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Scientific Data Documentation
Dental Tape (1971-75)
DSN: CC37.HANES1.DENTAL ABSTRACT HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY, 1971-1975 Contents HANES 1971-1975 Description of Survey Target Population Data Collection Use of HANES Data Errors in the Data Sets and Survey Differences Variance Estimation General Notes Demographic Data Demographic Data Summary Record Layout Demographic Data Detailed Notes Demographic Data DESCRIPTION OF SURVEY Description of Survey: A detailed description of the design, content and operation of HANES I is provided in the following reports: Plan and Operation of the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, DHEW Pub. No. (HSM) 73-1310, Series 1, Nos. 10a and 10b, Public Health Service, Washington, D. C., U. S. Government Printing Office, February 1973. Also provided is a draft report on the augmentation survey of adults describing the relevant field work conducted between July 1974 and October 1975. TARGET POPULATION Target Population: HANES I was conducted on a nationwide probability sample of approximately 32,000 persons, ages 1-74 years, from the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the coterminous United States, excepting those persons residing on Indian reservations. The survey started in April 1971 and for many survey components was completed in June 1974. The HANES I sample was selected so that certain population groups thought to be at high risk of malnutrition (persons with low incomes, preschool children, women of childbearing age and the elderly) were oversampled at known rates. Adjusted sampling weights were then computed within 60 age, sex and race categories in order to inflate the sample in such a manner as to closely reflect the noninstitutionalized population, ages 1-74 years, of the United States at the midpoint of the survey. Although the main emphasis of HANES I was on nutrition, a subset of those sample persons aged 25-74 received a more detailed health examination which was continued through October 1975. No particular oversampling of subgroups of the population was done in this subsample (e.g., women of childbearing age were not oversampled as they were for the major nutrition component of HANES I). This subsample is also representative of the United States population aged 25-74 during the time of HANES I. After the nutrition survey was completed, the detailed examination given to the 25-74 age group was continued until the total number of examined persons was approximately double the number of examinees who received the detailed examination during the nutrition survey. DATA COLLECTION Data Collection: Information for all examined sample persons in HANES I was obtained by means of a household interview, a general medical history, a 24-hour dietary intake recall interview, a food frequency interview, a food program questionnaire, a general medical examination, dental, dermatological and ophthalmological examinations, anthropometric measurement, hand-wrist x-rays (of those ages 1-17 only) and 24 hematological, blood chemistry, and urological laboratory determinations. In addition to the information received on all examined persons by means of the above questionnaires, procedures and measurements, the following data were gathered on the subsample of adults aged 25-74: a medical history supplement; supplementary questionnaires concerning arthritis, respiratory and cardiovascular conditions (when applicable); a health care needs question- naire; a general well-being questionnaire; an extended medical examination; x-rays of the chest and hip and knee joints; audiometry, electrocardiography; goniometry; spirometry; pulmonary diffusion and tuberculin tests; along with additional laboratory determinations. USE OF HANES DATA With the goal of mutual benefit, NCHS requests the cooperation of recipients of data tapes in certain actions related to their use: A. Any published material derived from the data should acknowledge the National Center for Health Statistics as the original source. It should also include a disclaimer which credits any analyses, interpretations, or conclusions reached to the author (recipient of the tape) and not to NCHS, which is responsible only for the initial data. B. Consumers who wish to publish a technical description of the data will make a reasonable effort to insure that the description is not inconsistent with that published by NCHS. This does not mean, however that NCHS will review such descriptions. ERRORS IN THE DATA SETS AND SURVEY DIFFERENCES The data users' tapes have been subjected to a great deal of careful editing. However, due to the large volume of data in the series, it is likely that a small number of errors or discrepancies remain undetected. We would appre- ciate if any such errors are detected that they be brought to our attention so that new corrected copies of the tape can be created and errata sheets issued to previous purchasers. Some of the continuous data items have extremely high or low values and we have verified that they do in fact appear that way on the hard documents; that is, we have verified that the values have not been incorrectly keyed. In general, we have not attempted to resolve any differences that may exist between estimates derived from the various subsamples of HANES I. Nor have we made any comparisons between estimates from HANES I and previous surveys conducted by the Division of Health Examination Statistics. VARIANCE ESTIMATION Because the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is based upon a complex sample design, the assumptions of many statistical tests and routinely avail- able statistical programs are not met. For this reason, when estimates of the variances of statistics from HANES are computed, the technique of estimation must be based upon complex sampling theory. In order to provide the user with the capability of estimating the complex sample variances, we have provided Strata and Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) codes on the HANES user tapes in tape positions 194-198. However, these codes are suitable for making variance estimates only for examination locations 1-65 and 1-100. To compute variance estimates for examination locations 1-35 or 66-100, it is necessary to recode the current Strata-PSU codes according to the specifications that follow. The resultant recoded Strata-PSU codes should be used only for locations 1-35 and 66-100. One computer program that should be widely available sometime around the summer of 1978 as part of the Statistical Analysis System (available from the SAS Institute, Inc., Post Office Box 10066, Raleigh, North Carolina 27605) is capable of using the Strata-PSU codes provided for HANES to compute complex sample variances. Other programs may also be available. In those Strata, referred to as certainty or self-representing Strata, the PSU codes are actually the segment numbers. Neither the Strata codes nor the PSU codes are the original codes used in the formation of the HANES sample design, but are nonetheless a unique Recoding of the original codes. For further discussion of the sample design of HANES, the user should consult the publications of the National Center for Health Statistics--Series-Nos. 10a and 14 and the detailed note for tape positions 158-193. Recode Specifications for Strata-PSU Codes First.--Create a files with only those records in the file for examination locations 1-35.* Second.--Retain 1he original Strata-PSU codes in Strata 7-10 and 13 in the original form as the recoded Strata-PSU codes. Third.--Recode the remaining strata according to the chart below. Fourth.--Repeat the process for examination locations 66-100.* Old Strata # (tape positions 194-195) New Strata # New PSU 01 01 001 02 01 002 03 03 001 06 03 002 04 04 001 05 04 002 11 11 001 12 11 002 14 14 001 21 14 002 15 15 001 16 15 002 17 17 001 20 17 002 18 18 001 19 18 002 22 22 001 25 22 002 23 23 001 24 23 002 26 26 001 27 26 002 28 28 001 29 28 002 30 30 001 35 30 002 31 31 001 32 31 002 33 33 001 34 33 002 *See detailed note for tape positions 158-193. GENERAL NOTES, DEMOGRAPHIC DATA, HANES I Demographic Information: An advance letter, announcing the forthcoming arrival of an interviewer from the U. S. Bureau of the Census, was mailed to each household that fell into the sample area. The interviewer subsequently visited the household to ascertain its composition and to administer a questionnaire, the primary purpose of which was to obtain demographic information. The questionnaire was administered to each potential sample person that was available and competent enough to respond to questions. In the event that a potential sample person was not at home at the time of interview, any responsible adult in the household was asked to respond to the questions for the absent person. Asterisks on the Tape Description: Some of the data items were obtained only for a particular subsample of HANES. Consequently some of these items appear to have a great deal of missing data (coded as blank) due to nonresponse, but in fact the data are missing because the design of HANES dictated that the item was to be obtained only for a particular subsample. (For further discussion of the various subsamples in HANES the user should see the detailed note for tape positions 158-193.) To alert the user to this fact asterisks were put on the tape des- cription. One asterisk denotes that the data item was obtained only on examinees at locations 1-65, two asterisks denote that it was ob- tained only at location 66-100 and three asterisks denote that it was obtained only on examinees receiving the detailed examination. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA SUMMARY - HANES I Tape Positions Sample sequence number ............................................. 1 Size of place ...................................................... 10 SMSA-not SMSA ...................................................... 11 Type of living quarters............................................. 12 Land usage ......................................................... 13 If rural, asked - How many acres of land are included .............. 14 If 10 acres/more asked - Sale of crops/etc. amount to $50 or more .. 15 If 10 acres/less asked - Sale of crops/etc. amount to $250 or more . 16 Age - head of household ............................................ 17 Sex - head of household ............................................ 19 Highest grade attended - head of household ......................... 20 Race - head of household ........................................... 22 Total number of persons in household ............................... 23 Total sample persons in household .................................. 25 Number of rooms in house ........................................... 27 Is there piped water ............................................... 28 If yes, is there hot and cold piped water .......................... 29 If yes to piped water - Does house have a sink with piped water .... 30 Does house have a range or cook stove .............................. 31 Does house have a refrigerator ..................................... 32 Are kitchen facilities used by anyone not living in household ...... 33 Total family income group .......................................... 34 NOTE: The following income questions were asked only if "Total Family Income" was less than $7,000 Tape Positions During Past Year Did you or Any Members of Your Family Receive Money From: Wages or salaries .................................................. 36 If yes - How much altogether before deductions ..................... 37 Social Security or Railroad Retirement ............................. 41 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 42 Welfare payments or other public assistance ........................ 46 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 47 Unemployment or Workman's Compensation ............................. 51 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 52 Government employee pensions or private pensions ................... 56 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 57 Dividends, interest or rent ........................................ 61 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 62 Net income from own non-farm business, professional practice or partnership ...................................................... 66 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 67 Net income from a farm ............................................. 71 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 72 Veteran's payments ................................................. 76 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 77 Alimony, child support or contributions from persons not living in household ........................................................ 81 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 82 Any other income ................................................... 86 If yes - How much altogether ...................................... 87 Total amount....................................................... 91 Family unit code ................................................... 95 Relationship to head of household .................................. 100 Age at interview ................................................... 101 Race of examined person ............................................ 103 Sex of examined person ............................................. 104 Marital status ..................................................... 105 Date of birth (month and year) ..................................... 106 Place of birth ..................................................... 110 Highest grade of regular school ever attended ...................... 112 Did he finish the grade ............................................ 114 Is he attending school now ......................................... 115 Has he ever attended a school of any kind .......................... 116 If yes - What kind of school ....................................... 117 Any language other than English frequently spoken in the household.. 118 If yes - What language ............................................. 119 What is your main ancestry or national origin ...................... 120 What was he doing most of past three months ........................ 122 If "something else" - What was he doing ............................ 123 If "keeping house" or "something else" - Did he work at a job or business at any time during the past three months ................ 124 If "working" - Did he work full-time or part-time .................. 125 Did he work at any time last week or week before (not around house). 126 If no - Even though he did not work during that time, does he have a job or business ................................................ 127 Tape Positions Was he looking for work or on lay-off from a job ................... 128 If yes - Which ..................................................... 129 Class of worker .................................................... 130 If self-employed in "own" business and not a farm, is the business incorporated ..................................................... 131 Business or industry code .......................................... 132 Occupation code .................................................... 135 Date of examination ................................................ 138 Age at examination ................................................. 144 Farm/non-farm ...................................................... 146 Poverty index ...................................................... 147 Region ............................................................. 150 FOOD PROGRAMS APPLICABILITY ........................................ 151 Are you certified to participate in the food stamp program? ........ 152 Are you buying food stamps now? .................................... 153 What is the main reason you aren't participating in the program? ... 154 Are you certified to participate in commodity distribution program?. 155 Are you receiving commodity foods now for your family? ............. 156 Why aren't you participating in the program? ....................... 157 SAMPLE WEIGHTS ..................................................... 158 STRATA - Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) ............................... 194RECORD LAYOUT, DEMOGRAPHIC DATA HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (HANES I) Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source DEMOGRAPHIC DATA 1-5 Sample Sequence Number 6-9 Catalog Number 10 Size of Place Urbanized area with: 1 - 3,000,000 or more Hshld Questionnaire 2 - 1,000,000 to 2,999,999 See Detailed Notes 3 - 250,000 to 999,999 4 - under 250,000 5 - Urban place 25,000 or more outside urbanized area 6 - Urban place 10,000 to 24,999 outside urbanized area 7 - Urban place 2,500 to 9,999 outside urbanized area 8 - Rural 11 SMSA - Not SMSA 1 - In SMSA, in central city Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - In SMSA, not in central city See Detailed Notes 3 - Not in SMSA 12 Type of Living Quarters 1 - Housing Unit Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Other unit 13 Land Usage 1 - All other Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Rural 7136 14 If Rural, asked How Many Acres of Land Are Included? Hsehld Questionnaire 1 - 10 or more acres 2 - Less than 10 acres 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 15 If 10 acres or more, asked if Sale of Crops, Etc. Amount to $50 or more? Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Yes 4 - No 9 - Not applicable 16 If 10 acres or less, asked if Sale of Crops, Etc. Amount to $250 or more? Hsehld Questionnaire 3 - Yes 5 - No 9 - Not applicable 17-18 Age - Head of Hsehld 16-92 as given Hsehld Questionnaire 00 Blank, but applicable 19 Sex - Head of Hsehld Hsehld Questionnaire 1 - Male 2 - Female 20-21 Highest Grade Attended - Head of Hsehld 10 - None Hsehld Questionnaire 21 - 1st grade 22 - 2nd grade 23 - 3rd grade 24 - 4th grade 25 - 5th grade 26 - 6th grade 27 - 7th grade 28 - 8th grade 31 - 9th grade 32 - 10th grade 33 - 11th grade 34 - 12th grade 41 - First year of college 42 - Second year of college 43 - Third year of college 44 - Fourth year of college 45 - Graduate 88 - Blank, but applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 22 Race - Head of Household 1 - White Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Negro See Detailed Notes 3 - Other 23-24 Total Number of Persons in Household 01-19 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 25-26 Total Sample Persons in Household 01-07 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 27 Number of Rooms in House 1-8 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 9 - 9 or more 28 Is there piped water? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 29 If yes Is there Hot and Cold piped water? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 9 - Not applicable 30 If yes to piped water - Does House Have a Sink with Piped Water? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 9 - Not applicable 31 Does House Have a Range or Cook Stove? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 32 Does House have a Regrigerator? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 33 Are kitchen facilities used by anyone not living in household? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 9 - Not applicable 34-35 Total Family Income Group 11 - Under $1,000(including loss) Hsehld Questionnaire 12 - $1,000-1,999 See Detailed Notes 13 - $2,000-2,999 14 - $3,000-3,999 15 - $4,000-4,999 16 - $5,000-5,999 17 - $6,000-6,999 18 - $7,000-9,999 19 - $10,000-14,999 20 - $15,000-19,999 21 - $20,000-24,999 22 - $25,000 and over 88 - Blank, but applicable NOTE: The following income questions were asked only if "Total Family Income" was less than $7,000 DURING PAST YEAR DID YOU OR ANY MEMBERS OF YOUR FAMILY RECEIVE MONEY FROM: 36 Wages or Salaries? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 37-40 If yes to above, how much altogether before deductions? 0001-8000 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 41 Social Security or Railroad Retirement? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 42-45 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 46 Welfare Payments or Other Public Assistance? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 47-50 If yes to above, hyow much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 51 Unemployment or Workmen's Compensation? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 52-55 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 56 Government Employee Pensions or Private Pensions? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 57-60 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 61 Dividends, interest or rent? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 62-65 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 66 Net income from own non-farm business, professional practice or partnership? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Loss 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 67-70 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0000-7500 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 71 Net income from a farm? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Loss 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 72-75 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0000-7500 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 76 Veteran's Payments? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 77-80 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 81 Alimony, child support or contributions from persons not living in Hsehld? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 82-85 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 86 Any other income? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 87-90 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6900 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 91-94 Total Amount (Total of Positions 37-90) 0000-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 95-99 FAMILY UNIT CODE Computer generated 00001-23180 See Detailed Notes 100 Relationship to Head of Household (Hsehld Questionnaire) 1 - Head (1 person living along or with non-relatives) 1920 2 - Head (2 or more related persons in family) 4912 3 - Wife 5256 4 - Child 7733 5 - Other relative 928 101-2 Age at Interview 01-74 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 103 Race of Examined Person 1 - White Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Negro See Detailed Notes 3 - Other 104 Sex of Examined Person 1 - Male Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Female 105 Marital Status 1 - Under 17 Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Married 3 - Widowed 4 - Never Married 5 - Divorced 6 - Separated 8 - Blank, but applicable 106-9 Date of Birth (month, year) 01-12 - Month as given Hsehld Questionnaire 00-99 - Year (1896-1973) as given 110-11 Place of Birth (As given) 01-02 Hsehld Questionnaire 04-06 See Detailed Notes 08-13 15-42 44-51 53-56 60-81 91-97 88 - Blank, but applicable 144 Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 112-13 Highest Grade of regular school ever attended? 10 - None Hsehld Questionnaire 21 - 1st grade 22 - 2nd grade 23 - 3rd grade 24 - 4th grade 25 - 5th grade 26 - 6th grade 27 - 7th grade 28 - 8th grade 31 - 9th grade 32 - 10th grade 33 - 11th grade 34 - 12th grade 41 - First year of college 42 - Second year of college 43 - Third year of college 44 - Fourth year of college 45 - Graduate 77 - Special school 88 - Blank, but applicable 99 - Not applicable 114 Did he finish the grade? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 115 Is he attending school now? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 116 Has he ever attended a school of any kind? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 117 If yes, what kind of school? 1 - Nursery Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Kindergarten 3 - Other 4 - Headstart 5 - Daycare 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 118 Is any language other than English frequently spoken in the household? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 119 If yes, what language? 0 - German Hsehld Questionnaire 1 - Italian 2 - French 3 - Polish 4 - Russian 5 - Spanish 6 - Chinese 7 - Other language 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 120-21 What is your main ancestry or national origin? 00 - German Hsehld Questionnaire 01 - Irish 02 - Italian 03 - French 04 - Polish 05 - Russian 06 - English 07 - Spanish 08 - Mexican 09 - Chinese 10 - Japanese 11 - American Indian 12 - Negro 13 - Jewish 14 - American 15 - Other 88 - Blank, but applicable 99 - Don't know 122 What was he doing most of past three months? 1 - Working Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Keeping house 3 - Something else 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 123 If "something else" from above, what was he doing? 0 - Laid off Hsehld Questionnaire 1 - Retired 2 - Student 3 - Other 4 - Ill 5 - Staying home 6 - Looking for work 7 - Unable to work 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 124 If "keeping house" or "something else" from above, did he work at a job or business at any time during the past three months? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 125 If "Working" from above, did he work full-time or part-time? 1 - Full-time Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Part-time 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 126 Did he work at any time last week or the week before (not around house)? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 127 If "no" to above, even though he did not work during that time, does he have a job or business? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 128 If "no" in Position 126, was he looking for work or on lay-off from a job? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 129 If yes to above - which? 1 - Looking Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Lay-off 3 - Both 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 130 Class of Worker 1 - Private paid Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Government-Federal 3 - Government-Other 4 - Own 5 - Non-paid 6 - Never worked 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 131 If self-employed in "own" business and not a farm, is the business incorporated? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 132-34 Business or Industry Code 017-999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 135-37 Occupation Code 001-995 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 138-43 Date of Examination Month - 01-12 as given Control Record Day - 01-31 as given Year - 71-75 as given Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 144-45 Age at Examination 01-75 - As given Computer Generated 146 Farm 1 - Farm Computer Generated 2 - Nonfarm See Detailed Notes 147-49 Poverty Index (X.XX) 001-997 - As given Computer Generated 998 - Index computed 998 See Detailed Notes or greater 999 - Unknown 150 Region 1 - Northeast Computer Generated 2 - Midwest See Detailed Notes 3 - South 4 - West 151 FOOD PROGRAMS APPLICABILITY 1 - Not applicable Food Programs Quest. 2 - No program available 3 - Food stamps available 4 - Commodities available 8 - Blank, but applicable 152 Are you certified to participate in the food stamp program? 1 - Yes Food Programs Quest. 2 - No 9 - Don't know Blank Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 153 Are you buying stamps now? 1 - Yes, regularly Food Programs Quest. 2 - Yes, occasionally 3 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable Blank 154 What is the main reason you aren't participating in the program? 1 - No need Food Programs Quest. 2 - Not enough money at the time 3 - No transportation 4 - Pride 5 - Other 8 - Blank, but applicable Blank 155 Are you certified to participate in the commodity distribution program? 1 - Yes Food Programs Quest. 2 - No 9 - Don't know Blank 156 Are you receiving commodity foods now for your family? 1 - Yes, regularly Food Programs Quest. 2 - Yes, occasionally 3 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable Blank 157 Why aren't you participating in the program? 1 - No need Food Porgrams Quest. 2 - No transportation 3 - Pride 4 - Other 8 - Blank, but applicable Blank Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source SAMPLE WEIGHTS 158-63 Detailed Persons, Location 01-35 See Detailed Notes Blanks 164-69 All Sample Persons, Locations 01-35 See Detailed Notes Blanks 170-75 Detailed Persons, Locations 01-65 See Detailed Notes Blanks 176-81 All Sample Persons, Locations 01-65 See Detailed Notes Blanks 182- Work Area 193 194- STRATA 1/ 195 196- Primary Sampling Unit1/ 198 199- Work Area 200 1/Use only for producing variance estimates for examination locations 1-65 or 1-100. See General Note titled "Variance Estimation" for producing variance estimates for examination locations 1-35 or 66-100. DETAILED NOTES, DEMOGRAPHIC DATA Tape Position 10 - Size of Place Size of place classification was derived from the 1960 census. According to the definition used in the 1960 census, the urban population was comprised of all persons living in (a) places of 2,500 inhabitants or more incorporated as cities, boroughs, villages and towns (except towns in New York, New England, and Wisconsin); (b) the densely settled urban fringe, whether incorporated or unincorporated, or urbanized areas; (c) towns in New England and townships in New Jersey and Pennsylvania which contained no incorporated municipalities as subdivisions and had either 2,500 inhabitants or more, or a population of 2,500 to 25,000 and a density of 1,500 persons or more per square mile; (d) counties in states other than the New England states, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, that had no incorporated municipalities within their boundaries and had a density of 1,500 persons per square mile; and (e) unincorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more not included in any urban fringe. The remaining population was classified as rural. Urban areas are further classified by population size for places within urbanized areas and other places outside urbanized areas. Tape Position 11 - SMSA A standard metropolitan statistical area is basically a county or a group of contiguous counties which contains at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more, or "twin cities" with a combined population of at least 50,000. In addition to the county or counties containing such a city or cities, contiguous counties are included in an SMSA if, according to the 1960 Census, they are socially and economically integrated with the central city. Each SMSA must include at least one central city, and the complete title of an SMSA identifies the central city or cities. Tape Positions 22 and 103 - Race The race of the respondent was marked by observation and it was assumed the race of all related persons was the same as the respondent unless otherwise learned. The race categories were "White", "Negro", or "other." If the appropriate category could not be marked by observation, then race was asked. Persons of races other than White or Negro, such as Japanese, Chinese, American Indian, Korean, Hindu, Eskimo, etc. were reported as "Other." Mexicans were included with "White" unless definitely known to be American Indian or of other nonwhite race. Tape Positions 34-35 - Total Family Income Group The income group represents the total combined family income for the past twelve (12) months. It includes income from all sources such as wages, salaries, social security or retirement benefits, help from relatives, rent from property and so forth. The income groups were not reconciled to the component parts (tape positions 36-94). The income component parts were not asked when the gross income was greater than $6,999 per annum. However, amounts greater than $6,999 appear in tape positions 37-40, 67-70, and 72-75. Some respondents reported a loss of income from their nonfarm business, professional practice, partnership or farm and this explains why some data fields are greater than $6,999, but the individual total in tape positions 91-94 does not exceed this figure. Tape Positions 95-99 - Family Unit Code All related sample persons in the same family unit have the same computer generated family unit code. This will enable detailed analysis of the individual family unit. Tape Positions 110-111 - State Codes UNITED STATES OUTLYING AREAS OF THE U.S. Standard Abbreviation Code Name of Place Cod ALABAMA Ala. 01 American Samoa 60 ALASKA Alaska 02 Canal Zone 61 ARIZONA Ariz. 04 Canton and Enderbury Islands 62 ARKANSAS Ark. 05 Caroline Islands 63 CALIFORNIA Calif. 06 Cook Islands 64 COLORADO Colo. 08 Gilbert and Ellice Islands 65 CONNECTICUT Conn. 09 Guam 66 DELAWARE Del. 10 Johnston Atoll 67 DIST. OF COLUMBIA D.C. 11 Line Islands - Southern 68 FLORIDA Fla. 12 Mariana Islands 69 GEORGIA Ga. 13 Marchall Islands 70 HAWAII Hawaii 15 Midway Islands 71 IDAHO Idaho 16 Puerto Rico 72 ILLINOIS Ill. 17 Ryukyn Islands - Southern 73 INDIANA Ind. 18 Swan Islands 74 IOWA Iowa 19 Tokelau Islands 75 KANSAS Kans. 20 U.S. Misc. Caribbean 76 KENTUCKY Ky. 21 U.S. Misc. Pacific Islands 77 LOUISIANA La. 22 Virgin Islands 78 MAINE Maine 23 Wake Islands 79 MARYLAND Md. 24 Cuba 80 MASSACHUSETTS Mass. 25 West Indies 81 MICHIGAN Mich. 26 North America 91 MINNESOTA Minn. 27 South America 92 MISSISSIPPI Miss. 28 Europe 93 MISSOURI Mo. 29 Africa 94 MONTANA Mont. 30 Asia 95 NEBRASKA Nebr. 31 Australasia 96 NEVADA Nev. 32 Pacific Islands 97 NEW HAMPSHIRE Nebr. 33 NEW JERSEY N.J. 34 NEW MEXICO N. Mex. 35 NEW YORK N.Y 36 NORTH CAROLINA N.C. 37 NORTH DAKOTA N. Dak. 38 OHIO Ohio 39 OKLAHOMA Okla. 40 OREGON Oreg. 41 PENNSYLVANIA Pa. 42 RHODE ISLANDS R.I. 44 SOUTH CAROLINA S.C. 45 SOUTH DAKOTA S. Dak. 46 UNITED STATES Standard Abbreviation Code TENNESSEE Tenn. 47 TEXAS Tex. 48 UTAH Utah 49 VERMONT Vt. 50 VIRGINIA Va. 51 WASHINGTON Wash. 53 WEST VIRGINIA W. Va. 54 WISCONSIN Wis. 55 WYOMING Wyo. 56 Tape Positions 132-134 and 135-137 - Industry & Occupation Codes A person's occupation may be defined as his principal job or business. For this survey purpose, the principal job or business of a respondent is defined in one of the following ways: If the person worked during the two week interview period or had a job or business, the question concerning his occupation (or work) applies to his job during that period. If the respondent held more than one job, the question is directed to the one at which he spent the most time. It refers to the one he considers most important when equal time is spent at each job. A person who has not begun work at a new job, is looking for work, or is on layoff from work is questioned about his last full- time civilian job. A full-time job is defined as one at which the person spen 35 or more hours per week and which lasted two consecutive weeks or more. A person who has a job to which he has not yet reported and has never had a previous job or business is classified as a "new worker." The 1970 census of population Alphabetical Index of Industries and Occupations was used in the coding of both the industry and occupation. Library of Congress Number 74-612012. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. $3.00. Stock Number 0301-2283. Tape Position 146 - Land Land used for farming purposes (Code 1 in Tape Position 146) was identified as being rural land (Code 2 in Tape Position 13) consisting of 10 or more acres (Code 1 in Tape Position 14) with crop sales amounting to $50 or more (Code 2 in Tape Position 15), or rural land (Code 2 in Tape Position 13) consisting of less than 10 acres (Code 2 in Tape Position 14) with crop sales amounting to $250 or more (Code 3 in Tape Position 16). All Other land is classified as nonfarm (Code 2 in Tape Position 146). Tape Positions 147-149 - Poverty Index Poverty Index--Income status was determined by the Poverty Income Ratio (PIR). Poverty statistics published in the Census Bureau reports1/ were based on the poverty index developed by the Social Security Administration in 1964. (For a detailed discussion of the SSA poverty standards, see reference 2.) Modifications in the definition of poverty were adopted in 1969.3/ The standard data series in poverty for statistical use by all executive departments and establishments has been established.4/ The two components of the PIR are the total income of the household (numerator) and a multiple of the total income necessary to maintain a family with given characteristics on a nutritionally adequate food plan3/ (denominator). The dollar value of the denominator of the PIR is constructed from a food plan (economy plan) necessary to maintain minimum recommended daily nutritional requirements. The economy plan is designated by the Department of Agriculture for "emergency or temporary use when funds are low." For families of three or more persons, the poverty level was set at three times the cost of the economy food plan. For smaller families and persons living alone, the cost of the economy food plan was adjusted by the relatively higher fixed expenses of these smaller households. The denominator or poverty income cutoff adjusts the family poverty income maintenance requirements by the family size, the sex of the family head, the age of the family head in families with one or two members, and the place of residence (farm, nonfarm). Annual revisions of the poverty income cutoffs are based on the changes in the average cost of living as reflected in the Consumer Price Index. As shown in the table, the annual income considered to be the poverty level increases as the family size increases. A family with any combination of characteristics and with the same income as shown in the table has been designated as having a PIR or poverty level of 1.0. The same family with twic the income found in the table would have a PIR of 2.0. Ratios of less than 1.0 can be described as "below poverty," ratios greater than or equal to 1.0, as "at or above poverty." Poverty thresholds are computed on a national basis only. No attempt has been made to adjust these thresholds for regional, State, or other local variation in the cost of living (except for the farm, nonfarm difference). None of the noncash public welfare benefits such as food stamp bonuses or free food commodities are included in the income of the low income families receiving these benefits. 1/ Current Populatrion Reports, "Consumer Income," Series P-60, No. 77, May 7, 1971 2/ Orshansky, M.: "Counting the Poor: Another Look at the Poverty Profile, Social Security Bulletin, January 1965; "Who's Who Among the Poor: A Demographic View of Poverty," Social Security Bulletin, July 1965. 3/ Current Population Reports, "Special Studies," Series P-23, No. 28, Augus 12, 1969. 4/ Circular No. A-46, Transmitted Memorandum No. 9, Executive Office of the President, Bureau of the Budget, August 29, 1969, and Exhibit L (rev.) Weighted average thresholds at the low income level in 1971 by size of family and sex of head, by farm-nonfarm residence Nonfarm Farm Size of family Total Total Male1 Female1 Total Male1 Female1 head head head head All unrelated individuals- $2,033 $2,040 $2,136 $1,978 $1,727 $1,783 $1,669 Under 65 years--------- 2,093 3,098 2,181 2,017 1,805 1,853 1,715 65 years and over------ 1,931 1,940 1,959 1,934 1,652 1,666 1,643 All families-------------- 3,700 3,724 3,764 3,428 3,235 3,242 3,079 2 persons-------------- 2,612 2,633 2,641 2,581 2,219 2,224 2,130 Head under 65 years---- 2,699 2,716 2,731 2,635 2,317 2,322 2,195 Head 65 years and over- 2,424 2,448 2,450 2,437 2,082 2,081 2,089 3 persons-------------- 3,207 3,229 3,248 3,127 2,745 2,749 2,627 4 persons-------------- 4,113 4,137 4,139 4,116 3,527 3,528 3,513 5 persons-------------- 4,845 4,880 4,884 4,837 4,159 4,159 4,148 6 persons-------------- 5,441 5,489 5,492 5,460 4,688 4,689 4,656 7 persons or more------ 6,678 6,751 6,771 6,583 5,736 5,749 5,516 1For unrelated individuals, sex of the individual. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Social and Economic Statistics Administration, U.S. Bureau of the Census "Characteristics of the Low Income Population: 1971," Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 86, p. 18. Tape Position 150 - Region The United States was divided into four broad geographic regions of approximately equal population. These regions, which deviate somewhat from the groups used by the Bureau of the Census, are as follows: Region States Included Northeast Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania South Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas Midwest Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri West Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming. Tape Positions 158-193 - HANES HANES is a multistage, stratified, probability sample of loose clusters of persons in land-based segments. In addition, HANES is composed of two distinct examination components--a nutrition screening examination (taken by all examinees) and a more detailed examination taken by a pre-selected subsample of all examinees, ages 25-74. For the nutrition screening examination, locations 1-35 and 1-65 constituted national probability samples and for the detailed examination, locations 1-35, 1-65, 66-100 and 1-100 all constitute national probability samples. In other words, HANES is composed of six distinct subsamples of the U.S. population. For a more detailed discussion of the sample design see Series 1, No. 10a. Since each of these six subsamples is a distinct subsample of the U.S. population, such subsample requires a different set of weights. The weights are based upon the probability of selection into the sample, adjustments for nonresponse and further adjustments to approximate the U.S. noninstitu- tionalized population as of the midpoint of each subsample. In order to select all of those examinees in a particular subsample, i.e. received a particular exam component, it is necessary to exclude all examinees with a weight of zero or blank. It is also necessary to exclude all zero or blank weights because that is the only way to differentiate missing data due to nonresponse from data that is missing because the sample design dictated that a particular examinee was not supposed to receive particular examination component. It is suggested that any analyses that are desired by the researcher be per- formed using the greatest number of examinees possible; that is, if the researcher is interested in an exam component of the nutrition screening examination he should use the weight and consequently the data from the 65 location subsample rather than the 35 location subsample. For the detailed examination, the researcher should use the 100 location subsample rather than one of the others. However, some exam components were only done in a particular subsample; for example, only at the first 35 locations. In that case, the researcher has no choice in selecting a particular subsample. There may be occasions when a researcher may want to make comparisons of estimates obtained from various subsamples. For example, the prevalence of some disease condition as estimated from the first 35 locations could be compared with an estimate based upon locations 66-100. The researcher may also want to formulate hypotheses using 1 subsample and test those hypotheses using another subsample. DENTAL DATA SUMMARY - HANES I DENTAL TAPE SUMMARY - HANES I Positions CATALOG NUMBER - 4235 .................................................. 201 Denture Status Upper arch ............................................................. 211 Lower arch ............................................................. 212 Indices Simplified Debris ...................................................... 213 Simplified Calculus .................................................... 216 Simplified Oral Hygiene ................................................ 219 Periodontal Index for Upper Arch ....................................... 222 Periodontal Index for Lower Arch ....................................... 225 Periodontal Index for Mouth ............................................ 228 Periodontal Classification, Upper Arch ................................. 231 Periodontal Classification, Lower Arch ................................. 232 Periodontal Classification, Mouth ...................................... 233 Total Permanent Teeth Present .......................................... 234 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Normal Teeth Present ............................................. 240 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Permanent Teeth Erupted .......................................... 246 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Non-Functional Carious Permanent Teeth Present ................... 252 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Decayed Permanent Teeth .......................................... 258 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Missing Permanent Teeth .......................................... 264 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Teeth Missing for Unknown Reason ................................. 270 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Teeth Extracted for Reason Other than Caries ..................... 276 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Filled Permanent Teeth Without Decay ............................. 278 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Filled Defective Permanent Teeth ................................. 284 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Sum of Decayed, Missing and Filled Permanent Teeth ..................... 290 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Tape Positions Total Teeth Replaced on Satisfactory Fixed Bridge ...................... 296 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Teeth Replaced on Defective Fixed Bridge ......................... 302 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Teeth Replaced on Satisfactory Removable Partial Denture ......... 308 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Teeth Replaced on Defective Removable Partial Denture ............ 314 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Primary Teeth Present ............................................ 320 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Normal Primary Teeth Present ..................................... 326 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Decayed Primary Teeth ............................................ 332 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Non-Functional Carious Primary Teeth ............................. 338 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Total Unerupted Primary Teeth for Ages 1-2 Years ....................... 344 Total Filled Primary Teeth Without Decay ............................... 346 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Filled Defective Primary Teeth ......................................... 352 (Upper Arch, Lower Arch, Mouth) Sum of Decayed, Non-Functional and Filled Primary Teeth ................ 358 Treatment Needs No Apparent Need for Dental Care ....................................... 364 Removal of Debris and Calculus ......................................... 365 Gingivitis Treatment ................................................... 366 Periodontal Disease Treatment .......................................... 367 Severe Malocclusion Treatment .......................................... 368 Decayed Permanent Teeth ................................................ 369 Number of 1-Surface Fillings ........................................... 370 Number of 2-Surface Fillings ........................................... 372 Number of 3-(or more) Surface Fillings ................................. 374 Number of Extractions Indicated ........................................ 376 Extractions, Periodontal Disease ....................................... 378 Number of Teeth to be Extracted ........................................ 379 Extractions, Other Reason .............................................. 381 Number of Teeth to be Extracted ........................................ 382 Tape Positions Fixed Bridges and/or Partial Removable Dentures Indicated for Replacing Teeth ........................................ 384 Number of Upper Teeth .................................................. 385 Number of Lower Teeth .................................................. 387 Number of Bridges ...................................................... 389 Number of Partials ..................................................... 390 Repair or Reline of Denture or Bridge .................................. 391 Repair Upper ........................................................... 392 Repair Lower ........................................................... 393 Reline Upper ........................................................... 394 Reline Lower ........................................................... 395 Construct Full Dentures (need/no need) ................................. 396 What to Construct ...................................................... 397 Decayed Primary Teeth (need/no need) ................................... 398 Number of 1-Surface Fillings ........................................... 399 Number of 2-Surface Fillings ........................................... 401 Number of 3-(or more) Surface Fillings ................................. 403 Number of Extractions Indicated ........................................ 405 Occlusion Data Buccal Segment Relationship Right (Permanent/Primary) ............................................ 407 Left (Permanent/Primary) ............................................. 409 Posterior Crossbite Right Buccal ......................................................... 411 Right Lingual ........................................................ 412 Left Buccal .......................................................... 413 Left Lingual ......................................................... 414 Incisor Vertical Relationship Openbite/Overbite .................................................... 415 HLD Index Overjet .............................................................. 416 Mandibular Protrusion ................................................ 418 Overbite ............................................................. 420 Openbite ............................................................. 422 Malaligned Teeth Applicable/Not applicable ............................................ 424 Upper Anterior-minor ................................................. 425 Upper Anterior-major ................................................. 426 Upper Posterior-minor ................................................ 427 Upper Posterior-major ................................................ 428 Tape Positions Malaligned Teeth Lower Anterior-minor ................................................. 429 Lower Anterior-major ................................................. 430 Lower Posterior-minor ................................................ 431 Lower Posterior-major ................................................ 432 Orthodontic Appliances ............................................... 433 Was Biopsy Done ........................................................ 434 Depth in microns ....................................................... 435 Parts per Million Fluoride ............................................. 439 Denture Questions When you eat, do you use an upper plate? ............................... 444 When you eat, do you use a lower plate? ................................ 445 Interview Questions Do you have any trouble chewing steaks, chops or firm meats? ........... 446 Do you have any trouble biting apples, or corn-on-the-cob? ............. 447 Do you have any trouble biting or chewing any other foods? ............. 448 Four or More Pairs of Opposing Serviceable Posterior Teeth ............. 449 Other Conditions - Indicator of Vitamin C Deficiency Bleeding Gums ........................................................ 450 Diffuse Marginal Inflammation ........................................ 451 Swollen Red Papillae ................................................. 452 Recession............................................................ 453 RECORD LAYOUT, DENTAL DATA HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (HANES I) DENTAL TAPE DESCRIPTION (n = 20749) Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 201- Catalog Number Dental Examination 204 4235 205- Blank - Data User Work Area 210 DENTURE STATUS 211 Upper arch 0 - Dentulous 16717 1 - Edentulous, denture absent 318 2 - Edentulous, denture present 2416 3 - Edentulous, denture defective 818 4 - Edentulous, denture status unknown 447 6 - No teeth erupted, ages 1-2 33 212 Lower arch 0 - Dentulous 17962 1 - Edentulous, denture absent 429 2 - Edentulous, denture present 1530 3 - Edentulous, denture defective 578 4 - Edentulous, denture status unknown 216 6 - No teeth erupted, ages 1-2 34 INDICES: POSITIONS 213-233 See Detailed Notes. 213- Simplified Debris Index (DI-S) 215 0.00-3.00 - (Decimal point not on tape) 13981 999 - Data missing or none of teeth used for DI-S were present 6768 216- Simplified Calculus Index (CI-S) 218 0.00-3.00 - (Decimal point not on tape) 13981 999 - Data missing or none of teeth used for CI-S were present 6768 219- Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) 221 0.00-6.00 - (Decimal point not on tape) 13981 999 - Data missing or none of teeth used for OHI-S were present 6768 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 222- Periodontal Index for Upper Arch (PIU) Dental Examination 224 0.00-8.00 - (Decimal point not on tape) 16656 888 - Inconsistent data 32 999 - N/A - Edentulous Arch, or all present teeth are nonfunc- tional carious with all surfaces decayed and no PI scored, or no teeth erupted (ages 1-2) 4061 225- Periodontal Index for Lower Arch (PIL) 227 0.00-8.00 - (Decimal point not on tape) 17864 888 - Inconsistent data 80 999 - N/A - Edentulous Arch, or all present teeth are nonfunc- tional carious with all surfaces decayed and no PI scored, or no teeth erupted (ages 1-2) 2805 228- Periodontal Index for Mouth (PI) 230 0.00-8.00 - (Decimal point not on tape) 18020 999 - Both arches edentulous or all present teeth are non- functional carious with all surfaces decayed and no PI scored, or no teeth erupted (ages 1-2) 2729 231 Periodontal Classification, Upper Arch 1 - Zero Perio (no periodontal disease; PIU less than 0.05) 11366 2 - Gingivitis 3383 3 - Pockets 779 4 - 4+ pockets 1128 5 - Inconsistent data 32 6 - Edentulous or all teeth present are nonfunctional carious with all surfaces decayed and no PI scored 4028 7 - No teeth erupted, ages 1-2 33 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 232 Periodontal Classification, Lower Arch Dental Examination 1 - Zero Perio (no periodontal disease; PIL less than 0.05) 11455 2 - Gingivitis 3901 3 - Pockets 740 4 - 4+ pockets 1768 5 - Inconsistent data 80 6 - Edentulous or all teeth present are nonfunctional carious with all sur- faces decayed and no PI scored 2771 7 - No teeth erupted, ages 1-2 34 233 Periodontal Classification, Mouth 1 - Zero Perio (no periodontal disease; PI less than 0.05) 11371 2 - Gingivitis 3649 3 - Pockets 771 4 - 4+ pockets 2229 5 - Inconsistent data 0 6 - Both arches edentulous or all teeth present are nonfunctional carious with all surfaces decayed and no PI scored 2705 7 - No teeth erupted, ages 1-2 24 COUNTS: POSITIONS 234-363 See Detailed Notes. Total Permanent Teeth Present (PRM) 234-5 Upper Arch: 00-16 as given 20749 236-7 Lower Arch: 00-16 as given 20749 238-9 Mouth: 00-32 as given 20749 Total Normal Permanent Teeth Present (N) 240-1 Upper Arch: 00-16 as given 20749 242-3 Lower Arch: 00-16 as given 20749 244-5 Mouth: 00-32 as given 20749 Total Permanent Teeth Erupted (PTE) 246-7 Upper Arch: 00-16 as given 20749 248-9 Lower Arch: 00-16 as given 20749 250-1 Mouth: 00-32 as given 20749 Total Non-Functional Carious Permanent Teeth Present (XD) 252-3 Upper Arch: 00-15 as given 20749 254-5 Lower Arch: 00-16 as given 20749 256-7 Mouth: 00-27 as given 20749 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source Total Decayed Permanent Teeth Dental Examination Present (D) 258-9 Upper Arch: 00-15 as given 20749 260-1 Lower Arch: 00-11 as given 20749 262-3 Mouth: 00-25 as given 20749 Total Missing Permanent Teeth (because of caries) (M) 264-5 Upper Arch: 00-16 as given 20749 266-7 Lower Arch: 00-16 as given 20749 268-9 Mouth: 00-32 as given 20749 Total Teeth Missing for Unknown Reason (MUNK) 270-1 Upper Arch: 00-08 as given 20749 272-3 Lower Arch: 00-08 as given 20749 274-5 Mouth: 00-11 as given 20749 Total Teeth Extracted for Reason Other Than Caries (XTR) 276-7 00-20 as given 20749 Total Filled Permanent Teeth Without Decay (F) 278-9 Upper Arch: 00-16 as given 20749 280-1 Lower Arch: 00-15 as given 20749 282-3 Mouth: 00-28 as given 20749 Total Filled Defective Permanent Teeth (FD) 284-5 Upper Arch: 00-07 as given 20749 286-7 Lower Arch: 00-08 as given 20749 288-9 Mouth: 00-10 as given 20749 Sum of Decayed (D), Missing (M), and Filled (F) Permanent Teeth (DMF) 290-1 Upper Arch: 00-16 as given 20749 292-3 Lower Arch: 00-16 as given 20749 294-5 Mouth: 00-32 as given 20749 Total Teeth Replaced on Satisfactory Fixed Bridge (RF) 296-7 Upper Arch: 00-07 as given 20749 298-9 Lower Arch: 00-07 as given 20749 300-1 Mouth: 00-10 as given 20749 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source Total Teeth Replaced on Defective Dental Examination Foxed Bridge (RR) 302-3 Upper Arch: 00-07 as given 20749 304-5 Lower Arch: 00-07 as given 20749 306-7 Mouth: 00-09 as given 20749 Total Teeth Replaced on Satisfactory Removable Partial Denture (RFD) 308-9 Upper Arch: 00-14 as given 20749 310-1 Lower Arch: 00-12 as given 20749 312-3 Mouth: 00-21 as given 20749 Total Teeth Replaced on Defective Removable Partial Denture (RRD) 314-5 Upper Arch: 00-14 as given 20749 316-7 Lower Arch: 00-14 as given 20749 318-9 Mouth: 00-28 as given 20749 Total Primary Teeth Present (PRI) 320-1 Upper Arch: 00-10 as given 20749 322-3 Lower Arch: 00-10 as given 20749 324-5 Mouth: 00-20 as given 20749 Total Normal Primary Teeth Present (NI) 326-7 Upper Arch: 00-10 as given 20749 328-9 Lower Arch: 00-10 as given 20749 330-1 Mouth: 00-20 as given 20749 Total Decayed Primary Teeth (d) (includes filled teeth with carious lesions or defective fillings) 332-3 Upper Arch: 00-10 as given 20749 334-5 Lower Arch: 00-10 as given 20749 336-7 Mouth: 00-20 as given 20749 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source Total Nonfunctional Carious Primary Dental Examination Teeth (e) 338-9 Upper Arch: 00-10 as given 20749 340-1 Lower Arch: 00-08 as given 20749 342-3 Mouth: 00-16 as given 20749 Total Unerupted Primary Teeth for Ages 1-2 Years (DTE) 344-5 00-20 as given 20749 Total Filled Primary Teeth Without Decay (f) 346-7 Upper Arch: 00-09 as given 20749 348-9 Lower Arch: 00-07 as given 20749 350-1 Mouth: 00-13 as given 20749 Filled Defective Primary Teeth (fd) Removable Partial Denture (RRD) 352-3 Upper Arch: 00-02 as given 20749 354-5 Lower Arch: 00-03 as given 20749 356-7 Mouth: 00-04 as given 20749 Sum of Decayed (d), Nonfunctional (e), and Filled (f) Primary Teeth (def) 358-9 Upper Arch: 00-10 as given 20749 360-1 Lower Arch: 00-10 as given 20749 362-3 Mouth: 00-20 as given 20749 TREATMENT NEEDS: POSITIONS 364-406 See Detailed Notes. 364 No Apparent Need for Dental Care 0 - No need 7921 1 - Need(s) present as given below 12828 365 Removal of Debris and Calculus 0 - No need 13846 1 - Need indicated 6903 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 366 Gingivitis Treatment Dental Examination 0 - No need 17391 1 - Need indicated 3358 367 Periodontal Disease Treatment 0 - No need 18640 1 - Need indicated 2109 368 Severe Malocclusion Treatment 0 - No need 20422 1 - Need indicated 327 369 Decayed Permanent Teeth: Positions 369-377 0 - No need 13630 1 - Needs as given below 7119 370- Number of 1 - Surface Fillings 371 00-20 - As given 20749 372- Number of 2 - Surface Fillings 373 00-20 - As given 20749 374- Number of 3 - (or more) Surface 375 Fillings 00-20 - As given 20749 376- Number of Extractions Indicated 377 00-27 - As given 20749 378 Extractions, Periodontal Disease: Positions 378-380 0 - No need 20080 1 - Need indicated 669 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 379- Number of Teeth to be Extracted Dental Examination 380 00-31 - As given 20749 381 Extractions, Other Reason: Positions 381-383 0 - No need 20087 1 - Need indicated 662 382- Number of Teeth to be Extracted 383 00-21 - As given 20749 384 Fixed Bridges and/or Partial Removable Dentures Indicated for Replacing Teeth: Positions 384-390 0 - No need 17532 1 - Need indicated 3217 385- Number of Upper Teeth 386 00-16 - As given 20749 387- Number of Lower Teeth 388 00-13 - As given 20749 389 Number of Bridges 0-5 - As given 20749 390 Number of Partials 0-4 - As given 20749 391 Repair or Reline of Denture or Bridge: Positions 391-395 0 - No need 20154 1 - Need indicated 595 392 Repair Upper 0 - Not applicable 20649 1 - Full denture 77 2 - Partial denture 23 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 393 Repair Lower 0 - Not applicable 20682 Dental Examination 1 - Full denture 40 2 - Partial denture 27 394 Reline Upper 0 - Not applicable 20352 1 - Full denture 381 2 - Partial denture 16 395 Reline Lower 0 - Not applicable 20443 1 - Full denture 289 2 - Partial denture 17 396 Construct Full Dentures: Positions 396-397 0 - No need 18919 1 - Need indicated 1830 397 What to Construct 0 - Not applicable 18919 1 - Full upper 387 2 - Full lower 258 3 - Full upper and full lower 1185 398 Decayed Primary Teeth: Positions 398-406 0 - No need 19367 1 - Needs as given below 1382 399- Number of 1 - Surface Fillings 400 00-13 - As given 20749 401- Number of 2 - Surface Fillings 402 00-10 - As given 20749 403- Number of 3 - (or more) Surface 404 Fillings 00-12 - As given 20749 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 405- Number of Extractions Indicated Dental Examination 406 00-16 - As given 20749 OCCLUSION DATA - POSITIONS 407-433 See Detailed Notes. Buccal Segment Relationship 407- Right 408 Permanent Teeth 01 - Mesial - severe 102 02 - Mesial - moderate 198 03 - Normal 3141 04 - Distal - moderate 398 05 - Distal - severe 155 Primary Teeth 06 - Mesial - severe 0 07 - Mesial - moderate 2 08 - Normal 46 09 - Distal - severe 1 10 - Distal - severe 0 99 - Not applicable 16706 409- Left 410 Permanent Teeth 01 - Mesial - severe 97 02 - Mesial - moderate 193 03 - Normal 3172 04 - Distal - moderate 391 05 - Distal - severe 141 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source Primary Teeth Dental Examination 06 - Mesial - severe 0 07 - Mesial - moderate 1 08 - Normal 46 09 - Distal - moderate 2 10 - Distal - severe 0 99 - Not applicable 16706 Posterior Crossbite 411 Right Buccal 0-4 - Number of teeth 4026 9 - Not applicable 16723 412 Right Lingual 0-5 - Number of teeth 4029 9 - Not applicable 16720 413 Left Buccal 0-5 - Number of teeth 4030 9 - Not applicable 16719 414 Left Lingual 0-5 - Number of teeth 4036 9 - Not applicable 16713 415 Incisor Vertical Relationship Openbite: 1 - Over 4 mm. 26 2 - Greater than 2, but less than or equal to 4 mm. 34 3 - 0 to 2 mm. 131 Overbite: 4 - Incisal 3rd 1590 5 - Middle 3rd 1581 6 - Gingival 3rd 448 7 - Tissue 34 8 - Impinging 40 9 - Not applicable 16865 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source HLD (Handicapping Labio-Langual Deviations) Index (xx.-mm) Dental Examination 416- Overjet 417 00-33 - As given 3814 99 - Not applicable 16935 418- Mandibular Protrusion 419 00-08 - As given 64 99 - Not applicable 20685 420- Overbite 421 00-11 - As given 3685 99 - Not applicable 17064 422- Openbite 423 00-20 - As given 175 99 - Not applicable 20574 Malaligned Teeth 424 Not Applicable 0 - Applicable 3878 1 - Not applicable 16871 425 Upper Anterior - Minor 0-6 - As given 3858 9 - Not applicable or not given 16891 426 Upper Anterior - Major 0-6 - As given 3862 9 - Not applicable or not given 16887 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 427 Upper Posterior - Minor Dental Examination 0-5 - As given 3861 9 - Not applicable or not given 16888 428 Upper Posterior - Major 0-4 - As given 3864 9 - Not applicable or not given 16885 429 Lower Anterior - Minor 0-6 - As given 3851 9 - Not applicable or not given 16898 430 Lower Anterior - Major 0-6 - As given 3861 9 - Not applicable or not given 16888 431 Lower Posterior - Minor 0-4 - As given 3861 9 - Not applicable or not given 16888 432 Lower Posterior - Major 0-4 - As given 3865 9 - Not applicable or not given 16884 433 Orthodontic Appliances 0 - Absent 20623 1 - Present 126 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source ENAMEL BIOPSY: POSITIONS 434-443 Dental Examination See Detailed Notes. 434 Was biopsy done? 0 - Yes, no data received 283 1 - Yes, tooth number unknown 387 2 - No, teeth absent 7115 3 - No, equipment failure 1242 4 - No, other reason 5279 5 - No, reason unknown 1349 6 - Yes, tooth number 10 10 7 - Yes, tooth number 7 16 8 - Yes, tooth number 8 2550 9 - Yes, tooth number 9 2518 435- Depth in microns 438 0025-1537 - As given 5481 Blank 15268 439- Parts per million Fluoride 443 00021-24786 - As given 5481 Blank 15268 OTHER DATA - POSITIONS 444-453 444 When you eat, do you use an upper plate? 0 - No 327 1 - Yes 3268 8 - Unknown 408 9 - Not edentulous or under 5 years of age 16746 445 When you eat, do you use a lower plate? 0 - No 439 1 - Yes 2110 8 - Unknown 208 9 - Not edentulous or under 5 years of age 17992 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 446 Do you have any trouble chewing steaks, Dental Examination chops or firm meats? 0 - No 14022 1 - Yes 1775 9 - Under 12 years of age 4952 447 Do you have any trouble biting apples or corn-on-the-cob? 0 - No 13898 1 - Yes 1899 9 - Under 12 years of age 4952 448 Do you have any trouble biting or chewing any other foods? 0 - No 14368 1 - Yes 1429 9 - Under 12 years of age 4952 449 Four or More Pairs of Opposing Serviceable Posterior Teeth See Detailed Notes. 0 - Absent 3135 1 - Present 17554 8 - Unknown (edentulous, dental status unknown in one or both arches) 60 NOTE: Data in this field are not fully edited. Inconsistencies may be found. Other Conditions: Indicators of Vitamin C Deficiency 450 Bleeding Gums 0 - No 17558 1 - Yes 472 9 - Not applicable (fully edentulous) 2719 451 Diffuse Marginal Inflammation 0 - No 14198 1 - Yes 3832 9 - Not applicable (fully edentulous) 2719 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 452 Swollen Red Papillae Dental Examination 0 - No 16168 1 - Yes 1862 9 - Not applicable (fully edentulous) 2719 453 Recession 0 - No 16009 1 - Yes 2021 9 - Not applicable (fully edentulous) 2719 454- Blank - Data user work area 500 DETAILED NOTES, DENTAL DATA Tape Positions 234-363 - Counts (Reference List) DETAILED NOTE TAPE POSITIONS 234-363 Not Counted Count Includes Is a Subset of Overlaps elsewhere PRM N, XD, D, F, FD PTE M, DMF N PRM, PTE PTE PRM, N, XD, D, M, XTR, F, RF, RR, RFD, RRD FD, DMF XD PRM, PTE, M, DMF D FD PRM, PTE, DMF M XD PTE, DMF PRM, RF, RR, RFD, RRD MUNK MUNK XTR PTE RF, RR, RFD, RRD F PRM, PTE, DMF FD PRM, PTE, D, DMF DMF XD, D, M, F, FD PTE PRM, RF, RR, RFD, RRD RF PTE, M, XTR, DMF RR PTE, M, XTR, DMF RFD PTE, M, XTR, DMF RRD PTE, M, XTR, DMF PRI NI, d, e, f, fd, def NI PRI d fd PRI, def e PRI, def DTE DTE f PRI, def fd PRI, d, def def d, e, f, fd PRI NOTE: This is a reference list to show how the counts are related, not how they were constructed. The relationship of each count to all other counts is given where a relationship exists. Tape Positions 222-230 - Nonfunctional Carious Teeth DETAILED NOTES TAPE POSITIONS 222-230 There are 65 records in which the only present teeth are nonfunctional carious: 1) In ten of these records all tooth surfaces are decayed and there is no Periodontal disease; in these 10 records the Periodontal index for the arch(es) containing teeth is 999. 2) In the other 55 records, not all of the tooth surfaces are decayed or there is Periodontal disease; in these 55 records, the PI for the arch(es) containing teeth is in the range 0.00-8.00. Tape Pos. 213-233 - Periodontal & Simplified Oral Hygiene Index DETAILED NOTES TAPE POSITIONS 213-233 Periodontal Index (PI) and Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) The periodontal disease status and oral hygiene status of the sample persons who participated in the health and nutrition examinations conducted during 1971-75 were assessed by the Periodontal Index and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, respectively. The procedures for scoring and calculating the two indexes follow. The Periodontal Index (PI) Scores are assigned according to these criteria: 0 Negative. There is neither overt inflammation in the investingt issues nor loss of function due to destruction of supporting tissues. 1 Mild gingivitis. There is an overt area of inflammation in the free gingivae, but the area does not circumscribe the tooth. 2 Gingivitis. Inflammation completely circumscribes the tooth, but there is no apparent break in the epithelial attachment. 6 Gingivitis with pocket formation. The epithelial attachment has been broken and there is a pocket (not merely a deepened gingival crevice due to swelling in the free gingivae). There is no interference with normal masticatory function; the tooth is firm in its socket and has not drifted. 8 Advanced destruction with loss of masticatory function. The tooth may be loose; may have drifted; may sound dull on percussion with a metallic instrument. RULE: When in doubt, assign the lesser score. Each tooth present in the amount, unless it is a root, is scored, and the arithmetic average of all scores is the individual's PI. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) Selected surfaces of six teeth are used in making this estimation of oral hygiene status. For the purposes of this examination, each surface that is used, buccal or lingual, is considered to encompass half of the circumference of the tooth. The buccal surface of a molar, for example, is considered to include half of the mesial surface and half of the distal. On both sides of the arch the posterior tooth assessed is the most anterior fully erupted permanent molar or, in its absence, the most distal fully erupted primary molar. In most cases, this will be a first permanent molar, but in others, it may be a first or second primary molar or a second permanent molar. The buccal surfaces of upper molars and the lingual of lowers are examined. In the anterior portion of the mouth, the labial surfaces of the upper right central incisor and the lower left central incisor are examined. When these teeth are missing, only the adjacent central incisor is examined. Examining for oral debris.--The surface area covered by debris is estimated by running a number five explorer along the surface being examined and noting the occlusal or incisal extent of the debris as it is removed from the tooth surface and adheres to the explorer. Scores are assigned according to the following criteria: 0 No debris or stain present. 1 (a) Soft debris covering not more than the gingival third of the tooth surface, or (b) the presence of extrinsic stains without debris regardless of surface area covered. 2 Soft debris covering more than one-third but not more than two-thirds of the exposed tooth surface. 3 Soft debris covering more than two-thirds of the exposed tooth surface. Examining for oral calculus.--A number five explorer is also used to estimate surface area covered by supragingival calculus and to probe for subgingival calculus. Scores are assigned according to the following criteria: 0 No calculus present. 1 Supragingival calculus covering not more than one-third of the exposed tooth surface. 2 Supragingival calculus covering more than one-third but not more than two-thirds of the exposed tooth surface, and/or the presence of individual flecks of subgingival calculus around the cervical portion of the tooth. 3 Supragingival calculus covering more than two-thirds of the exposed tooth surface and/or a continuous heavy band of subgingival calculus around the cervical portion of the tooth. Calculating the index.--The debris scores are totaled and divided by the number of surfaces scored to obtain the Simplified Debris Index. The simplified Calculus Index is determined similarly. The debris and calculus scores are then added to give the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. Tape Positions 213-221 - Oral Hygiene Index DETAILED NOTES TAPE POSITIONS 213-221 Oral Hygiene Index Oral hygiene status is measured on the upper and lower molars and central incisors on each side. At least two of six predesignated natural permanent teeth must be present (see detailed note for Simplified Oral Hygiene Index, tape positions 213-233). For 27 children aged 6-8 years, only the upper and lower anterior teeth were present, but since they were not fully erupted, oral hygiene measurements were not recorded. Oral hygiene may also not have been recorded if orthodonic applicances were present, regardless of age. For children without fully erupted anterior permanent teeth, the oral hygiene score may have been recorded as "000" instead of "999." No computer edits were done on the original oral hygiene data, from which index values were calculated, for children under 6 years of age. Scores of "999" may also appear for the oral hygiene status of persons with no periodontal disease and no recorded need for the removal of debris and calculus. It should be noted that the need for removal of debris and calculus may apply to teeth other than those on which oral hygiene is measured, however. Tape Positions 234-363 - Counts DETAILED NOTES TAPE POSITIONS 234-363 Counts Since there are sixteen possible permanent teeth in both the upper and lower arch, the ranges of codes for counts of permanent teeth are 00-16 for each arch and 00-32 for the mouth. Since there are ten possible primary teeth in each arch, the primary counts have code ranges 00-10 for each arch, 00-20 for the mouth. Since third molars are not replaced on fixed bridges, the counts of teeth replaced on a fixed bridge range from 00-14 for each arch, and 00-28 for the mouth. Codes actually present in the data file may not include all the codes in these possible ranges. For example, the count called "Total teeth extracted for reasons other than caries" has a possible range of 00-32, but there are no records having counts of 10-19 or 21-32. Every record contains every count; an adult record will have 00 for counts of primary teeth present. Tape Positions 364-406 - Treatment Needs DETAILED NOTES TAPE POSITIONS 364-406 Treatment Needs As with the tooth counts, all possible codes may not occur in the data file. If "No need" (Position 364) is coded "0," all other treatment needs (Positions 365-406) will be coded "0." If "No need" is coded "1," at least one other item in Positions 365-406 will be coded as showing a need. For any item that has a lead-in field coded "0" for "No need," the rest of that item will be coded "0;" if the lead-in field is coded "1," some other field in that item will have non-zero data. For example, in "Construct Full Dentures," if Position 396 is "0," then Position 397 will be "0;" if Position 396 is "1," then Position 397 will be "1," "2," or "3." If both arches are edentulous, then all needs except "Repair/Reline Denture or Bridge" (Positions 391-395) and "Construct Dentures" (Positions 396-397) will be "0." These may also be "0" if no need is indicated. Tape Positions 407-433 - Occulsion Data DETAILED NOTES TAPE POSITIONS 407-433 Occulsion Data These data fields are applicable only for ages 9-21 years. For records within this age range, these fields will be coded as "Not applicable" if orthodontic appliances are present or if both arches are edentulous. The HLD Index (Positions 416-423) will be coded "Not applicable" unless one upper and one lower fully erupted central incisor are present. If the "Not applicable" code for "Malalignment" (Position 424) is coded "1," occlusion data fields may all be coded "Not applicable," or only some of them coded otherwise. When some of the fields were coded other than "Not applicable," the measurements are included even though there was insufficient data for calculating Treatment Priority Indexes. Tape Positions 434-443 - Enamel Biopsy DETAILED NOTES TAPE POSITIONS 434-443 Enamel Biopsy At least one of the four upper central and lateral incisors must be present. When an enamel biopsy was taken, the dentist attempted to remove the enamel to a depth ranging from only 2.0 to 2.5 microns. Controlling the speed of the motor driving the felt cone that was used to apply the abrasive proved very hard to do. As a result, many of the enamel samples were taken at depths either shallower or deeper than desirable. Since the fluoride content of enamel is increasingly greater as the surface of a tooth is approached, it is necessary, before using the findings on fluoride content, to adjust them for differences in the depth at which they were taken. The formula developed by the National Center for Health Statistics to make the adjustment is as follows: F1A = F1 (1287817) 488502+159863 depth Tape Pos. 449-4 or More Pairs Opposing Serviceable Posterior Teeth DETAILED NOTES TAPE POSITIONS 449 Four or More Pairs of Opposing Serviceable Posterior Teeth This field pertains to the posterior five teeth, artificial or natural, on each side of both arches. One of these five teeth must have been present in each of the four quadrants for this field to be coded "1." It was found in editing that 1762 records were coded "1" when it was not clear whether the required teeth were present; 426 records were coded "0" when the teeth were present. The coding was not changed, but the user should be aware of possible updating of this field. Most inconsistencies seemed to occur in the older examinees.
