while used in the
processing of mortality data, is not included in this package:
A. Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases,
Injuries, and the Cause-of-Death, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) Volumes 1
and 2.
B. NCHS Instruction Manual Data Preparation Part 2a, Vital Statistics
Instructions for Classifying the Underlying Cause-of-Death, 1995.
C. NCHS Instruction Manual Data Preparation, Part 2b, Vital Statistics
Instructions for Classifying Multiple Cause-of-Death, 1995.
D. NCHS Instruction Manual Data Preparation, Part 2c, Vital Statistics
ICD-9 ACME Decision Tables for Classifying Underlying Causes-of-
Death, 1995.
E. NCHS Instruction Manual Data Preparation, Part 2d, Vital Statistics
NCHS Procedures for Mortality Medical Data System file Preparation
and Maintenance, Effective 1979.
F. NCHS Instruction Manual Data Tabulation, Part 2f, Vital Statistics ICD-
9 TRANSAX Disease Reference Tables for Classifying Multiple
Causes-of-Death, 1982-95.
G. NCHS Instruction Manual Data Preparation, Part 4, Vital Statistics
Demographic Classification and Coding Instructions for Death Records,
1997.
H. NCHS Instruction Manual Tabulation, Part 11, Vital Statistics Computer
Edits for Mortality Data, Effective 1990.
These documents describe in detail the rules employed for demographic and
medical classification on death records. Volumes 1 and 2 of the ICD-9 may
be purchased from WHO Publication Center USA, 49 Sheridan Avenue,
Albany, New York, 12210. The remaining documents (Items B-H), while not
absolutely essential to the proper interpretation of the data for a number of
general applications, should nevertheless be studied carefully prior to any
detailed analysis of demographic or medical data variables. In particular,
there are a number of exceptions to the ICD rules in multiple cause-of-death
coding which, if not treated properly, may result in faulty analysis of the data.
Users who do not already have access to these documents may request them
from the Chief, Data Preparation Branch, Division of Data Processing,
National Center for Health Statistics, P.O. Box 12214, Research Triangle
Park, North Carolina 27709.
In addition, the user should refer to the Technical Appendices of the Vital
Statistics of the United States for information on the source of data, coding
procedures, quality of the data, etc. Technical Appendix information is
enclosed.
IV. Multiple Cause Data
The original scheme for coding conditions contained on the death certificate
was designed with two objectives in mind. First, to facilitate etiological studies
of the relationships among conditions, it was necessary to reflect accurately in
coded form each condition and its location on the certification in the exact
manner given by the certifier. Secondly, the codification needed to be carried
out in a manner by which the underlying cause-of-death could be assigned
through computer applications. The approach was to suspend the linkage
provisions of the ICD for the purpose of condition coding and code each entity
with minimum regard to other conditions present on the certification. This
general approach is hereafter called entity coding.
Unfortunately, the set of multiple cause codes produced by entity coding is not
conducive to a third objective -- the generation of person based multiple cause
statistics. Person based analysis requires that each condition be coded within
the context of every other condition on the same certificate and modified or
linked to such conditions as provided by ICD-9. By definition, the entity data
cannot meet this requirement since the linkage provisions distort the character
and placement of the information originally recorded by the certifying
physician.
Since the two objectives are incompatible, DVS has chosen to create from the
original set of entity codes a new code set called record axis multiple cause
data. Essentially, the axis of classification has been converted from a entity
basis to a record (or person) basis. The record axis codes are assigned in
terms of the set of codes that best describe the overall medical certification
portion of the death certificate.
This translation is accomplished by a computer system called TRANSAX
(TRANSLATION OF AXIS) through selective use of traditional linkage and
modification rules for mortality coding. Underlying cause linkages which
simply prefer one code over another for purposes of underlying cause
selection are not included. Each entity code on the record is examined and
modified or deleted as necessary to create a set of codes which are free of
contradictions and are the most precise within the constraints of ICD-9 and
medical information on the record. Repetitive codes are deleted. The process
may (1) combine two entity axis categories together to a new category thereby
eliminating a contradiction or standardizing the data; or (2) eliminate one
category in favor of another to promote specificity of the data or resolve
contradictions. The following examples from ICD-9 illustrate the effect of
this translation:
Case 1:
When reported on the same record as separate entities, cirrhosis
of liver and alcoholism are coded to 5715 (cirrhosis of liver
without mention of alcohol) and 303 (alcohol dependence syndrome).
Tabulation of records with 5715 would on the surface falsely imply
that such records had no mention of alcohol. A preferable codification
would be 5712 (alcoholic cirrhosis of liver) in lieu of both 5715 and
303.
Case 2:
If "gastric ulcer" and "bleeding gastric ulcer" are reported on a
record they are coded to 5319 (gastric ulcer, unspecified as acute or
chronic, without mention of hemorrhage or perforation) and 5314
(gastric ulcer, chronic or unspecified, with hemorrhage). A more
concise codification would be to code 5314 only since the 5314 shows
both the gastric ulcer and the bleeding.
A. Entity Axis Codes
The original conditions coded for selection of the underlying cause-of-death
are reformatted and edited prior to creating the public-use tape. The following
paragraphs describe the format and application of entity axis data.
FORMAT: Each entity-axis code is displayed as an overall seven byte code
with subcomponents as follows:
1. Line indicator: The first byte represents the line of the certificate on
which the code appears. Six lines (1-6) are allowable
with the fourth and fifth denoting one or two written in
"due to"s beyond the three lines provided in Part I of the
U.S. standard death certificate. Line "6" represents Part
II of the certificate.
2. Position indicator: The next byte indicates the position of the code on
the line, i.e., it is the first (1), second (2), third (3) ....
eighth (8) code on the line.
3. Cause category: The next four bytes represent the ICD-9 cause code.
4. Nature of injury flag: ICD-9 uses the same series of numbers (800-999)
to indicate nature of injury (N codes) and external
cause codes (E codes). This flag distinguishes
between the two with a one (1) representing nature
of injury codes and a zero (0) representing all other
cause codes.
A maximum of 20 of these seven byte codes are captured on a record for
multiple cause purposes. This may consist of a maximum of 8 codes on any
given line with up to 20 codes distributed across three or more lines
depending on where the subject conditions are located on the certificate.
Codes may be omitted from one or more lines, e.g., line 1 with one or more
codes, line 2 with no codes, line 3 with one or more codes.
In writing out these codes, they are ordered as follows: line 1 first code, line 1
second code, etc. ----- line 2 first code, line 2 second code, etc. ----- line 3 ----
line 4 ----- line 5 ----- line 6. Any space remaining in the field is left blank.
The specifics of locations are contained in the record layout given later in this
document.
EDIT: The original conditions are edited to remove invalid codes, reverify the
coding of certain rare causes of death, and assure age/cause and sex/cause
compatibility. Detailed information relating to the edit criteria and the sets of
cause codes which are valid to underlying cause coding and multiple cause
coding are provided in part II of the NCHS Vital Statistics Instruction Manual
Series. Table 2, Number of Resident Deaths Tabulated by Mention of an
Underlying Cause, Record Axis Multiple Cause, or Entity Axis Multiple Cause-
of-Death by ICD-9 Category, provides a summary list of valid underlying cause
and multiple cause codes.
ENTITY AXIS APPLICATIONS: The entity axis multiple cause data set is
appropriate to analyses which require that each condition be coded as a stand
alone entity without linkage to other conditions and/or require information on
the placement of such conditions in the certificate. Within this framework, the
entity data are appropriate to the examination of etiological relationships
among conditions, accuracy of certification reporting, and the validity of
traditional assumptions in underlying cause selection. Additionally, the entity
data provide in certain categories a more detailed code assignment which is
linked out in the creation of record axis data. Where such detail is needed for
a study, the user should selectively employ entity data. Finally, the researcher
may not wish to be bound by the assumptions used in the axis translation
process preferring rather to investigate hypotheses of his own predilection.
By definition, the main limitation of entity axis data is that an entity code does
not necessarily reflect the best code for a condition when considered within
the context of the medical certification as a whole. As a result certain entity
codes can be misleading or even contradict other codes in the record. For
example, category 5750 is titled "Acute cholecystitis without mention of
calculus". Within the framework of entity codes this is interpreted to mean that
the codable entity itself contained no mention of calculus rather than that
calculus was not mentioned anywhere on the record. Tabulation of records
with a "5750" as a count of persons having acute cholecystitis without mention
of calculus would therefore be erroneous. This illustrates the fact that under
entity coding the ICD-9 titles cannot be taken literally. The user must study
the rules for entity coding as they relate to his/her research prior to utilization
of entity data. The user is further cautioned that the inclusion notes in ICD-9
which relate to modifying and combining categories are seldom applicable to
entity coding (except where provided in Part 2b of the Vital Statistics
Instruction Manual Series).
In tabulating the entity axis data, one may count codes with the resultant
tabulation of an individual code representing the number of times the
disease(s) represented by the code appears in the file. In this kind of
tabulation of morbid condition prevalence, the counts among categories may
be added together to produce counts for groups of codes. Alternatively,
subject to the limitations given above, one may count persons having mention
of the disease represented by a code or codes. In this instance it is not
correct to add counts for individual codes to create person counts for groups
of codes. Since more than one code in the researcher's interest may appear
together on the certificate, totaling must account for higher order interactions
among codes. Up to 20 codes may be assigned on a record; therefore, a 20-
way interaction is theoretically possible. All totaling must be based on mention
of one or more of the categories under investigation.
B. Record Axis Codes
The following paragraphs describe the format and application of record-axis
data. Part 2f of the Vital Statistics Instruction Manual Series describes the
TRANSAX process for creating record axis data from entity axis data.
FORMAT: Each record (or person) axis code is displayed in five bytes.
Location information is not relevant. The Code consists of the following
components:
1. Cause category: The first four bytes represent the ICD-9 cause code.
2. Nature of injury flag: The last byte contains a 0 or 1 with the 1 indicating
that the cause is a nature of injury category.
Again, a maximum of 20 codes are captured on a record for multiple cause
purposes. The codes are written in a 100-byte field in ascending code
number (5 bytes) order with any unused bytes left blank.
EDIT: The record axis codes are edited for rare causes and age/cause and
sex/cause compatibility. Likewise, individual code validity is checked. The
valid code set for record axis coding is the same as that for entity coding.
RECORD AXIS APPLICATIONS: The record axis multiple cause data set is
the basis for NCHS core multiple cause tabulations. Location of codes is not
relevant to this data set and conditions have been linked into the most
meaningful categories for the certification. The most immediate consequence
for the user is that the codes on the record already represent mention of a
disease assignable to that particular ICD-9 category. This is in contrast to the
entity code which is assigned each time such a disease is reported on two
different lines of the certification. Secondly, the linkage implies that
within the constraints of ICD-9 the most meaningful code has been assigned.
The translation process creates for the user a data set which is edited for
contradictions, duplicate codes, and imprecisions. In contrast to entity axis
data, record axis data are classified in a manner comparable to underlying
cause of death classification thereby facilitating joint analysis of these
variables. Likewise, they are comparable to general morbidity coding where
the linkage provisions of ICD-9 are usually utilized. A potential disadvantage
of record axis data is that some detail is sacrificed in a number of the
linkages.
The user can take the record axis codes as literally representing the
information conveyed in ICD-9 category titles. While knowledge of the rules
for combining and linking and coding conditions is useful, it is not a
prerequisite to meaningful analysis of the data as long as one is willing to
accept the assumptions of the axis translation process. The user is cautioned,
however, that due to special rules in mortality coding, not all linkage notes
in ICD-9 are utilized. (See Part 2f of the Vital Statistics Instruction Manual
Series.)
The user should proceed with caution in using record axis data to count
conditions as opposed to people with conditions since linkages have been
invoked and duplicate codes have been eliminated. As with entity data,
person based tabulations which combine individual cause categories must
take into account the possible interaction of up to 20 codes on a single
certificate.
V. Additional Information
In using the NCHS multiple cause data tapes, the user is urged to review the
information in this document and its references. The instructional material
does change from year to year and revision to revision. The user is cautioned
that coding of specific ICD-9 categories should be checked in the appropriate
instruction manual. What may appear on the surface to be the correct code
by ICD-9 may in fact not be correct as given in the instruction manuals.
If on the surface it is not obvious whether entity axis or record axis data should
be employed in a given application, detailed examination of Part 2f of the Vital
Statistics Instruction Manual Series and its attachments will probably provide
the necessary information to make a decision. It allows the user to determine
the extent of the trade-offs between the two sets of data in terms of specific
categories and the assumption of axis translation. In certain situations, a
combination of entity and record axis data may be the more appropriate
alternative.
Several basic tabulations of data from selected variables contained on this
tape have been produced and are included with this document as an aid to the
user in determining if his own tabulations are correct. For verification of
multiple cause-of-death data at the "each cause" level of detail, Table 1
provides counts of the number of deaths on which a given ICD-9 category is
mentioned as the underlying cause-of-death, a record axis multiple cause-of-
death, and an entity axis multiple cause-of-death, respectively. The counts for
the record axis multiple cause-of-death field are divided into two distinct
subtotals: (1) "total mention" and (2) "secondary". Secondary is defined as
any code which is present in the record axis field but is not the underlying
cause-of-death. Tables 2-7 provide additional control totals for the three
cause-of-death fields by age, race, and sex. Tables 8-10 ignore cause-of-
death and provide control totals based on age, race, sex, State of residence,
State of occurrence, and month. Tables 1-9 are based on resident deaths in
the United States (excludes deaths to non-residents). Table 10 is based upon
deaths occurring in the United States (includes deaths to foreign residents).
For help with questions concerning multiple cause-of-death analysis, please
refer to the following publications:
National Center for Health Statistics. Multiple causes of death in the
United States. Monthly vital statistics report; vol 32 no 10, suppl.(2).
Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service, 1984.
Chamblee, R.F. and Evans, M.C. TRANSAX: The NCHS system for producing
multiple cause-of-death statistics, 1968-78. Vital and Health Statistics.
Series 1, no 20. Public Health Service, Washington, DC: U.S. Government
Printing Office, June 1986.
Israel, R.A., Rosenberg, H.M., and Curtin, L.R. Analytical potential for
multiple cause-of-death data. American Journal of Epidemiology 124(2):
161-179. August, 1986.
Manton, K.G. and Stallard, E. Recent trends in mortality analysis.
Orlando, Florida; Academic Press, inc., 1984.
When further analytical assistance is needed, contact the Mortality Statistics Branch,
Division of Vital Statistics, NCHS, 6525 Belcrest Road, Room 840, Hyattsville,
Maryland 20782, Telephone (301) 436-8884. For technical assistance pertaining to
the creation of the multiple cause-of-death file, contact Donna Glenn, Statistician,
Technical Services Branch, Division of Vital Statistics, NCHS, Room 148, P.O. Box
12214, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709. Telephone (919) 541-0999.
VI. List of Data Elements and Tape Locations
Tape
Locations Data Items
1. General
a. Data year 115-118
b. Record Type 19
c. Resident status 20
d. Month of death 55-56
e. Day of week of death 83
f. Place of death and decedent's
status 75
2. Occurrence
a. State 21-22,28
b. Expanded State 29-30
c. County 23-25
d. County Population size 49
e. Region 26
f. Division 27
g. FIPS State 119-120
h. FIPS County 121-123
3. Residence
a. State 31-32,43
b. Expanded State 44-45
c. County 33-35
d. County Population size 50
e. City 36-38
f. City Population size 39
g. Met/Nonmet county 40
h. Region 41
i. Division 42
j. PMSA/MSA 46-48
k. PMSA/MSA Population size 51
l. FIPS State 124-125
m. FIPS County 126-128
n. FIPS Place 97-101
o. FIPS PMSA/MSA 129-132
p. FIPS CMSA 134-135
4. The Decedent
a. Sex 59
b. Race 60-63
c. Age 64-74
d. Marital status 77
e. State of birth 78-79
f. Hispanic origin 80-81,82
g. Kind of Business or Industry 85-87
h. Usual Occupation 88-90
i. Education 52-53, 54
5. Underlying Cause
a. ICD-9 code 142-145
b. 282 cause recode 146-150
c. 72 cause recode 151-153
d. 61 cause recode 154-156
e. 52 cause recode 91-93
f. 34 cause recode 157-159
g. Place of accident 141
h. Injury at work 136
6. Multiple Conditions
a. Entity-Axis conditions
1. Number of 160-161
2. The conditions 162-301
b. Record-Axis conditions
1. Number of 338-339
2. The conditions 341-440
RECORD LAYOUT
Tape Field
Location Size Item and Code Outline
1-3 3 Reserved Positions
4-9 6 Certificate Number
These positions are blank.
10-11 2 Reserved Positions
12-18 7 Sequence Number
These positions are blank
19 1 Record Type
1 ... RESIDENTS
State and County of Occurrence and Residence
are the same.
2 ... NONRESIDENTS
State and/or County of Occurrence and Residence
are different.
20 1 Resident Status
United States Occurrence
1 ... RESIDENTS
State and County of Occurrence and Residence
are thesame.
2 ... INTRASTATE NONRESIDENTS
State of Occurrence and Residence are the same,
but County is different.
3 ... INTERSTATE NONRESIDENTS
State of Occurrence and Residence are different,
but both are in the U.S.
4 ... FOREIGN RESIDENTS
State of Occurrence is one of the 50 States or
the District of Columbia, but Place of Residence
is outside of the U.S.
Puerto Rico Occurrence
1 ... RESIDENTS
Territory and County-equivalent of Occurrence and
Residence are the same.
2 ... INTRASTATE NONRESIDENTS
Territory of Occurrence and Residence are the same,
but County-equivalent is different.
4 ... FOREIGN RESIDENTS
Occurred in Puerto Rico to a resident of any other
place.
20 1 Resident Status - Con.
Virgin Islands Occurrence
1 ... RESIDENTS
Territory and County-equivalent of Occurrence and
Residence are the same.
2 ... INTRASTATE NONRESIDENTS
Territory of Occurrence and Residence are the same,
but County-equivalent is different.
4 ... FOREIGN RESIDENTS
Occurred in Virgin Islands to a resident of any
other place.
Guam Occurrence
1 ... RESIDENTS
Occurred in Guam to a resident of Guam or to a
resident of the U.S.
4 ... FOREIGN RESIDENTS
Occurred in Guam to a resident of any place other
than Guam or the U.S.
American Samoa Occurrence
1 ... RESIDENTS
Territory and County-equivalent of Occurrence and
Residence are the same.
2 ... INTRASTATE NONRESIDENTS
Territory of Occurrence and Residence are the same, but
County-equivalent is different.
4 ... FOREIGN RESIDENTS
Occurred in American Samoa to a resident of any other
place.
21-30 10 PLACE OF OCCURRENCE
Refer to the Geographic Code Outline further back in this
document for a detailed list of areas and codes. Some
Geographic Codes have changed to reflect the results of
the 1990 Census.
21-22 2 State of Occurrence
United States
01 ... Alabama
02 ... Alaska
03 ... Arizona
21-22 2 State of Occurrence - Con.
04 ... Arkansas
05 ... California
06 ... Colorado
07 ... Connecticut
08 ... Delaware
09 ... District of Columbia
10 ... Florida
11 ... Georgia
12 ... Hawaii
13 ... Idaho
14 ... Illinois
15 ... Indiana
16 ... Iowa
17 ... Kansas
18 ... Kentucky
19 ... Louisiana
20 ... Maine
21 ... Maryland
22 ... Massachusetts
23 ... Michigan
24 ... Minnesota
25 ... Mississippi
26 ... Missouri
27 ... Montana
28 ... Nebraska
29 ... Nevada
30 ... New Hampshire
31 ... New Jersey
32 ... New Mexico
33 ... New York
34 ... North Carolina
35 ... North Dakota
36 ... Ohio
37 ... Oklahoma
38 ... Oregon
39 ... Pennsylvania
40 ... Rhode Island
41 ... South Carolina
42 ... South Dakota
43 ... Tennessee
44 ... Texas
45 ... Utah
46 ... Vermont
47 ... Virginia
21-22 2 State of Occurrence - Con.
48 ... Washington
49 ... West Virginia
50 ... Wisconsin
51 ... Wyoming
Puerto Rico
52 ...Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
53 ...Virgin Islands
Guam
54 ...Guam
American Samoa
61 ...American Samoa
23-25 3 County of Occurrence
001-nnn ... Counties and county equivalents (independent
and coextensive cities) are numbered
alphabetically within each State and identify
each county with a population of 100,000 or
more in 1990.
(Note: To uniquely identify a county, both the
State and county codes must be used.) A
complete list of counties is shown in the
Geographic Code Outline further back
in this document.
999 ... County of less than 100,000 population
26 1 Region
27-28 2 Division and State Subcode of Occurrence
States are coded within Division.
26 is Region. 27 is Division. 28 is State subcode.
000 ... Not applicable: Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands,
Guam or American Samoa occurrence.
1 ... NORTHEAST
1 ... New England
1 ... Maine
2 ... New Hampshire
3 ... Vermont
4 ... Massachusetts
5 ... Rhode Island
6 ... Connecticut
2 ... Middle Atlantic
1 ... New York
2 ... New Jersey
3 ... Pennsylvania
2 ... MIDWEST
3 ... East North Central
1 ... Ohio
2 ... Indiana
3 ... Illinois
4 ... Michigan
5 ... Wisconsin
4 ... West North Central
1 ... Minnesota
2 ... Iowa
3 ... Missouri
4 ... North Dakota
5 ... South Dakota
6 ... Nebraska
7 ... Kansas
3 ... SOUTH
5 ... South Atlantic
1 ... Delaware
2 ... Maryland
3 ... District of Columbia
4 ... Virginia
5 ... West Virginia
6 ... North Carolina
7 ... South Carolina
8 ... Georgia
9 ... Florida
26-28 3 Region
Division and State Subcode of Occurrence - Con.
6 ... East South Central
1 ... Kentucky
2 ... Tennessee
3 ... Alabama
4 ... Mississippi
7 ... West South Central
1 ... Arkansas
2 ... Louisiana
3 ... Oklahoma
4 ... Texas
4 ... WEST
8 ... Mountain
1 ... Montana
2 ... Idaho
3 ... Wyoming
4 ... Colorado
5 ... New Mexico
6 ... Arizona
7 ... Utah
8 ... Nevada
9 ... Pacific
1 ... Washington
2 ... Oregon
3 ... California
4 ... Alaska
5 ... Hawaii
29-30 2 Expanded State of Occurrence Code
This item is designed to separately identify
New York City records from other New York State
records.
United States
01 ... Alabama
02 ... Alaska
03 ... Arizona
04 ... Arkansas
05 ... California
06 ... Colorado
07 ... Connecticut
08 ... Delaware
09 ... District of Columbia
10 ... Florida
29-30 2 Expanded State of Occurrence - Con.
11 ... Georgia
12 ... Hawaii
13 ... Idaho
14 ... Illinois
15 ... Indiana
16 ... Iowa
17 ... Kansas
18 ... Kentucky
19 ... Louisiana
20 ... Maine
21 ... Maryland
22 ... Massachusetts
23 ... Michigan
24 ... Minnesota
25 ... Mississippi
26 ... Missouri
27 ... Montana
28 ... Nebraska
29 ... Nevada
30 ... New Hampshire
31 ... New Jersey
32 ... New Mexico
33 ... New York
34 ... New York City
35 ... North Carolina
36 ... North Dakota
37 ... Ohio
38 ... Oklahoma
39 ... Oregon
40 ... Pennsylvania
41 ... Rhode Island
42 ... South Carolina
43 ... South Dakota
44 ... Tennessee
45 ... Texas
46 ... Utah
47 ... Vermont
48 ... Virginia
49 ... Washington
50 ... West Virginia
51 ... Wisconsin
52 ... Wyoming
Puerto Rico
53 ... Puerto Rico
29-30 2 Expanded State of Occurrence - Con.
Virgin Islands
54 ...Virgin Islands
Guam
55 ... Guam
American Samoa
62 ...American Samoa
31-48 18 PLACE OF RESIDENCE
Refer to the Geographic Code Outline further back in
this document for a detailed list of areas and codes.
31-32 2 State of Residence
United States Occurrence
01 ... Alabama
02 ... Alaska
03 ... Arizona
04 ... Arkansas
05 ... California
06 ... Colorado
07 ... Connecticut
08 ... Delaware
09 ... District of Columbia
10 ... Florida
11 ... Georgia
12 ... Hawaii
13 ... Idaho
14 ... Illinois
15 ... Indiana
16 ... Iowa
17 ... Kansas
18 ... Kentucky
19 ... Louisiana
20 ... Maine
21 ... Maryland
22 ... Massachusetts
23 ... Michigan
24 ... Minnesota
25 ... Mississippi
26 ... Missouri
27 ... Montana
28 ... Nebraska
31-32 2 State of Residence - Con.
U.S. Occurrence
29 ... Nevada
30 ... New Hampshire
31 ... New Jersey
32 ... New Mexico
33 ... New York
34 ... North Carolina
35 ... North Dakota
36 ... Ohio
37 ... Oklahoma
38 ... Oregon
39 ... Pennsylvania
40 ... Rhode Island
41 ... South Carolina
42 ... South Dakota
43 ... Tennessee
44 ... Texas
45 ... Utah
46 ... Vermont
47 ... Virginia
48 ... Washington
49 ... West Virginia
50 ... Wisconsin
51 ... Wyoming
52-57,59,61... Foreign residents
52 ... Puerto Rico
53 ... Virgin Islands
54 ... Guam
55 ... Canada
56 ... Cuba
57 ... Mexico
59 ... Remainder of the world
61 ... American Samoa
Puerto Rico Occurrence
52 ... Puerto Rico
01-51,53-
57,59,61 ... Foreign residents: refer to U.S.
for specific code structure.
31-32 2 State of Residence - Con.
Virgin Islands Occurrence
53 ... Virgin Islands
01-52,54-
57,59,61 ... Foreign residents: refer to U.S. for
specific code structure.
Guam Occurrence
54 ... Guam
01-51 ... U.S. resident. Also considered a
resident of Guam.
52-53,55-57,
59,61 ... Foreign residents: refer to U.S. for
specific code structure.
American Samoa Occurrence
61 ... American Samoa
01-57,
59 ... Foreign residents: refer to U.S. for
specific code structure.
33-35 3 County of Residence
001-nnn ... Counties and county equivalents (independent
and coextensive cities) are numbered
alphabetically within each State and identify
each county with a population of 100,000
or more in 1990. (Note: to uniquely identify
a county, both the State and county codes must
be used.) A complete list of counties is
shown in the Geographic Code outline further
back in this document.
zzz ... Foreign residents
999 ... County of less than 100,000 population
36-38 3 City of Residence
001-nnn ... Cities are numbered alphabetically within
each State and identify each city with a
population of 100,000 or more in 1990.
(Note: To uniquely identify a city, both the
State and city codes must be used. State,
county and city codes may also be used.)
999 ... balance of county; or city of less than
100,000 population
ZZZ ... Foreign residents
39 1 Population Size of City of Residence
Based on the results of the 1990 Census.
0 ... Place of 1,000,000 or more
1 ... Place of 500,000 to 1,000,000
2 ... Place of 250,000 to 500,000
3 ... Place of 100,000 to 250,000
9 ... All other areas in the U.S.
Z ... Foreign residents
40 1 Metropolitan - Nonmetropolitan County of Residence
NOTE: American Samoa, Guam and the Virgin Islands
do not have any metropolitan areas.
1 ...Metropolitan county
2 ...Nonmetropolitan county
Z ...Foreign residents
41 1 Region
42-43 2 Division and State Subcode of Residence
States are codes within Division. 41 is Region.
42 is Division. 43 is State subcode.
APPLICABLE TO U.S. ONLY.
000 ... Foreign residents
1 ... NORTHEAST
1 ... New England
1 ... Maine
2 ... New Hampshire
3 ... Vermont
4 ... Massachusetts
5 ... Rhode Island
6 ... Connecticut
2 ... Middle Atlantic
1 ... New York
2 ... New Jersey
3 ... Pennsylvania
2 ... MIDWEST
3 ... East North Central
1 ... Ohio
2 ... Indiana
3 ... Illinois
4 ... Michigan
5 ... Wisconsin
41-43 3 Region
Division and State of Residence - Con.
4 ... West North Central
1 ... Minnesota
2 ... Iowa
3 ... Missouri
4 ... North Dakota
5 ... South Dakota
6 ... Nebraska
7 ... Kansas
3 ... SOUTH
5 ... South Atlantic
1 ... Delaware
2 ... Maryland
3 ... District of Columbia
4 ... Virginia
5 ... West Virginia
6 ... North Carolina
7 ... South Carolina
8 ... Georgia
9 ... Florida
6 ... East South Central
1 ... Kentucky
2 ... Tennessee
3 ... Alabama
4 ... Mississippi
7 ... West South Central
1 ... Arkansas
2 ... Louisiana
3 ... Oklahoma
4 ... Texas
4 ... WEST
8 ... Mountain
1 ... Montana
2 ... Idaho
3 ... Wyoming
4 ... Colorado
5 ... New Mexico
6 ... Arizona
7 ... Utah
8 ... Nevada
9 ... Pacific
1 ... Washington
2 ... Oregon
3 ... California
4 ... Alaska
5 ... Hawaii
44-45 2 Expanded State of Residence Code
This item is designed to separately identify New York
City records from other New York State records.
United States Occurrence
01 ... Alabama
02 ... Alaska
03 ... Arizona
04 ... Arkansas
05 ... California
06 ... Colorado
07 ... Connecticut
08 ... Delaware
09 ... District of Columbia
10 ... Florida
11 ... Georgia
12 ... Hawaii
13 ... Idaho
14 ... Illinois
15 ... Indiana
16 ... Iowa
17 ... Kansas
18 ... Kentucky
19 ... Louisiana
20 ... Maine
21 ... Maryland
22 ... Massachusetts
23 ... Michigan
24 ... Minnesota
25 ... Mississippi
26 ... Missouri
27 ... Montana
28 ... Nebraska
29 ... Nevada
30 ... New Hampshire
31 ... New Jersey
32 ... New Mexico
33 ... New York
34 ... New York City
35 ... North Carolina
36 ... North Dakota
37 ... Ohio
38 ... Oklahoma
39 ... Oregon
40 ... Pennsylvania
41 ... Rhode Island
44-45 2 Expanded State of Residence - Con.
42 ... South Carolina
43 ... South Dakota
44 ... Tennessee
45 ... Texas
46 ... Utah
47 ... Vermont
48 ... Virginia
49 ... Washington
50 ... West Virginia
51 ... Wisconsin
52 ... Wyoming
53-58, 60, 62 ... Foreign Residents
53 ... Puerto Rico
54 ... Virgin Island
55 ... Guam
56 ... Canada
57 ... Cuba
58 ... Mexico
60 ... Remainder of the world
62 ... American Samoa
Puerto Rico Occurrence
53 ... Puerto Rico
01-52, 54-
58,60,62 ... Foreign residents: refer to U.S.
for specific code structure.
Virgin Islands Occurrence
54 ... Virgin Islands
01-53,55-
58,60,62 ... Foreign residents: refer to U.S.
for specific code structure.
Guam Occurrence
55 ... Guam
01-52 ... U.S. resident. Also considered a
resident of Guam.
53-54, 56-58,
60,62 ... Foreign residents: refer to U.S.
for specific code structure.
American Samoa Occurrence
62 ... American Samoa
01-58,
60 ... Foreign residents: refer to U.S. for
specific code structure.
46-48 3 NCHS PMSA/MSA of Residence
Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Metropolitan
Statistical Areas are those defined by the U.S. Office
of Management and Budget (OMB) as of 1990. For New England,
the New England County Metropolitan Areas (NECMA) are used.
Further back in this document is a list of PMSA's, MSA's,
NECMA's, and their component counties.
000 ... Nonmetropolitan counties
001-311 ... Code range
999 ... Area of less than 100,000 population
ZZZ ... Foreign residents
49 1 Population Size of County of Occurrence
Based on the results of the 1990 Census
0 ... County of 1,000,000 or more
1 ... County of 500,000 to 1,000,000
2 ... County of 250,000 to 500,000
3 ... County of 100,000 to 250,000
9 ... County of less than 100,000
50 1 Population Size of County of Residence
Based on the results of the 1990 Census
0 ... County of 1,000,000 or more
1 ... County of 500,000 to 1,000,000
2 ... County of 250,000 to 500,000
3 ... County of 100,000 to 250,000
9 ... County of less than 100,000
Z ... Foreign residents
51 1 PMSA/MSA Population Size
Based on the results of the 1990 Census
1 ... Area of 250,000 or more
2 ... Area of 100,000 to 250,000
9 ... Area of less than 100,000 or
nonmetropolitan area
Z ... Foreign residents
52-53 2 Education
00 ... No formal education
01-08 ... Years of elementary school
09 ... 1 year of high school
10 ... 2 years of high school
11 ... 3 years of high school
12 ... 4 years of high school
13 ... 1 year of college
14 ... 2 years of college
15 ... 3 years of college
16 ... 4 years of college
17 ... 5 or more years of college
99 ... Not stated
54 1 Education Recode
1 ... 0 - 8 years
2 ... 9 - 11 years
3 ... 12 years
4 ... 13 - 15 years
5 ... 16 years or more
6 ... Not stated
55-56 2 Month of Death
01 ... January
02 ... February
03 ... March
04 ... April
05 ... May
06 ... June
07 ... July
08 ... August
09 ... September
10 ... October
11 ... November
12 ... December
57-58 2 Reserved Positions
59 1 Sex
1 ... Male
2 ... Female
60-63 4 RACE
60-61 2 Detail Race
United States Occurrence
Beginning with 1992 data, some areas started reporting
additional Asian or Pacific Islander codes for race.
Codes 18 - 68 replace old code 08 for these areas.
Code 78 replaces old 08 for all other areas.
For consistency with Census races, code 09 (all other
races) has been imputed.
01 ... White
02 ... Black
03 ... American Indian (includes Aleuts
and Eskimos)
04 ... Chinese
05 ... Japanese
06 ... Hawaiian (includes Part-Hawaiian)
07 ... Filipino
18 ... Asian Indian
28 ... Korean
38 ... Samoan
48 ... Vietnamese
58 ... Guamanian
68 ... Other Asian or Pacific Islander in areas
reporting codes 18-58
78 ... Combined other Asian or Pacific Islander,
includes codes 18-68 for areas that do not
report them separately
Puerto Rico Occurrence
00 ... Other races
01 ... White
02 ... Black
Virgin Islands Occurrence
01 ... White
02 ... Black
03 ... American Indian (includes Aleuts
and Eskimos)
04 ... Chinese
05 ... Japanese
06 ... Hawaiian (includes Part-Hawaiian)
07 ... Filipino
08 ... Other Asian or Pacific Islander
60-61 2 Detail Race - Con.
Guam Occurrence
01 ... White
02 ... Black
03 ... American Indian (Includes Aleuts
and Eskimos)
04 ... Chinese
05 ... Japanese
06 ... Hawaiian (includes Part-Hawaiian)
07 ... Filipino
08 ... Other Asian or Pacific Islander
58 ... Guamanian
American Samoa Occurrence
01 ... White
02 ... Black
03 ... American Indian (includes Aleuts
and Eskimos)
04 ... Chinese
05 ... Japanese
06 ... Hawaiian (includes Part-Hawaiian)
07 ... Filipino
08 ... Other Asian or Pacific Islander
62 1 Race Recode 3
1 ... White
2 ... Races other than White or Black
3 ... Black
63 1 Race Recode 2
1 ... White
2 ... All other races
64-74 11 REPORTED AGE
64-66 3 Detail Age
Three positions are used to code detail age. Location 64
identifies age in years, months, days, etc. Locations 65-66
are the number of years, months, days, etc.
0 01-99 ... Years less than 100
1 00-99 ... Years 100 or more
2 01-11,99 ... Months
3 01-03,99 ... Weeks
4 01-27,99 ... Days
5 01-23, 99 ... Hours
6 01-59, 99 ... Minutes
9 99 ... Age not stated
67-68 2 Age Recode 52
01 ... Under 1 hour (includes not stated hours and minutes)
02 ... 1 - 23 hours
03 ... 1 day (includes not stated days)
04 ... 2 days
05 ... 3 days
06 ... 4 days
07 ... 5 days
08 ... 6 days
09 ... 7 - 13 days (includes not stated weeks)
10 ... 14 - 20 days
11 ... 21 - 27 days
12 ... 1 month (includes not stated months)
13 ... 2 months
14 ... 3 months
15 ... 4 months
16 ... 5 months
17 ... 6 months
18 ... 7 months
19 ... 8 months
20 ... 9 months
21 ... 10 months
22 ... 11 months
23 ... 1 year
24 ... 2 years
25 ... 3 years
26 ... 4 years
27 ... 5 - 9 years
28 ... 10 - 14 years
29 ... 15 - 19 years
67-68 2 Age Recode 52 - Con.
30 ... 20 - 24 years
31 ... 25 - 29 years
32 ... 30 - 34 years
33 ... 35 - 39 years
34 ... 40 - 44 years
35 ... 45 - 49 years
36 ... 50 - 54 years
37 ... 55 - 59 years
38 ... 60 - 64 years
39 ... 65 - 69 years
40 ... 70-74 years
41 ... 75-79 years
42 ... 80 - 84 years
43 ... 85 - 89 years
44 ... 90 - 94 years
45 ... 95 - 99 years
46 ... 100 - 104 years
47 ... 105 - 109 years
48 ... 110 - 114 years
49 ... 115 - 119 years
50 ... 120 - 124 years
51 ... 125 years and over
52 ... Age not stated
69-70 2 Age Recode 27
01 ... Under 1 month (includes not stated
weeks, days, hours, and minutes)
02 ... 1 month - 11 months (includes not
stated months)
03 ... 1 years
04 ... 2 years
05 ... 3 years
06 ... 4 years
07 ... 5 - 9 years
08 ... 10 - 14 years
09 ... 15 - 19 years
10 ... 20 - 24 years
11 ... 25 - 29 years
12 ... 30 - 34 years
13 ... 35 - 39 years
14 ... 40 - 44 years
15 ... 45 - 49 years
16 ... 50 - 54 years
17 ... 55 - 59 years
18 ... 60 - 64 years
19 ... 65 - 69 years
69-70 2 Age Recode 27 - Con.
20 ... 70 - 74 years
21 ... 75 - 79 years
22 ... 80 - 84 years
23 ... 85 - 89 years
24 ... 90 - 94 years
25 ... 95 - 99 years
26 ... 100 years and over
27 ... Age not stated
71-72 2 Age Recode 12
01 ... Under 1 year (includes not stated
infant ages)
02 ... 1 - 4 years
03 ... 5 - 14 years
04 ... 15 - 24 years
05 ... 25 - 34 years
06 ... 35 - 44 years
07 ... 45 - 54 years
08 ... 55 - 64 years
09 ... 65 - 74 years
10 ... 75 - 84 years
11 ... 85 years and over
12 ... Age not stated
73-74 2 Infant Age Recode 22
Blank ... Age 1 year and over or not stated
01 ... Under 1 hour (includes not stated
hours and minutes)
02 ... 1 - 23 hours
03 ... 1 day (includes not stated days)
04 ... 2 days
05 ... 3 days
06 ... 4 days
07 ... 5 days
08 ... 6 days
09 ... 7 days (includes not stated weeks)
10 ... 14 - 20 days
11 ... 21 - 27 days
12 ... 1 month (includes not stated months)
13 ... 2 months
14 ... 3 months
15 ... 4 months
16 ... 5 months
17 ... 6 months
18 ... 7 months
19 ... 8 months
73-74 2 Infant Age Recode 22 - Con.
20 ... 9 months
21 ... 10 months
22 ... 11 months
75 1 Place of Death and Decedent's Status
1 ... Hospital, clinic or Medical
Center - Inpatient
2 ... Hospital, Clinic or Medical
Center - Outpatient or admitted
to Emergency Room
3 ... Hospital, Clinic or Medical
Center - Dead on Arrival
4 ... Hospital, Clinic or Medical
Center - Patient status unknown
5 ... Nursing home
6 ... Residence
7 ... Other
9 ... Place of death unknown
76 1 Reserved Position
77 1 Marital Status
1 ... Never married, single
2 ... Married
3 ... Widowed
4 ... Divorced
8 ... Marital Status not on certificate
9 ... Marital Status not stated
78-79 2 State of Birth
01 ... Alabama
02 ... Alaska
03 ... Arizona
04 ... Arkansas
05 ... California
06 ... Colorado
07 ... Connecticut
08 ... Delaware
09 ... District of Columbia
10 ... Florida
11 ... Georgia
12 ... Hawaii
13 ... Idaho
14 ... Illinois
78-79 2 State of Birth - Con.
15 ... Indiana
16 ... Iowa
17 ... Kansas
18 ... Kentucky
19 ... Louisiana
20 ... Maine
21 ... Maryland
22 ... Massachusetts
23 ... Michigan
24 ... Minnesota
25 ... Mississippi
26 ... Missouri
27 ... Montana
28 ... Nebraska
29 ... Nevada
30 ... New Hampshire
31 ... New Jersey
32 ... New Mexico
33 ... New York
34 ... North Carolina
35 ... North Dakota
36 ... Ohio
37 ... Oklahoma
38 ... Oregon
39 ... Pennsylvania
40 ... Rhode Island
41 ... South Carolina
42 ... South Dakota
43 ... Tennessee
44 ... Texas
45 ... Utah
46 ... Vermont
47 ... Virginia
48 ... Washington
49 ... West Virginia
50 ... Wisconsin
51 ... Wyoming
52 ... Puerto Rico
53 ... Virgin Island
54 ... Guam
55 ... Canada
56 ... Cuba
57 ... Mexico
59 ... Remainder of the world
61 ... American Samoa
99 ... State of birth unknown
80-81 2 Hispanic Origin
Beginning data year 1997 all States report Hispanic Origin.
00 ... Non - Hispanic
01 ... Mexican
02 ... Puerto Rican
03 ... Cuban
04 ... Central or South American
05 ... Other or unknown Hispanic
99 ... Unknown
82 1 Hispanic Origin/Race Recode
1 ... Mexican
2 ... Puerto Rican
3 ... Cuban
4 ... Central or South American
5 ... Other or unknown Hispanic
6 ... Non - Hispanic white
7 ... Non - Hispanic black
8 ... Non - Hispanic other races
9 ... Hispanic origin unknown
83 1 Day of Week of Death
1 ... Sunday
2 ... Monday
3 ... Tuesday
4 ... Wednesday
5 ... Thursday
6 ... Friday
7 ... Saturday
9 ... Unknown
84 1 Reserved Position
85-87 3 Kind of Business or Industry
This item is not reported by all States.
Refer to the Addendum to the Technical Appendix
at the back of this publication for a list of
reporting States.
A new coding structure was instituted for the 1993
data year. For a complete list of categories and codes
refer to:
U.S. Bureau of the Census: Classified index of industries
and occupations. 1990 Census of Population and Housing.
First Edition. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office,
April 1992.
010-960 ... Code range (not inclusive)
85-87 3 Kind of Business or Industry - Con.
In addition to the codes shown in the Census publication,
the following codes are also applicable:
961 ... Own home/At home
970 ... Retired; with no other
industry reported
990 ... Blank, Unknown, NA
88-90 3 Usual Occupation
This item is not reported by all States. Refer to the
Addendum to the Technical Appendix at the back of this
publication for a list of reporting States.
A new coding structure was instituted for the 1993 data
year. For a complete list of categories and codes refer
to the Census Bureau publication mentioned above.
003-905 ... Code range (not inclusive)
In addition to the codes shown in the Census publication,
the following codes are also applicable:
913 ... Retired; with no other
occupation reported
914 ... Housewife/Homemaker
915 ... Student
916 ... Volunteer
917 ... Unemployed, never worked,
disabled, child, infant
999 ... Blank, Unknown, NA
91-93 3 52 Cause Recode
A recode of the cause code into 52 groups designed for use in
producing tabulations. Further back in this document is a
complete list of recodes and categories.
010-560 ... Code range (not inclusive)
94-96 3 Reserved Positions
97-101 5 Place (city) of Residence (FIPS)
A complete list of cities is shown in the Geographic code
outline further back in this document. Effective with the
1994 data year, the FIPS place code has been added to the
Mortality record. It identifies each city of 100,000
population or more in 1990.
00000 ... Foreign residents
00001-
nnnnn ... code range
99999 ... Balance of county; or city
of less than 100,000
population
102-114 13 Reserved Positions
115-118 4 Current Data Year
1997 ...1997
119-132 14 FEDERAL INFORMATION PROCESSING STANDARDS (FIPS)
GEOGRAPHIC CODES
Refer to the Geographic Code Outline further back in this
document for a detailed list of areas and codes. For an
explanation of FIPS codes, reference should be made to
various National Institute of Standards and Technology
(NIST) publications. Some geographic codes have been
changed to reflect the results of the 1990 Census.
119-120 2 State of Occurrence (FIPS)
United States
01 ... Alabama
02 ... Alaska
04 ... Arizona
05 ... Arkansas
06 ... California
08 ... Colorado
09 ... Connecticut
10 ... Delaware
11 ... District of Columbia
12 ... Florida
13 ... Georgia
15 ... Hawaii
16 ... Idaho
17 ... Illinois
18 ... Indiana
19 ... Iowa
119-120 2 State of Occurrence (FIPS) - Con.
20 ... Kansas
21 ... Kentucky
22 ... Louisiana
23 ... Maine
24 ... Maryland
25 ... Massachusetts
26 ... Michigan
27 ... Minnesota
28 ... Mississippi
29 ... Missouri
30 ... Montana
31 ... Nebraska
32 ... Nevada
33 ... New Hampshire
34 ... New Jersey
35 ... New Mexico
36 ... New York
37 ... North Carolina
38 ... North Dakota
39 ... Ohio
40 ... Oklahoma
41 ... Oregon
42 ... Pennsylvania
44 ... Rhode Island
45 ... South Carolina
46 ... South Dakota
47 ... Tennessee
48 ... Texas
49 ... Utah
50 ... Vermont
51 ... Virginia
53 ... Washington
54 ... West Virginia
55 ... Wisconsin
56 ... Wyoming
Puerto Rico
72 ... Puerto Rico
Virgin Islands
78 ... Virgin Islands
119-120 2 State of Occurrence (FIPS) - Con.
Guam
66 ... Guam
American Samoa
60 ... American Samoa
121-123 3 County of Occurrence (FIPS)
Counties and county equivalents (independent and coextensive
cities) are numbered alphabetically within each State and
identify each county with a population of 100,000 or more in
1990. (Note: To uniquely identify a county, both the state
and county codes must be used.) A complete list of counties
is shown in the Geographic Code Outline further back in this
document.
001-nnn ... Code range
999 ... County of less than 100,000
population
124-125 2 State of Residence (FIPS)
00 ... Foreign residents
01 ... Alabama
02 ... Alaska
04 ... Arizona
05 ... Arkansas
06 ... California
08 ... Colorado
09 ... Connecticut
10 ... Delaware
11 ... District of Columbia
12 ... Florida
13 ... Georgia
15 ... Hawaii
16 ... Idaho
17 ... Illinois
18 ... Indiana
19 ... Iowa
20 ... Kansas
21 ... Kentucky
22 ... Louisiana
23 ... Maine
24 ... Maryland
25 ... Massachusetts
26 ... Michigan
27 ... Minnesota
28 ... Mississippi
29 ... Missouri
124-125 2 State of Residence (FIPS) - Con.
30 ... Montana
31 ... Nebraska
32 ... Nevada
33 ... New Hampshire
34 ... New Jersey
35 ... New Mexico
36 ... New York
37 ... North Carolina
38 ... North Dakota
39 ... Ohio
40 ... Oklahoma
41 ... Oregon
42 ... Pennsylvania
44 ... Rhode Island
45 ... South Carolina
46 ... South Dakota
47 ... Tennessee
48 ... Texas
49 ... Utah
50 ... Vermont
51 ... Virginia
53 ... Washington
54 ... West Virginia
55 ... Wisconsin
56 ... Wyoming
Puerto Rico Occurrence
72 ... Puerto Rico
00-56,60, 66,
78 ... Foreign residents: refer to
U.S. for specific code
structure.
Virgin Islands Occurrence
78 ... Virgin Islands
00-56,60, 66,
72 ... Foreign residents: refer to
U.S. for specific code
structure.
Guam Occurrence
66 ... Guam 01-56 ... U.S. Resident. Also considered a resident of Guam.
00,60,72,78 ... Foreign residents: refer to
U.S. for specific code
structure.
124-125 2 State of Residence (FIPS) - Con.
American Samoa Occurrence
60 ... American Samoa
00-56,66,72,78 ... Foreign residents: refer to U.S.
for specific code
structure.
126-128 3 County of Residence (FIPS)
Counties and county equivalents (independent and coextensive
cities) are numbered alphabetically within each State and
identify each county with a population of 100,000 or more in
1990. (Note: To uniquely identify a county, both the state
and county codes must be used.) A complete list of counties
is shown in the Geographic Code Outline further back in this
document.
000 ... Foreign residents
001-nnn ... Code range
999 ... County of less than 100,000
population
129-132 4 PMSA/MSA of Residence (FIPS)
Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas and Metropolitan
Statistical Areas are those defined by the U.S. Office of
Management and Budget (OMB) as of 1990. For New England,
the New England County Metropolitan Areas (NECMA) are used.
Further back in this docuent is a list of PMSA's, MSA's,
NECMA's, and their component counties.
0000 ... Nonmetropolitan counties or
foreign residents
0040-9360 ... Code range
9999 ... Area of less than 100,000
population
133 1 Reserved Position
134-135 2 CMSA of Residence (FIPS)
Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas are groupings
of certain Primary Metropolitan Statistical Areas and are
defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget (OMB)
as of 1990.
All Areas
00 ... Not a CMSA
134-135 2 CMSA of Residence (FIPS) - Con.
United States Occurrence
07 ... Boston - Worcester-Lawrence, MA-NH-ME-CT, CMSA
14 ... Chicago - Gary-Kenosha, IL-IN-WI, CMSA
21 ... Cincinnati - Hamilton, OH-KY-IN, CMSA
28 ... Cleveland - Akron, OH, CMSA
31 ... Dallas - Fort Worth, TX, CMSA
34 ... Denver - Boulder-Greeley, CO, CMSA
35 ... Detroit - Ann Arbor-Flint, MI, CMSA
42 ... Houston - Galveston-Brazoria, TX, CMSA
49 ... Los Angeles -Riverside- Orange County, CA, CMSA
56 ... Miami - Fort Lauderdale, FL, CMSA
63 ... Milwaukee - Racine, WI, CMSA
70 ... New York -Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-
CT-PA, CMSA
77 ... Philadelphia - Wilmington-Atlantic City, PA-NJ-DE-
MD. CMSA
79 ... Portland - Salem , OR-WA, CMSA
82 ... Sacremento - Yolo, CA, CMSA
84 ... San Francisco -Oakland-San Jose, CA, CMSA
91 ... Seattle - Tacoma-Bremerton, WA, CMSA
97 ... Washington - Baltimore, DC-MD-VA-WV, CMSA
Puerto Rico Occurrence
87 ... San Juan -Caguas-Arecibo, PR, CMSA
136 1 Injury at Work
1 ... Yes
2 ... No
9 ... Unknown
137 1 Race Imputation Flag
Blank ... Race is not imputed
1 ... Unknown race is imputed
2 ... All other races, formerly
code 09, is imputed
138 1 Age Substitution Flag
If reported age is unknown but a valid age is calculated
using dates of birth and death, the calculated age is
substituted for the unknown reported age.
1 ... Calculated age is substituted
for reported age
139-140 2 Reserved Positions
141 1 Place of Accident for Causes E850-E869 and E880-E928
Blank ... Causes other than E850-E869
and E880-E928
0 ... Home
1 ... Farm
2 ... Mine and Quarry
3 ... Industrial Place and Premises
4 ... Place for Recreation and Sport
5 ... Street and Highway
6 ... Public Building
7 ... Resident Institution
8 ... Other Specified Places
9 ... Place of Accident not specified
142-159 18 UNDERLYING CAUSE OF DEATH
142-145 4 ICD Code (9th Revision)
See the International Classification of Diseases, 1975
Revision, Volume 1. For injuries and poisoning, the
external cause is coded (E800-E999) rather than the
Nature of Injury (800-999). These positions do not
include the letter E for the external cause of injury.
For those causes that do not have a 4th digit, location
145 is blank.
146-150 5 282 Cause Recode
A recode of the ICD cause code into 282 groups for NCHS
publications. Further back in this document is a complete
list of recodes and the causes included.
00300-35800 ... Code range
(not inclusive)
151-153 3 72 Cause Recode
A recode of the ICD cause code into 72 groups for NCHS
publications. Further back in this document is a complete
list of recodes and the causes included.
010-840 ... Code range
(not inclusive)
154-156 3 61 Infant Cause Recode
A recode of the ICD cause code into 61 groups for NCHS
publications. Further back in this document is a complete
list of recodes and the causes included.
010-680 ... Code range
(not inclusive)
157-159 3 34 Cause Recode
A recode of the ICD cause code into 34 groups for NCHS
publications. Further back in this document is a complete
list of records and the causes included.
010-370 ... Code range
(not inclusive)
160-440 281 MULTIPLE CONDITIONS
160-161 2 Number of Entity-Axis Conditions
00-20 ... Code range
162-301 140 ENTITY - AXIS CONDITIONS
Space has been provided for maximum of 20 conditions.
Each condition takes 7 positions in the record. Records
that do not have 20 conditions are blank in the unused
area.
Position 1: Part/line number on certificate
1 ... Part I, line 1 (a)
2 ... Part I, line 2 (b)
3 ... Part I, line 3 (c)
4 ... Part I, line 4 (d)
5 ... Part I, line 5 (e)
6 ... Part II
Position 2: Sequence of condition within part/line
1-7 ... Code range
Position 3 - 6: Condition code
See Table 1 for a complete list of codes
ENTITY - AXIS CONDITIONS - Con.
Position 7: Nature of Injury Flag
1 ... Indicates that the code in positions 3-6 is a
Nature of Injury code
0 ... All other codes
162-168 7 1st Condition
169-175 7 2nd Condition
176-182 7 3rd Condition
183-189 7 4th Condition
190-196 7 5th Condition
197-203 7 6th Condition
204-210 7 7th Condition
211-217 7 8th Condition
218-224 7 9th Condition
225-231 7 10th Condition
232-238 7 11th Condition
239-245 7 12th Condition
246-252 7 13th Condition
253-259 7 14th Condition
260-266 7 15th Condition
267-273 7 16th Condition
274-280 7 17th Condition
281-287 7 18th Condition
288-294 7 19th Condition
295-301 7 20th Condition
302-337 36 Reserved Positions
338-339 2 Number of Record-Axis Conditions
00-20 ... Code range
340 1 Reserved Position
341-440 100 RECORD - AXIS CONDITIONS
Space has been provided for a maximum of 20 conditions.
Each condition takes 5 positions in the record. Records
that do not have 20 conditions are blank in the unused
area.
Positions 1 - 4: Condition Code
See Table 1 for a complete list of codes
Position 5: Nature of Injury Flag
1 ... Indicates that the code in
positions 1-4 is a Nature of
Injury code
0 ... All other codes
341-345 5 1st Condition
346-350 5 2nd Condition
351-355 5 3rd Condition
356-360 5 4th Condition
361-365 5 5th Condition
366-370 5 6th Condition
371-375 5 7th Condition
376-380 5 8th Condition
381-385 5 9th Condition
386-390 5 10th Condition
391-395 5 11th Condition
396-400 5 12th Condition
RECORD - AXIS CONDITIONS - Con.
401-405 5 13th Condition
406-410 5 14th Condition
411-415 5 15th Condition
416-420 5 16th Condition
421-425 5 17th Condition
426-430 5 18th Condition
431-435 5 19th Condition
436-440 5 20th Condition
1997 ADDENDUM TO "TECHNICAL APPENDIX" OF VITAL STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES:
MORTALITY, 1995
To assist the users of the mortality public-use data tapes and CD-ROMs,
attached is a copy of the "Technical Appendix" of the Vital Statistics of
the United States: Mortality, 1995. This technical appendix provides certain
qualifications that are essential to using, analyzing, and interpreting the
data on those tapes and CD-ROMs. Certain modifications to the technical
appendix are essential to make it applicable to the mortality file for the
1997 data year. Those modifications include the following:
I. Sources of data
State-coded medical data
1996
Utah
For 1997, of the States in the VSCP, 42 States submitted precoded medical
data for all death certificates in the form of electronic data files. Of
these 42 States, Maine, Montana, and North Dakota contracted with a private
company to provide NCHS with precoded medical data. The remaining eight VSCP
States, New York City, and the District of Columbia submitted copies of the
original certificates from which NCHS coded the medical data.
For 1997, approximately 29 percent of the Nation's death records were
multiple-cause coded using SuperMICAR and 71 percent using MICAR. This
represents data from 22 States which was coded by SuperMICAR and data from
28 States, the District of Columbia, and New York City which was coded by
MICAR.
All States submitted precoded demographic data for all death certificates
in the form of electronic data files in 1997.
Data for Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Guam have been included on the
mortality public-use data tapes since 1994. Data for American Samoa are included
for the first time for 1997.
II. Classification of data
A. Race
Death certificates for some States have a checkbox for "multi-racial".
Some States are mandated by law to code "multi-racial" as a separate
category. For these States, death records with an entry of "multi-racial"
but without a specified racial entry or entries were assigned to the
specified race of the previous record. States not mandated to code "multi-
racial" may code "multi-racial" in the same way as mandated States or may
code "multi-racial" to "Other entries." For death records where race is
coded to "Other entries", if origin is Hispanic and the place of birth is
Puerto Rico, Cuba or Mexico, the race is assigned as White. Otherwise,
except for Puerto Rico, death records with race coded to "Other entries"
were assigned to the specified race of the previous record with known
race. For Puerto Rico, if race is coded to "Other entries", race is
assigned to "Other races."
B. Hispanic origin
For 1997, data by Hispanic origin include, for the first time, all 50
States and the District of Columbia .
Infant mortality--Infant mortality data by Hispanic origin are based on
deaths to residents of the entire United States.
Infant mortality rates by Hispanic origin are biased because of
inconsistencies in reporting Hispanic or ethnic origin between the birth
and death certificates for the same infant. Estimates of reporting bias
may be made by comparing rates based on the linked file of infant deaths
and live births 1 with those where the Hispanic or ethnic origin of
infant death is based on information from the death certificate 2. Infant
mortality rates by Hispanic origin are less subject to reporting bias
when based on linked files of infant deaths and live births 1.
C. Educational attainment
Deaths by educational attainment have been included on the public-use
data tapes since 1989. It is recommended for 1997 that analyses of
educational attainment data include deaths to residents of 46 States
and the District of Columbia whose data were approximately 80 percent
or more complete on a place-of-occurrence basis. Although data for
Kentucky are included on the data tape, they would be excluded from
analyses because more than 20 percent of their death certificates were
classified to "unknown educational attainment." Data for Georgia,
Rhode Island, and South Dakota were excluded from the data tape because
their death certificates did not include an educational attainment item.
Death rates for educational attainment are based on population estimates
derived from the U.S. Bureau of the Census' Current Population Survey
(CPS) and adjusted to resident population control totals. As a result,
the rates are subject to the variability of the denominator as well as
the numerator. Computation of the relative standard errors, 95-percent
confidence intervals, and statistical tests are discussed in the Technical
notes of the National Vital Statistics Reports 2.
Death rates for educational attainment may be biased for the following
three reasons: 1) because of inconsistencies in reporting between the
death certificates and the CPS for decedents; 2) because of a change in
the basic item used to collect data about education in the CPS; and 3)
because of possible under-enumeration of the population estimates (there
have been no studies evaluating this potential bias).
In the National Longitudinal Mortality Survey (NLMS) a total of 9,257
death certificates were compared with responses to educational attainment
questions from a total of 12 CPS's conducted by the U.S. Bureau of the
Census for data year 1989 3. Based on the results of this study and after
proportionally allocating the "unknown education" on the death certificate,
the ratio of CPS deaths having reported less than a high school education
(grades 0-11) to death certificate deaths having reported less than high
school education was about 1.37. This indicates that the number of deaths
and death rates for decedents having less than high school education are
biased downward in the vital statistics data by about 37 percent. Similarly,
the corresponding ratios for having completed high school (grade 12) and
having completed more than high school (grades 13 and more) are 0.70 and
0.87 respectively.
In the CPS, the item used to collect education information was changed
in 1992 from:
23a) What is the highest grade or year of regular school ... has ever
attended?;
23b) Did ... complete that grade (year?); Yes, No
to:
23) What is the highest level of school ... has completed or the
highest degree ... has received?
Based on a Bureau of the Census study 4, the ratio of population estimates
derived from the "old" educational attainment definition for less than a high
school education (grades 0-11) to population estimates derived from the "new"
definition for less than high school education was about 0.99. This indicates
that the death rates for decedents having less than high school education are
biased upward in the vital statistics data by about 1 percent. Similarly, the
corresponding ratios for having completed high school (grade 12) and having
completed more than high school (grades 13 and more) were 1.15 and 0.93
respectively.
Accounting for both the inconsistency in reporting between the death
certificates and the CPS for decedents and the change in the definition of
education population estimates may be accomplished simultaneously by combining
the above ratios. The combined ratio for less than high school is about 1.36
(1.37 x .99), for high school about 0.81 (0.70 x 1.15), and for more than high
school about 0.81 (0.87 x .93). These ratios may vary by age, sex, race/Hispanic
origin, cause of death, and geographic area.
D. Occupation and industry
For 1997, the occupation and industry mortality data were included for the
following 16 reporting States:
Colorado North Carolina
Georgia Ohio
Idaho Rhode Island
Kansas South Carolina
Kentucky Utah
Nevada Vermont
New Jersey West Virginia
New Mexico Wisconsin
E. Quality of data
California death confirmations--Selected causes of death considered to be
of public health concern are routinely confirmed by the States according
to agreed upon procedures between the State vital statistics programs and
the National Center for Health Statistics 5,6,7. For 1997, the State of
California did not confirm deaths from the following causes (number of
deaths shown in parentheses after cause):
Giardiasis (1); Brucellosis (1); Leprosy (1); Whooping cough (1); Tetanus (1);
Schistosomiasis (1); Other cestode infection (8); Congenital rubella (1).
III. Population bases for computing rates
The population used for computing death rates (furnished by the U.S. Bureau
of the Census) represents the population residing in the specified area.
Population estimates used for computing rates by age, sex, race, Hispanic
origin, and non-Hispanic origin for the United States for 1997 are based on
population estimates as of July 1, 1997 8 (available upon request). The
estimates are based on demographic analysis and, therefore, are not subject
to sampling variability.
Population estimates used for computing death rates by specified Hispanic
origin, race for non-Hispanic origin, age, and sex for the United States
are as of July 1, 1997 9 (available upon request). The estimates for Mexicans,
Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Other Hispanics are based on the CPS adjusted to
resident population control totals and, therefore, are subject to sampling
error (see Technical Appendix from Vital Statistics of the United States:
Mortality, 1995).
Population estimates used for computing death rates by marital status, age,
race, and sex for the United States 9 are as of July 1, 1997 and are available
upon request. Population estimates used for computing death rates by marital
status, age, Hispanic origin, race for non-Hispanic origin, and sex for the
United States 9 are as of July 1, 1997 and are also available upon request.
The population estimates for never married, married, widowed, and divorced
and for Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and Other Hispanics are based on the
CPS adjusted to resident population control totals and, therefore, are subject
to sampling error (see Technical Appendix from Vital Statistics of the United
States: Mortality, 1995).
Population estimates used for computing death rates by educational attainment,
age, and sex for the total of 46 States and the District of Columbia are
presented in table IV of the Technical notes of the "Report of Final Mortality
Statistics" 2. These estimates are based on the CPS adjusted to resident
population control for the 46 States and the District of Columbia.
Population estimates for each State, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands, Guam, and
American Samoa 10-14 are presented in table V of the Technical notes of the
"Report of Final Mortality Statistics" 2. These estimates are based on
demographic analysis, and therefore, are not subject to sampling variability.
All population estimates for 1997 are based on the 1990 census level counts
that were modified by age, race, and sex to be consistent with the U.S. Office
of Management and Budget categories and historical categories for death data 15.
References
1. MacDorman MF, Atkinson JO. Infant mortality statistics from the 1996 period
linked birth/infant death data set. Monthly vital statistics report; vol 46
no 12, supp. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center for Health Statistics.
1998.
2. Hoyert DL, Kochanek KD, Murphy SL. Deaths: Final data for 1997. National
vital statistics reports; in press. Hyattsville, Maryland: National Center
for Health Statistics.
3. Sorlie PD, Johnson NJ. Validity of education information on the death
certificate. Epidemiology 7(4): 437-439. 1996.
4. Kominski R, Adams A. Educational attainment in the United States: March 1993
and 1992. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports: Series P20-476.
Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1994.
5. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital statistics, instructions for
classifying the underlying cause of death. NCHS instruction manual; part 2a.
Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service. Published annually.
6. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital statistics, instructions for
classifying multiple causes of death. NCHS instruction manual; part 2b.
Hyattsville, Maryland: Public Health Service. Published annually.
7. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital statistics, nonindexed terms,
standard abbreviations, and State geographic codes used in mortality data
classification. NCHS instruction manual; part 2e. Hyattsville, Maryland:
Public Health Service. Published annually.
8. U.S. Bureau of the Census. U.S. population estimates, by age, sex, race, and
Hispanic origin: 1990 to 1997. PPL-91R. Washington, DC. 1998.
9. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Population estimates based on unpublished
tabulations prepared by the Housing and Household Economics Statistics
Division.
10. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Estimates of the population of states by age
and sex: 1990 to 1997. PPL-109. Product Announcement CB98-122.
Washington, DC. Released July 21, 1998.
11. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished Census file PRICO.WK4.
12. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished Census file USVI.WK4.
13. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished Census file GUAM.WK4.
14. U.S. Bureau of the Census. Unpublished Census file ASAMOA.WK4.
15. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Unpublished data from the 1990 census, by age,
sex, race and Hispanic origin. 1990.
