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Scientific Data Documentation
Dietary Frequency and Adequacy Data (1971-75)
DSN: CC37.HANES1.DIETFR ABSTRACT HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY, 1971-1975 Contents HANES 1971-1975 Description of Survey Target Population Data Collection Use of HANES Data Errors in the Data Sets and Survey Differences Variance Estimation General Notes Demographic Data Demographic Data Summary Record Layout Demographic Data Detailed Notes Demographic Data DESCRIPTION OF SURVEY Description of Survey: A detailed description of the design, content and operation of HANES I is provided in the following reports: Plan and Opera- tion of the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, DHEW Pub. No. (HSM) 73- 1310, Series 1, Nos. 10a and 10b, Public Health Service, Washington, D. C., U. S. Government Printing Office, February 1973. Also provided is a draft report on the augmentation survey of adults describing the relevant field work conducted between July 1974 and October 1975. TARGET POPULATION Target Population: HANES I was conducted on a nationwide probability sample of approximately 32,000 persons, ages 1-74 years, from the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the coterminous United States, excepting those persons residing on Indian reservations. The survey started in April 1971 and for many survey components was completed in June 1974. The HANES I sample was selected so that certain population groups thought to be at high risk of malnutrition (persons with low incomes, preschool children, women of childbearing age and the elderly) were oversampled at known rates. Adjusted sampling weights were then computed within 60 age, sex and race categories in order to inflate the sample in such a manner as to closely reflect the noninstitutionalized population, ages 1-74 years, of the United States at the midpoint of the survey. Although the main emphasis of HANES I was on nutrition, a subset of those sample persons aged 25-74 received a more detailed health examination which was continued through October 1975. No particular oversampling of subgroups of the population was done in this subsample (e.g., women of childbearing age were not oversampled as they were for the major nutrition component of HANES I). This subsample is also representative of the United States population aged 25-74 during the time of HANES I. After the nutrition survey was completed, the detailed examination given to the 25-74 age group was continued until the total number of examined persons was approximately double the number of examinees who received the detailed examination during the nutrition survey. DATA COLLECTION Data Collection: Information for all examined sample persons in HANES I was obtained by means of a household interview, a general medical history, a 24-hour dietary intake recall interview, a food frequency interview, a food program questionnaire, a general medical examination, dental, dermatological and ophthalmological examinations, anthropometric measurement, hand-wrist x-rays (of those ages 1-17 only) and 24 hematological, blood chemistry, and urological laboratory determinations. In addition to the information received on all examined persons by means of the above questionnaires, procedures and measurements, the following data were gathered on the subsample of adults aged 25-74: a medical history supplement; supplementary questionnaires concerning arthritis, respiratory and cardiovascular conditions (when applicable); a health care needs question- naire; a general well-being questionnaire; an extended medical examination; x-rays of the chest and hip and knee joints; audiometry, electrocardiography; goniometry; spirometry; pulmonary diffusion and tuberculin tests; along with additional laboratory determinations. USE OF HANES DATA With the goal of mutual benefit, NCHS requests the cooperation of recipients of data tapes in certain actions related to their use: A. Any published material derived from the data should acknowledge the National Center for Health Statistics as the original source. It should also include a disclaimer which credits any analyses, interpretations, or conclusions reached to the author (recipient of the tape) and not to NCHS, which is responsible only for the initial data. B. Consumers who wish to publish a technical description of the data will make a reasonable effort to insure that the description is not inconsistent with that published by NCHS. This does not mean, however that NCHS will review such descriptions. ERRORS IN THE DATA SETS AND SURVEY DIFFERENCES The data users' tapes have been subjected to a great deal of careful editing. However, due to the large volume of data in the series, it is likely that a small number of errors or discrepancies remain undetected. We would appre- ciate if any such errors are detected that they be brought to our attention so that new corrected copies of the tape can be created and errata sheets issued to previous purchasers. Some of the continuous data items have extremely high or low values and we have verified that they do in fact appear that way on the hard documents; that is, we have verified that the values have not been incorrectly keyed. In general, we have not attempted to resolve any differences that may exist between estimates derived from the various subsamples of HANES I. Nor have we made any comparisons between estimates from HANES I and previous surveys conducted by the Division of Health Examination Statistics. VARIANCE ESTIMATION Because the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is based upon a complex sample design, the assumptions of many statistical tests and routinely avail- able statistical programs are not met. For this reason, when estimates of the variances of statistics from HANES are computed, the technique of estimation must be based upon complex sampling theory. In order to provide the user with the capability of estimating the complex sample variances, we have provided Strata and Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) codes on the HANES user tapes in tape positions 194-198. However, these codes are suitable for making variance estimates only for examination locations 1-65 and 1-100. To compute variance estimates for examination locations 1-35 or 66-100, it is necessary to recode the current Strata-PSU codes according to the specifications that follow. The resultant recoded Strata-PSU codes should be used only for locations 1-35 and 66-100. One computer program that should be widely available sometime around the summer of 1978 as part of the Statistical Analysis System (available from the SAS Institute, Inc., Post Office Box 10066, Raleigh, North Carolina 27605) is capable of using the Strata-PSU codes provided for HANES to compute complex sample variances. Other programs may also be available. In those Strata, referred to as certainty or self-representing Strata, the PSU codes are actually the segment numbers. Neither the Strata codes nor the PSU codes are the original codes used in the formation of the HANES sample design, but are nonetheless a unique Recoding of the original codes. For further discussion of the sample design of HANES, the user should consult the publications of the National Center for Health Statistics--Series-Nos. 10a and 14 and the detailed note for tape positions 158-193. Recode Specifications for Strata-PSU Codes First.--Create a files with only those records in the file for examination locations 1-35.* Second.--Retain 1he original Strata-PSU codes in Strata 7-10 and 13 in the original form as the recoded Strata-PSU codes. Third.--Recode the remaining strata according tot he chart below. Fourth.--Repeat the process for examination locations 66-100.* Old Strata # (tape positions 194-195) New Strata # New PSU 01 01 001 02 01 002 03 03 001 06 03 002 04 04 001 05 04 002 11 11 001 12 11 002 14 14 001 21 14 002 15 15 001 16 15 002 17 17 001 20 17 002 18 18 001 19 18 002 22 22 001 25 22 002 23 23 001 24 23 002 26 26 001 27 26 002 28 28 001 29 28 002 30 30 001 35 30 002 31 31 001 32 31 002 33 33 001 34 33 002 *See detailed note for tape positions 158-193. GENERAL NOTES, DEMOGRAPHIC DATA, HANES I Demographic Information: An advance letter, announcing the forthcoming arrival of an interviewer from the U. S. Bureau of the Census, was mailed to each household that fell into the sample area. The interviewer subsequently visited the household to ascertain its composition and to administer a ques- tionnaire, the primary purpose of which was to obtain demographic informa- tion. The questionnaire was administered to each potential sample person that was available and competent enough to respond to questions. In the event that a potential sample person was not at home at the time of inter- view, any responsible adult in the household was asked to respond to the questions for the absent person. Asterisks on the Tape Description: Some of the data items were obtained only for a particular subsample of HANES. Consequently some of these items appear to have a great deal of missing data (coded as blank) due to nonresponse, but in fact the data are missing because the design of HANES dictated that the item was to be obtained only for a particular subsample. (For further discussion of the various subsamples in HANES the user should see the detailed note for tape positions 158-193.) To alert the user to this fact asterisks were put on the tape des- cription. One asterisk denotes that the data item was obtained only on examinees at locations 1-65, two asterisks denote that it was ob- tained only at location 66-100 and three asterisks denote that it was obtained only on examinees receiving the detailed examination. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA SUMMARY - HANES I Tape Positions Sample sequence number ............................................. 1 Size of place ...................................................... 10 SMSA-not SMSA ...................................................... 11 Type of living quarters............................................. 12 Land usage ......................................................... 13 If rural, asked - How many acres of land are included .............. 14 If 10 acres/more asked - Sale of crops/etc. amount to $50 or more .. 15 If 10 acres/less asked - Sale of crops/etc. amount to $250 or more . 16 Age - head of household ............................................ 17 Sex - head of household ............................................ 19 Highest grade attended - head of household ......................... 20 Race - head of household ........................................... 22 Total number of persons in household ............................... 23 Total sample persons in household .................................. 25 Number of rooms in house ........................................... 27 Is there piped water ............................................... 28 If yes, is there hot and cold piped water .......................... 29 If yes to piped water - Does house have a sink with piped water .... 30 Does house have a range or cook stove .............................. 31 Does house have a refrigerator ..................................... 32 Are kitchen facilities used by anyone not living in household ...... 33 Total family income group .......................................... 34 NOTE: The following income questions were asked only if "Total Family Income" was less than $7,000 Tape Positions During Past Year Did you or Any Members of Your Family Receive Money From: Wages or salaries .................................................. 36 If yes - How much altogether before deductions ..................... 37 Social Security or Railroad Retirement ............................. 41 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 42 Welfare payments or other public assistance ........................ 46 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 47 Unemployment or Workman's Compensation ............................. 51 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 52 Government employee pensions or private pensions ................... 56 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 57 Dividends, interest or rent ........................................ 61 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 62 Net income from own non-farm business, professional practice or partnership ...................................................... 66 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 67 Net income from a farm ............................................. 71 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 72 Veteran's payments ................................................. 76 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 77 Alimony, child support or contributions from persons not living in household ........................................................ 81 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 82 Any other income ................................................... 86 If yes - How much altogether ...................................... 87 Total amount....................................................... 91 Family unit code ................................................... 95 Relationship to head of household .................................. 100 Age at interview ................................................... 101 Race of examined person ............................................ 103 Sex of examined person ............................................. 104 Marital status ..................................................... 105 Date of birth (month and year) ..................................... 106 Place of birth ..................................................... 110 Highest grade of regular school ever attended ...................... 112 Did he finish the grade ............................................ 114 Is he attending school now ......................................... 115 Has he ever attended a school of any kind .......................... 116 If yes - What kind of school ....................................... 117 Any language other than English frequently spoken in the household.. 118 If yes - What language ............................................. 119 What is your main ancestry or national origin ...................... 120 What was he doing most of past three months ........................ 122 If "something else" - What was he doing ............................ 123 If "keeping house" or "something else" - Did he work at a job or business at any time during the past three months ................ 124 If "working" - Did he work full-time or part-time .................. 125 Did he work at any time last week or week before (not around house). 126 If no - Even though he did not work during that time, does he have a job or business ................................................ 127 Tape Positions Was he looking for work or on lay-off from a job ................... 128 If yes - Which ..................................................... 129 Class of worker .................................................... 130 If self-employed in "own" business and not a farm, is the business incorporated ..................................................... 131 Business or industry code .......................................... 132 Occupation code .................................................... 135 Date of examination ................................................ 138 Age at examination ................................................. 144 Farm/non-farm ...................................................... 146 Poverty index ...................................................... 147 Region ............................................................. 150 FOOD PROGRAMS APPLICABILITY ........................................ 151 Are you certified to participate in the food stamp program? ........ 152 Are you buying food stamps now? .................................... 153 What is the main reason you aren't participating in the program? ... 154 Are you certified to participate in commodity distribution program?. 155 Are you receiving commodity foods now for your family? ............. 156 Why aren't you participating in the program? ....................... 157 SAMPLE WEIGHTS ..................................................... 158 STRATA - Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) ............................... 194RECORD LAYOUT, DEMOGRAPHIC DATA HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (HANES I) Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source DEMOGRAPHIC DATA 1-5 Sample Sequence Number 6-9 Catalog Number 10 Size of Place Urbanized area with: 1 - 3,000,000 or more Hshld Questionnaire 2 - 1,000,000 to 2,999,999 See Detailed Notes 3 - 250,000 to 999,999 4 - under 250,000 5 - Urban place 25,000 or more outside urbanized area 6 - Urban place 10,000 to 24,999 outside urbanized area 7 - Urban place 2,500 to 9,999 outside urbanized area 8 - Rural 11 SMSA - Not SMSA 1 - In SMSA, in central city Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - In SMSA, not in central city See Detailed Notes 3 - Not in SMSA 12 Type of Living Quarters 1 - Housing Unit Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Other unit 13 Land Usage 1 - All other Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Rural 7136 14 If Rural, asked How Many Acres of Land Are Included? Hsehld Questionnaire 1 - 10 or more acres 2 - Less than 10 acres 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 15 If 10 acres or more, asked if Sale of Crops, Etc. Amount to $50 or more? Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Yes 4 - No 9 - Not applicable 16 If 10 acres or less, asked if Sale of Crops, Etc. Amount to $250 or more? Hsehld Questionnaire 3 - Yes 5 - No 9 - Not applicable 17-18 Age - Head of Hsehld 16-92 as given Hsehld Questionnaire 00 Blank, but applicable 19 Sex - Head of Hsehld Hsehld Questionnaire 1 - Male 2 - Female 20-21 Highest Grade Attended - Head of Hsehld 10 - None Hsehld Questionnaire 21 - 1st grade 22 - 2nd grade 23 - 3rd grade 24 - 4th grade 25 - 5th grade 26 - 6th grade 27 - 7th grade 28 - 8th grade 31 - 9th grade 32 - 10th grade 33 - 11th grade 34 - 12th grade 41 - First year of college 42 - Second year of college 43 - Third year of college 44 - Fourth year of college 45 - Graduate 88 - Blank, but applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 22 Race - Head of Household 1 - White Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Negro See Detailed Notes 3 - Other 23-24 Total Number of Persons in Household 01-19 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 25-26 Total Sample Persons in Household 01-07 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 27 Number of Rooms in House 1-8 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 9 - 9 or more 28 Is there piped water? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 29 If yes Is there Hot and Cold piped water? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 9 - Not applicable 30 If yes to piped water - Does House Have a Sink with Piped Water? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 9 - Not applicable 31 Does House Have a Range or Cook Stove? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 32 Does House have a Regrigerator? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 33 Are kitchen facilities used by anyone not living in household? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 9 - Not applicable 34-35 Total Family Income Group 11 - Under $1,000(including loss) Hsehld Questionnaire 12 - $1,000-1,999 See Detailed Notes 13 - $2,000-2,999 14 - $3,000-3,999 15 - $4,000-4,999 16 - $5,000-5,999 17 - $6,000-6,999 18 - $7,000-9,999 19 - $10,000-14,999 20 - $15,000-19,999 21 - $20,000-24,999 22 - $25,000 and over 88 - Blank, but applicable NOTE: The following income questions were asked only if "Total Family Income" was less than $7,000 DURING PAST YEAR DID YOU OR ANY MEMBERS OF YOUR FAMILY RECEIVE MONEY FROM: 36 Wages or Salaries? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 37-40 If yes to above, how much altogether before deductions? 0001-8000 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 41 Social Security or Railroad Retirement? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 42-45 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 46 Welfare Payments or Other Public Assistance? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 47-50 If yes to above, hyow much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 51 Unemployment or Workmen's Compensation? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 52-55 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 56 Government Employee Pensions or Private Pensions? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 57-60 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 61 Dividends, interest or rent? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 62-65 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 66 Net income from own non-farm business, professional practice or partnership? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Loss 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 67-70 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0000-7500 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 71 Net income from a farm? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Loss 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 72-75 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0000-7500 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 76 Veteran's Payments? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 77-80 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 81 Alimony, child support or contributions from persons not living in Hsehld? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 82-85 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 86 Any other income? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 87-90 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6900 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 91-94 Total Amount (Total of Positions 37-90) 0000-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 95-99 FAMILY UNIT CODE Computer generated 00001-23180 See Detailed Notes 100 Relationship to Head of Household (Hsehld Questionnaire) 1 - Head (1 person living along or with non-relatives) 1920 2 - Head (2 or more related persons in family) 4912 3 - Wife 5256 4 - Child 7733 5 - Other relative 928 101-2 Age at Interview 01-74 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 103 Race of Examined Person 1 - White Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Negro See Detailed Notes 3 - Other 104 Sex of Examined Person 1 - Male Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Female 105 Marital Status 1 - Under 17 Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Married 3 - Widowed 4 - Never Married 5 - Divorced 6 - Separated 8 - Blank, but applicable 106-9 Date of Birth (month, year) 01-12 - Month as given Hsehld Questionnaire 00-99 - Year (1896-1973) as given 110-11 Place of Birth (As given) 01-02 Hsehld Questionnaire 04-06 See Detailed Notes 08-13 15-42 44-51 53-56 60-81 91-97 88 - Blank, but applicable 144 Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 112-13 Highest Grade of regular school ever attended? 10 - None Hsehld Questionnaire 21 - 1st grade 22 - 2nd grade 23 - 3rd grade 24 - 4th grade 25 - 5th grade 26 - 6th grade 27 - 7th grade 28 - 8th grade 31 - 9th grade 32 - 10th grade 33 - 11th grade 34 - 12th grade 41 - First year of college 42 - Second year of college 43 - Third year of college 44 - Fourth year of college 45 - Graduate 77 - Special school 88 - Blank, but applicable 99 - Not applicable 114 Did he finish the grade? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 115 Is he attending school now? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 116 Has he ever attended a school of any kind? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 117 If yes, what kind of school? 1 - Nursery Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Kindergarten 3 - Other 4 - Headstart 5 - Daycare 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 118 Is any language other than English frequently spoken in the household? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 119 If yes, what language? 0 - German Hsehld Questionnaire 1 - Italian 2 - French 3 - Polish 4 - Russian 5 - Spanish 6 - Chinese 7 - Other language 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 120-21 What is your main ancestry or national origin? 00 - German Hsehld Questionnaire 01 - Irish 02 - Italian 03 - French 04 - Polish 05 - Russian 06 - English 07 - Spanish 08 - Mexican 09 - Chinese 10 - Japanese 11 - American Indian 12 - Negro 13 - Jewish 14 - American 15 - Other 88 - Blank, but applicable 99 - Don't know 122 What was he doing most of past three months? 1 - Working Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Keeping house 3 - Something else 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 123 If "something else" from above, what was he doing? 0 - Laid off Hsehld Questionnaire 1 - Retired 2 - Student 3 - Other 4 - Ill 5 - Staying home 6 - Looking for work 7 - Unable to work 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 124 If "keeping house" or "something else" from above, did he work at a job or business at any time during the past three months? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 125 If "Working" from above, did he work full-time or part-time? 1 - Full-time Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Part-time 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 126 Did he work at any time last week or the week before (not around house)? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 127 If "no" to above, even though he did not work during that time, does he have a job or business? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 128 If "no" in Position 126, was he looking for work or on lay-off from a job? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 129 If yes to above - which? 1 - Looking Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Lay-off 3 - Both 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 130 Class of Worker 1 - Private paid Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Government-Federal 3 - Government-Other 4 - Own 5 - Non-paid 6 - Never worked 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 131 If self-employed in "own" business and not a farm, is the business incorporated? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 132-34 Business or Industry Code 017-999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 135-37 Occupation Code 001-995 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 138-43 Date of Examination Month - 01-12 as given Control Record Day - 01-31 as given Year - 71-75 as given Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 144-45 Age at Examination 01-75 - As given Computer Generated 146 Farm 1 - Farm Computer Generated 2 - Nonfarm See Detailed Notes 147-49 Poverty Index (X.XX) 001-997 - As given Computer Generated 998 - Index computed 998 See Detailed Notes or greater 999 - Unknown 150 Region 1 - Northeast Computer Generated 2 - Midwest See Detailed Notes 3 - South 4 - West 151 FOOD PROGRAMS APPLICABILITY 1 - Not applicable Food Programs Quest. 2 - No program available 3 - Food stamps available 4 - Commodities available 8 - Blank, but applicable 152 Are you certified to participate in the food stamp program? 1 - Yes Food Programs Quest. 2 - No 9 - Don't know Blank Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 153 Are you buying stamps now? 1 - Yes, regularly Food Programs Quest. 2 - Yes, occasionally 3 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable Blank 154 What is the main reason you aren't participating in the program? 1 - No need Food Programs Quest. 2 - Not enough money at the time 3 - No transportation 4 - Pride 5 - Other 8 - Blank, but applicable Blank 155 Are you certified to participate in the commodity distribution program? 1 - Yes Food Programs Quest. 2 - No 9 - Don't know Blank 156 Are you receiving commodity foods now for your family? 1 - Yes, regularly Food Programs Quest. 2 - Yes, occasionally 3 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable Blank 157 Why aren't you participating in the program? 1 - No need Food Porgrams Quest. 2 - No transportation 3 - Pride 4 - Other 8 - Blank, but applicable Blank Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source SAMPLE WEIGHTS 158-63 Detailed Persons, Location 01-35 See Detailed Notes Blanks 164-69 All Sample Persons, Locations 01-35 See Detailed Notes Blanks 170-75 Detailed Persons, Locations 01-65 See Detailed Notes Blanks 176-81 All Sample Persons, Locations 01-65 See Detailed Notes Blanks 182- Work Area 193 194- STRATA 1/ 195 196- Primary Sampling Unit1/ 198 199- Work Area 200 1/Use only for producing variance estimates for examination locations 1-65 or 1-100. See General Note titled "Variance Estimation" for producing variance estimates for examination locations 1-35 or 66-100. DETAILED NOTES, DEMOGRAPHIC DATA Tape Position 10 - Size of Place Size of place classification was derived from the 1960 census. According to the definition used in the 1960 census, the urban population was comprised of all persons living in (a) places of 2,500 inhabitants or more incorporated as cities, boroughs, villages and towns (except towns in New York, New England, and Wisconsin); (b) the densely settled urban fringe, whether incorporated or unincorporated, or urbanized areas; (c) towns in New England and townships in New Jersey and Pennsylvania which contained no incorporated municipalities as subdivisions and had either 2,500 inhabitants or more, or a population of 2,500 to 25,000 and a density of 1,500 persons or more per square mile; (d) counties in states other than the New England states, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, that had no incorporated municipalities within their boundaries and had a density of 1,500 persons per square mile; and (e) unincorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more not included in any urban fringe. The remaining population was classified as rural. Urban areas are further classified by population size for places within urbanized areas and other places outside urbanized areas. Tape Position 11 - SMSA A standard metropolitan statistical area is basically a county or a group of contiguous counties which contains at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more, or "twin cities" with a combined population of at least 50,000. In addition to the county or counties containing such a city or cities, contiguous counties are included in an SMSA if, according to the 1960 Census, they are socially and economically integrated with the central city. Each SMSA must include at least one central city, and the complete title of an SMSA identifies the central city or cities. Tape Positions 22 and 103 - Race The race of the respondent was marked by observation and it was assumed the race of all related persons was the same as the respondent unless otherwise learned. The race categories were "White", "Negro", or "other." If the appropriate category could not be marked by observation, then race was asked. Persons of races other than White or Negro, such as Japanese, Chinese, American Indian, Korean, Hindu, Eskimo, etc. were reported as "Other." Mexicans were included with "White" unless definitely known to be American Indian or of other nonwhite race. Tape Positions 34-35 - Total Family Income Group The income group represents the total combined family income for the past twelve (12) months. It includes income from all sources such as wages, salaries, social security or retirement benefits, help from relatives, rent from property and so forth. The income groups were not reconciled to the component parts (tape positions 36-94). The income component parts were not asked when the gross income was greater than $6,999 per annum. However, amounts greater than $6,999 appear in tape positions 37-40, 67-70, and 72-75. Some respondents reported a loss of income from their nonfarm business, professional practice, partnership or farm and this explains why some data fields are greater than $6,999, but the individual total in tape positions 91-94 does not exceed this figure. Tape Positions 95-99 - Family Unit Code All related sample persons in the same family unit have the same computer generated family unit code. This will enable detailed analysis of the individual family unit. Tape Positions 110-111 - State Codes UNITED STATES OUTLYING AREAS OF THE U.S. Standard Abbreviation Code Name of Place Cod ALABAMA Ala. 01 American Samoa 60 ALASKA Alaska 02 Canal Zone 61 ARIZONA Ariz. 04 Canton and Enderbury Islands 62 ARKANSAS Ark. 05 Caroline Islands 63 CALIFORNIA Calif. 06 Cook Islands 64 COLORADO Colo. 08 Gilbert and Ellice Islands 65 CONNECTICUT Conn. 09 Guam 66 DELAWARE Del. 10 Johnston Atoll 67 DIST. OF COLUMBIA D.C. 11 Line Islands - Southern 68 FLORIDA Fla. 12 Mariana Islands 69 GEORGIA Ga. 13 Marchall Islands 70 HAWAII Hawaii 15 Midway Islands 71 IDAHO Idaho 16 Puerto Rico 72 ILLINOIS Ill. 17 Ryukyn Islands - Southern 73 INDIANA Ind. 18 Swan Islands 74 IOWA Iowa 19 Tokelau Islands 75 KANSAS Kans. 20 U.S. Misc. Caribbean 76 KENTUCKY Ky. 21 U.S. Misc. Pacific Islands 77 LOUISIANA La. 22 Virgin Islands 78 MAINE Maine 23 Wake Islands 79 MARYLAND Md. 24 Cuba 80 MASSACHUSETTS Mass. 25 West Indies 81 MICHIGAN Mich. 26 North America 91 MINNESOTA Minn. 27 South America 92 MISSISSIPPI Miss. 28 Europe 93 MISSOURI Mo. 29 Africa 94 MONTANA Mont. 30 Asia 95 NEBRASKA Nebr. 31 Australasia 96 NEVADA Nev. 32 Pacific Islands 97 NEW HAMPSHIRE Nebr. 33 NEW JERSEY N.J. 34 NEW MEXICO N. Mex. 35 NEW YORK N.Y 36 NORTH CAROLINA N.C. 37 NORTH DAKOTA N. Dak. 38 OHIO Ohio 39 OKLAHOMA Okla. 40 OREGON Oreg. 41 PENNSYLVANIA Pa. 42 RHODE ISLANDS R.I. 44 SOUTH CAROLINA S.C. 45 SOUTH DAKOTA S. Dak. 46 UNITED STATES Standard Abbreviation Code TENNESSEE Tenn. 47 TEXAS Tex. 48 UTAH Utah 49 VERMONT Vt. 50 VIRGINIA Va. 51 WASHINGTON Wash. 53 WEST VIRGINIA W. Va. 54 WISCONSIN Wis. 55 WYOMING Wyo. 56 Tape Positions 132-134 and 135-137 - Industry & Occupation Codes A person's occupation may be defined as his principal job or business. For this survey purpose, the principal job or business of a respondent is defined in one of the following ways: If the person worked during the two week interview period or had a job or business, the question concerning his occupation (or work) applies to his job during that period. If the respondent held more than one job, the question is directed to the one at which he spent the most time. It refers to the one he considers most important when equal time is spent at each job. A person who has not begun work at a new job, is looking for work, or is on layoff from work is questioned about his last full- time civilian job. A full-time job is defined as one at which the person spen 35 or more hours per week and which lasted two consecutive weeks or more. A person who has a job to which he has not yet reported and has never had a previous job or business is classified as a "new worker." The 1970 census of population Alphabetical Index of Industries and Occupations was used in the coding of both the industry and occupation. Library of Congress Number 74-612012. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. $3.00. Stock Number 0301-2283. Tape Position 146 - Land Land used for farming purposes (Code 1 in Tape Position 146) was identified as being rural land (Code 2 in Tape Position 13) consisting of 10 or more acres (Code 1 in Tape Position 14) with crop sales amounting to $50 or more (Code 2 in Tape Position 15), or rural land (Code 2 in Tape Position 13) consisting of less than 10 acres (Code 2 in Tape Position 14) with crop sales amounting to $250 or more (Code 3 in Tape Position 16). All Other land is classified as nonfarm (Code 2 in Tape Position 146). Tape Positions 147-149 - Poverty Index Poverty Index--Income status was determined by the Poverty Income Ratio (PIR). Poverty statistics published in the Census Bureau reports1/ were based on the poverty index developed by the Social Security Administration in 1964. (For a detailed discussion of the SSA poverty standards, see reference 2.) Modifications in the definition of poverty were adopted in 1969.3/ The standard data series in poverty for statistical use by all executive departments and establishments has been established.4/ The two components of the PIR are the total income of the household (numerator) and a multiple of the total income necessary to maintain a family with given characteristics on a nutritionally adequate food plan3/ (denominator). The dollar value of the denominator of the PIR is constructed from a food plan (economy plan) necessary to maintain minimum recommended daily nutritional requirements. The economy plan is designated by the Department of Agriculture for "emergency or temporary use when funds are low." For families of three or more persons, the poverty level was set at three times the cost of the economy food plan. For smaller families and persons living alone, the cost of the economy food plan was adjusted by the relatively higher fixed expenses of these smaller households. The denominator or poverty income cutoff adjusts the family poverty income maintenance requirements by the family size, the sex of the family head, the age of the family head in families with one or two members, and the place of residence (farm, nonfarm). Annual revisions of the poverty income cutoffs are based on the changes in the average cost of living as reflected in the Consumer Price Index. As shown in the table, the annual income considered to be the poverty level increases as the family size increases. A family with any combination of characteristics and with the same income as shown in the table has been designated as having a PIR or poverty level of 1.0. The same family with twic the income found in the table would have a PIR of 2.0. Ratios of less than 1.0 can be described as "below poverty," ratios greater than or equal to 1.0, as "at or above poverty." Poverty thresholds are computed on a national basis only. No attempt has been made to adjust these thresholds for regional, State, or other local variation in the cost of living (except for the farm, nonfarm difference). None of the noncash public welfare benefits such as food stamp bonuses or free food commodities are included in the income of the low income families receiving these benefits. 1/ Current Populatrion Reports, "Consumer Income," Series P-60, No. 77, May 7, 1971 2/ Orshansky, M.: "Counting the Poor: Another Look at the Poverty Profile, Social Security Bulletin, January 1965; "Who's Who Among the Poor: A Demographic View of Poverty," Social Security Bulletin, July 1965. 3/ Current Population Reports, "Special Studies," Series P-23, No. 28, August 12, 1969 4/ Circular No. A-46, Transmitted Memorandum No. 9, Executive Office of the President, Bureau of the Budget, August 29, 1969, and Exhibit L (rev.) Weighted average thresholds at the low income level in 1971 by size of family and sex of head, by farm-nonfarm residence Nonfarm Farm Size of family Total Total Male1 Female1 Total Male1 Female1 head head head head All unrelated individuals- $2,033 $2,040 $2,136 $1,978 $1,727 $1,783 $1,669 Under 65 years--------- 2,093 3,098 2,181 2,017 1,805 1,853 1,715 65 years and over------ 1,931 1,940 1,959 1,934 1,652 1,666 1,643 All families-------------- 3,700 3,724 3,764 3,428 3,235 3,242 3,079 2 persons-------------- 2,612 2,633 2,641 2,581 2,219 2,224 2,130 Head under 65 years---- 2,699 2,716 2,731 2,635 2,317 2,322 2,195 Head 65 years and over- 2,424 2,448 2,450 2,437 2,082 2,081 2,089 3 persons-------------- 3,207 3,229 3,248 3,127 2,745 2,749 2,627 4 persons-------------- 4,113 4,137 4,139 4,116 3,527 3,528 3,513 5 persons-------------- 4,845 4,880 4,884 4,837 4,159 4,159 4,148 6 persons-------------- 5,441 5,489 5,492 5,460 4,688 4,689 4,656 7 persons or more------ 6,678 6,751 6,771 6,583 5,736 5,749 5,516 1For unrelated individuals, sex of the individual. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Social and Economic Statistics Administration, U.S. Bureau of the Census "Characteristics of the Low Income Population: 1971," Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 86, p. 18. Tape Position 150 - Region The United States was divided into four broad geographic regions of approximately equal population. These regions, which deviate somewhat from the groups used by the Bureau of the Census, are as follows: Region States Included Northeast Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania South Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas Midwest Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri West Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming. Tape Positions 158-193 - HANES HANES is a multistage, stratified, probability sample of loose clusters of persons in land-based segments. In addition, HANES is composed of two distinct examination components--a nutrition screening examination (taken by all examinees) and a more detailed examination taken by a pre-selected subsample of all examinees, ages 25-74. For the nutrition screening examination, locations 1-35 and 1-65 constituted national probability samples and for the detailed examination, locations 1-35, 1-65, 66-100 and 1-100 all constitute national probability samples. In other words, HANES is composed of six distinct subsamples of the U.S. population. For a more detailed discussion of the sample design see Series 1, No. 10a. Since each of these six subsamples is a distinct subsample of the U.S. population, such subsample requires a different set of weights. The weights are based upon the probability of selection into the sample, adjustments for nonresponse and further adjustments to approximate the U.S. noninstitu- tionalized population as of the midpoint of each subsample. In order to select all of those examinees in a particular subsample, i.e. received a particular exam component, it is necessary to exclude all examinees with a weight of zero or blank. It is also necessary to exclude all zero or blank weights because that is the only way to differentiate missing data due to nonresponse from data that is missing because the sample design dictated that a particular examinee was not supposed to receive particular examination component. It is suggested that any analyses that are desired by the researcher be performed using the greatest number of examinees possible; that is, if the researcher is interested in an exam component of the nutrition screening examination he should use the weight and consequently the data from the 65 location subsample rather than the 35 location subsample. For the detailed examination, the researcher should use the 100 location subsample rather than one of the others. However, some exam components were only done in a particular subsample; for example, only at the first 35 locations. In that case, the researcher has no choice in selecting a particular subsample. There may be occasions when a researcher may want to make comparisons of estimates obtained from various subsamples. For example, the prevalence of some disease condition as estimated from the first 35 locations could be compared with an estimate based upon locations 66-100. The researcher may also want to formulate hypotheses using 1 subsample and test those hypotheses using another subsample. GENERAL NOTES, DIETARY DATA, HANES I Dietary Frequency and Adequacy Tape: Information on each sample person's usual pattern of food intake was obtained during the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES I) conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics from April 1971 through June 1974 on a national probability sample of persons 1-74 years of age in the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population. A dietary interview, conducted by professional dietary staff, consisted of a 24-hour recall and food frequency questionnaire. The dietary data bank and information derived from inter- viewing techniques are available on three sets of data tapes:(1) the Model Gram and Nutrient Composition Tapes; (2) the 24-Hour Food Consumption Intake Tape; and (3) the Dietary Frequency and Adequacy Tape. The Model Gram Tape, which is the first of the HANES I dietary data bank tapes, consists of food items in numeric order with designated food group numbers, food codes, alphameric descriptions, preferred model codes and their gram conversion factors. This section is the basis for coding all reported food items for the 24-Hour Recall Intake Tape. The Nutrient Composition data bank tape is the actual nutrient analysis in 100 gram edible portions of all codes listed in the Model Gram Section. Tape 1 is essential for recording and analyzing the actual 24-Hour Recall Intake data. The 24-Hour Recall Intake Tape provides such information as specific food items and their quantities ingested for all regular meals, between meal foods or snacks consumed on the day midnight to midnight preceding the interview for each sample person interviewed. The first half of the Dietary Frequency and Adequacy Tape consists of the food frequency data. The frequency of consumption of foods from 18 groups ingested daily and/or weekly in the usual pattern (taken as being that which had prevailed over the three-month interval prior to the nutrition interview) accounted for all regular meals eaten, as well as for between meal foods or snacks, Monday through Sunday, weekends and holidays. The food frequency method served as a quality control technique for the 24-hour recall method of obtaining data while depicting diet profiles over a longer period of time. The adequacy portion of the tape summarizes the total nutrient intake from the 24-hour recall record by selected nutrient for each sample person and evaluates that nutrient intake in relation to selected dietary intake standards used in HANES I. (These standards were developed with the advice from an ad hoc group which considered standards from the World Health Organization, Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for the National Defense Manual, the Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council's Recommended Dietary Allowances, and those used in the Ten-State Nutrition Survey.) Formats of the 24-Hour Recall and the three-month Food Frequency questionnaires are in the vital and Health Statistics Series 1, No. 10b. DIETARY DATA SUMMARY - HANES I DIETARY FREQUENCY AND ADEQUACY DATA SUMMARY - HANES I Tape Positions CATALOG NUMBER - 4701 .................................................. 201 Respondent Code ........................................................ 216 DIETARY FREQUENCY How often are the following food items eaten? Milk (whole) ....................................................... 217 Milk (skim) ........................................................ 221 Meat and poultry ................................................... 225 Fish or shellfish .................................................. 229 Eggs ............................................................... 233 Cheese and cheese dishes ........................................... 237 Dry beans and peas ................................................. 241 Fruits and vegetables (all kinds) .................................. 245 Fruits and vegetables (rich in vitamin A) .......................... 249 Fruits and vegetables (rich in vitamin C) .......................... 253 Bread .............................................................. 257 Cereals............................................................ 261 Butter and margarine ............................................... 265 Desserts and sweets ................................................ 269 Candy .............................................................. 273 Beverages (sweetened, carbonated and non-carbonated ................ 277 Cold drinks (artificially sweetened or diet drinks) ................ 281 Coffee or tea ...................................................... 285 Snack foods ........................................................ 289 Interviewer code ....................................................... 293 Completion code ........................................................ 296 24-HOUR RECALL SECTION Respondent ............................................................. 312 Day of recall .......................................................... 313 Is what you ate yesterday the way you usually eat? ..................... 314 Has your diet changed recently? ........................................ 315 Are you taking vitamins or minerals? If yes, what kinds? .............. 316 How many times a week do you eat a meal at a restaurant? ............... 318 How often do you use a salt shaker at the table? ....................... 319 Weight in pounds? ...................................................... 320 Height in inches? ...................................................... 325 Tape Positions NUTRIENTS Actual daily dietary intake per individual during 24-hour recall period: Calories ........................................................... 328 Protein............................................................ 336 Fat ................................................................ 344 Total carbohydrates ................................................ 352 Calcium............................................................ 360 Phosphorus ......................................................... 368 Iron ............................................................... 376 Sodium ............................................................. 384 Potassium .......................................................... 392 Vitamin A .......................................................... 400 Thiamine ........................................................... 408 Riboflavin ......................................................... 416 Niacin ............................................................. 424 Vitamin C .......................................................... 432 ADEQUACY Individual's caloric and nutrient intake as the percent of HANES I dietary standards: Calories ........................................................... 445 Protein............................................................ 451 Calcium............................................................ 457 Iron ............................................................... 463 Vitamin A .......................................................... 469 Vitamin C .......................................................... 475 Imputation code ........................................................ 481 ADDENDA TO NUTRIENTS Saturated fatty acid................................................ 482 Oleic acid.......................................................... 490 Linoleic acid....................................................... 498 Cholesterol (Dietary)............................................... 506 RECORD LAYOUT, DIETARY DATA HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (HANES I) DIETARY FREQUENCY AND ADEQUACY (n=20749) Tape Control HANES I Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION AND CODES Counts Data Source 201- Catalog Number 204 4701 205- Data User Work Area 215 216 Respondent Code 1 - Sample Person 15535 Dietary Frequency 2 - Spouse 110 Recording Form 3 - Parent 3928 4 - Grandparent 78 5 - Combination of above 604 6 - Other 487 9 - Unknown 7 DIETARY FREQUENCY How often are the following food items eaten? (xxx.x) Decimal not shown on tape 217- Milk (whole) 220 0000 - Never 2979 See Detailed Notes 0005 - Less than once a week 1333 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 4530 1010-1240 - One to 24 times per day 11474 9999 - Unknown 433 221- Milk (skim) or buttermilk 224 0000 - Never 15407 See Detailed Notes 0005 - Less than once a week 1823 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 1512 1010-1100 - One to 10 times per day 1581 9999 - Unknown 426 225- Meat and Poultry Dietary Frequency 228 0000 - Never 57 Recording Form 0005 - Less than once a week 81 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 3571 1010-1090 - One to nine times per day 16586 9999 - Unknown 454 Tape Control HANES I Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION AND CODES Counts Data Source 229- Fish or Shellfish Dietary Frequency 232 0000 - Never 1990 Recording Form 0005 - Less than once a week 7326 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 10824 1010-1090 - One to two times per day 188 9999 - Unknown 421 233- Eggs 236 0000 - Never 1288 0005 - Less than once a week 2263 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 13144 1010-1070 - One to seven times per day 3628 9999 - Unknown 426 237- Cheese and Cheese Dishes 240 0000 - Never 1687 0005 - Less than once a week 3185 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 13316 1010-1070 - One to seven times per day 2115 9999 - Unknown 446 241- Dry Beans and Peas 244 0000 - Never 1805 0005 - Less than once a week 4599 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 11848 1010-1080 - One to eight times per day 2057 9999 - Unknown 440 245- Fruits and Vegetables (All kinds) 248 0000 - Never 26 0005 - Less than once a week 99 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 2243 1010-1090 - One to nine times per day 17896 9999 - Unknown 485 249- Fruits and Vegetables (Rich in Vitamin A) 252 0000 - Never 2287 0005 - Less than once a week 4835 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 12135 1010-1070 - One to seven times per day 1008 9999 - Unknown 484 Tape Control HANES I Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION AND CODES Counts Data Source 253- Fruits and Vegetables (Rich in Vitamin C) Dietary Frequency 256 0000 - Never 914 Recording Form 0005 - Less than once a week 2169 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 9796 1010-1090 - One to nine times per day 7369 9999 - Unknown 501 257- Bread 260 0000 - Never 104 0005 - Less than once a week 180 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 2481 1010-1080 - One to eight times per day 17546 9999 - Unknown 438 261- Cereals 264 0000 - Never 4610 0005 - Less than once a week 2870 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 9039 1010-1070 - One to seven times per day 3804 9999 - Unknown 426 265- Butter and Margarine 268 0000 - Never 1192 0005 - Less than once a week 1040 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 4447 1010-1080 - One to eight times per day 13623 9999 - Unknown 447 269- Desserts and Sweets 272 0000 - Never 844 0005 - Less than once a week 1932 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 9453 1010-1070 - One to seven times per day 8077 9999 - Unknown 443 273- Candy 276 0000 - Never 3256 0005 - Less than once a week 4427 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 8770 1010-1100 - One to 10 times per day 3849 9999 - Unknown 447 Tape Control HANES I Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION AND CODES Counts Data Source 277- Beverages--sweetened, carbonated and Dietary Frequency 280 non-carbonated Recording Form 0000 - Never 3460 0005 - Less than once a week 2306 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 7717 1010-1100 - One to 10 times per day 6828 9999 - Unknown 438 281- Cold Drinks--artificially sweetened or 284 diet drinks 0000 - Never 16557 0005 - Less than once a week 1389 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 1529 1010-1090 - One to nine times per day 852 9999 - Unknown 422 285- Coffee or Tea 288 0000 - Never 4188 0005 - Less than once a week 1260 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 3078 1010-1160 - One to 16 times per day 11787 9999 - Unknown 436 289- Snack Foods 292 0000 - Never 3900 0005 - Less than once a week 4049 0010-0060 - One to six times per week 10149 1010-1070 - One to seven times per day 2212 9999 - Unknown 439 293- Interviewer Code 295 032-051 - As given 20688 999 - Blank 61 296 Completion Code 1 - Satisfactory 20338 See Detailed Notes 2 - Unsatisfactory 411 297- Blank--Data User Work Area 311 Tape Control HANES I Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION AND CODES Counts Data Source 24-HOUR RECALL 312 Respondent 24-Hour Recall Form 1 - Sample Person 15429 2 - Spouse 95 3 - Parent 3199 4 - Grandparent 67 5 - Combination of above 1379 6 - Other 580 313 Day of Recall 1 - Sunday 98 2 - Monday 3832 3 - Tuesday 4252 4 - Wednesday 3967 5 - Thursday 3668 6 - Friday 4887 7 - Saturday 40 8 - Blank 5 314 Is what you ate yesterday the way you usually eat? 1 - Yes 16933 2 - No, ill 533 3 - No, no money 26 4 - No, Sunday 112 5 - No, other reason 3145 315 Has your diet changed recently? 0 - No 14120 1 - Yes, eating more 2908 3 - Yes, eating less 3173 4 - Yes, on a prescribed diet 548 316 Are you taking vitamins or minerals? 0 - No 13869 1 - Yes, regularly 4728 2 - Yes, irregularly 2152 Tape Control HANES I Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION AND CODES Counts Data Source 317 If yes to above 24-Hour Recall Form 0 - Unknown, prescriptions 123 See Detailed Notes 1 - Multiple vitamins 1776 2 - Multiple vitamins and minerals 899 3 - Iron only 265 4 - Multiple vitamins with iron 1781 5 - Vitamins E, A and D 1717 6 - Vitamin C 179 7 - Calcium 26 8 - Not applicable/Vitamin B 13955 9 - Miscellaneous 28 318 How many times a week do you eat a meal at a restaurant? 24-Hour Recall Form 0 - Seldom, never 11199 1 - 1-3 times per week 5871 2 - 4-6 times per week 2790 3 - 7 or more times per week 888 Blank 1 319 How often do you use a salt shaker at the table? (20 years old or over) 0 - Rarely, never 6077 1 - Occasionally, seldom 3004 2 - Frequently, always 4226 8 - Not applicable (less than 20 yrs. old) 7431 Blank 11 320- Weight in Pounds (xxx.xx) Decimal not Body Measurement 324 shown on tape Record Form 01375-40000 - As given 20749 325- Height in Inches (xx.x) Decimal not shown 327 on tape 203-795 - As given 20749 NUTRIENTS (xxxxxx.xx) Decimal not shown Computed for food on tape items listed in (Actual dietary intake per individual 24-Hour Recall during 24-hour recall period) 328- Calories 335 00003084-01035560 - As given 20749 See Detailed Notes Tape Control HANES I Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION AND CODES Counts Data Source 336- Protein (in grams) Computed for food 343 00000001-00040129 - As given 20749 items listed in 24-Hour Recall 344- Fat (in grams) 351 00000001-00061912 - As given 20749 352- Total Carbohydrate (in grams) 359 00000360-00108266 - As given 20749 360- Calcium (in milligrams) 367 00000000-00680710 - As given 20749 368- Phosphorus (in milligrams) 375 00000000-00734122 - As given 20749 376- Iron (in milligrams) 383 00000000-00007571 - As given 20749 See Detailed Notes 384- Sodium (in milligrams) 391 00000000-01757876 - As given 20749 392- Potassium (in milligrams) 399 00000000-01215755 - As given 20749 400- Vitamin A (International Units) 407 00000001-24511085 - As given 20749 408- Thiamine (in milligrams) 415 00000001-00001592 - As given 20749 416- Riboflavin (in milligrams) 423 00000001-00002028 - As given 20749 424- Niacin (in milligrams) (niacin from food 431 sources) 00000001-00017468 - As given 20749 432- Vitamin C (in milligrams) 439 00000001-00200713 - As given 20749 440- Blank - Data User Work Area 444 Tape Control HANES I Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION AND CODES Counts Data Source INDIVIDUAL'S CALORIC AND NUTRIENT INTAKE Computed for food AS THE PERCENT OF HANES I DIETARY items listed in STANDARDS (xxxxxx) 24-Hour Recall 445- Calories 450 000002-000522 - As given 20749 451- Protein 456 000000-000973 - As given 20749 457- Calcium 462 000000-001702 - As given 20749 See Detailed Notes 463- Iron 468 000000-000757 - As given 20749 469- Vitamin A 474 000000-007003 - As given 20749 475- Vitamin C 480 000000-004038 - As given 20749 481 Imputation Code See Detailed Notes 0 - Not imputed 20270 2 - Imputed 479 Tape Control HANES I Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION AND CODES Counts Data Source ADDENDA TO NUTRIENTS Computed for food Actual dietary intake per individual during items listed in 24-hour recall period 24-Hour Recall 482- Satuated fatty acid (in grams) 489 00000000-00033410 - As given 20669 99999 - Blank, but applicable 80 490- Oleic acid (in grams) 497 00000000-00028223 - As given 20499 99999999 - Blank, but applicable 80 498- Linoleic acid (in grams) 505 00000000-00013011 - As given 20669 99999999 - Blank, but applicable 80 506- Cholesterol (in milligrams) 513 00000000-00367932 20669 99999999 - Blank, but applicable 80 DETAILED NOTES, DIETARY DATA Includes only milk drunk as a beverage or used on cereal. Flavored milk and cocoa made from milk are included. Include "1% milk" with skim milk; "2% milk" with whole milk. DETAILED NOTES TAPE POSITIONS 217-292 A. Background information on nutritional importance of specified food groups. Whole Milk All homogenized white milk (3-4 percent, 2 percent and 1 percent skim) contribute to the diet a significant amount of high quality protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, vitamins, riboflavin, niacin, and Vitamins A and D (when fortified). Dietitians feel that adults of all ages should include at least 2 cups of fluid milk per day,or its equivalent. This allowance should be increased to 3 cups for school children and pregnant women and to 4 cups for adolescents and lactating women.When it is desirable or necessary to minimize milk fats, whole milk should be substituted with skim milk. Meats, Poultry, Fish and Shellfish Meat is an excellent source of high quality protein with a variable amount of fat.Meat also contributes phosphorus, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, chloride, sulfur, magnesium, and zinc to the diet. Vitamin A in the fat of beef and liver, and factors of the vitamin B-complex are the vitamins abundant in meat. Poultry also contributes to the diet an excellent source of high quality protein, phosphorus, sulfur, iron, and the B-complex vitamins, especially niacin. Fish and shellfish are excellent sources of high quality protein, phosphorus, and magnesium.Shellfish also contributes to the diet zinc, iodine, sulfur, fluorine, cobalt, iron, copper, calcium, and cholesterol. Fatty fish are sources of vitamins A and D. As a food, fish is equal in nutritive value to meat, except by ounce it has a lower caloric value.It is recommended that at least 5-6 ounces of meat, poultry, or fish be consumed each day. Those who are calorie conscious usually limit their intake of red meats and substitute poultry or fish which is lower in calories per ounce. Some people are allergic to shellfish. Eggs Eggs are an excellent source of complete high quality protein and also contribute to the diet, sulfur, zinc, copper, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and cholesterol. Egg yolk should be limited for those on a cholesterol restricted diet. Cheese Cheese is a source of high quality protein and contributes calcium, phosphorus and the B-complex vitamins to the diet. Cheese should be used as an alternative if milk or meat is limited or excluded from the diet. Dry Beans/Legumes and Nuts These foods provide significant protein, iron and niacin levels in the diet. This group also contributes to the diet, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, copper, manganese, thiamin, and riboflavin. In general, they are inexpensive and offer variety to the diet. This group can be used to substitute for meat, poultry, or fish only if adequate amounts of cheese and milk are still included in the diet. Fruits and Vegetables Fruits and vegetables lend a great variety to the diet in terms of color, flavor and texture. Unlike most of the food groups, fruits and vegetables supply roughage and water. This group is unique for its contribution to the abscorbic acid and vitamin A value of the diet. Fruits and vegetables make an excellent contribution to the iron level of the diet, as well as minerals and B-complex vitamins.At least four servings of a combination of fruits and vegetables per day is recommended. Breads and Cereals Bread and grain products supply the diet with carbohydrates, chromium, manganese, and iron, along with the B-complex vitamins when fortified. Because of its availability, moderate cost, and excellent keeping qualities, grain is used more abundantly than any other food material. Three or more servings of enriched bread or bread group items (rice and pastas) are recommended daily for all age groups. Cereal foods are, for the most part, a primary source of energy for most of the world's people. Because of the sugar content of many cereals on the market, many omit this food item from their diet but lose many nutrient benefits provided by whole-grain and enriched grain products.Cereals supply the diet with carbohydrates, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and iron, along with thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin (when fortified). Butter/Margarine and Oils These visible fats in the diet are a concentrated source of energy.Butter, regular margarine, and hydrogenated fat contain a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids than do oils. Butter is a source of saturated fat, cholesterol, and vitamin A. Margarine is an unsaturated fat and provides vitamin A, if specified. Oils provide the diet with polyunsaturated fat with few exceptions. For those who must restrict their cholesterol intake, butter and hydrogenated fats should be substituted with vegetable oil. Desserts/Candy and Cold Drinks Prepared With Sugar Sufficient calories to maintain optimum body weight are obtained by eating large amounts of any of the food groups or by adding fats, sweets, and desserts. Usually these foods offer satisfactory calories, some protein, minerals, and vitamins. It is necessary to emphasize that excessive use of fats, desserts and candies may jeopardize the satisfactory intake of essential nutrients. Cold Beverages, Artificially Sweetened, or Diet Drinks Cold beverages, which are artificially sweetened or diet drinks contribute no nutrition to the diet unless specified as fortified. Coffee or Tea Coffee and tea offer variety to the diet but have no nutrition value by themselves. Cream and sugar added to these beverages contribute fats and carbohydrate for a source of energy. Snack Foods The snack food category includes potato chips, puffed salty snack foods, pretzels, etc. These food items add variety to a meal but contribute significant amounts of fat, sodium and carbohydrates. Like desserts and sweets, excessive amount of these foods usually jeopardize the satisfactory intake of essential nutrients from the other food groups. TAPE POSITION 296 Completion Code "1" is used when a satisfactory interview has been completed. An incomplete code "2" is used when the dietary interviewer feels the data are inaccurate or unsatisfactory. She bases her opinion on the sample person's physical and/or mental inability to complete the interview. Physical and mental considerations are blindness, deafness, muteness, language barrier (when an interpreter is unavailable); mental retardation, etc. The attitude of the sample person also plays an important part in deciding the completion code. If the sample person is belligerent, intoxicated, uncooperative, or indifferent about giving accurate or ample information, the completion code is deemed unsatisfactory and coded as "2". TAPE POSITION 317 Vitamins or Minerals The codes include these specific items: 0 - unknown, prescriptions 1 - multiple vitamins, multiple vitamins with additional supplements 2 - multiple vitamins and minerals, multiple vitamins and minerals with additional supplements 3 - iron only 4 - multiple vitamins with iron; iron with additional supplements--geritol 5 - Vitamin E, vitamin E with additional supplements Vitamin A, vitamin A with additional supplements Vitamin D, vitamin D with additional supplements 6 - Vitamin C, vitamin C with additional supplements 7 - Calcium, calcium with additional supplements; dolomite--minerals with calcium and magnesium 8 - If column 316 is 0, 8 means not applicable. If column 316 is 1 or 2, 8 means vitamin B complex, vitamin B complex with additional supplements. 9 - Miscellaneous; cod liver oil; brewer's yeast, kelp lectchiein, yeast tablets, alfalfa tablets, liver tablets, K (potassium), folruma 24, iodine, bone meal, bone marrow, protein pills, amino acid pills, fluoride, energol-wheat germ concentrate TAPE POSITIONS 328-439 Actual dietary intake is given in appropriate units for calories and the selected nutrients. These values were obtained by a computerized process which utilized the results of the HANES I 24-Hour Recall Dietary Interview. Each food item that a respondent had eaten over the 24-hour period was assigned a unique food code and the approximate portion of amount of that food item which was ingested was coded through the use of standardized food models. The food codes matched those assigned to data on the nutrient compo- sition of over 3,000 food items which were obtained from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, food manufacturers, and other sources. From the above infor- mation, all food intake during the 24-hour period was then reduced by a computer program to standard units of measure of each nutrient. TAPE POSITIONS 445-480 As a guide to interpreting the dietary data, a set of recommended daily allowances for the evaluation of HANES data was developed with advice from an ad hoc advisory group. The group considered recommended daily allowances from the World Health Organization, the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for the National Defense Manual, the Food and Nutrition Board, National Research Council's Recommended Daily Allowances, and from those standards used in the Ten-State Nutrition Survey.The recommended allowances are designed for the maintenance of good nutrition in healthy persons in the United States. They allow for some margin above what is really needed by most individuals with the objective of maintaining good health in all.Except for protein and calories, the recommended daily allowances as presented in Table VI are all related to age, physiological state, or to caloric intake. Table VI. Standards for evaluation fo daily dietary intake used in Examination Survey, United States, 1971-72 Protein Calories (gm per Calcium Age and Sex (per kg) kg) (mg) 1-5 years: 12-23 months, male and female----- 90 1.9 450 24-47 months, male and female----- 86 1.7 450 48-71 months, male and female----- 82 1.5 450 6-7 years, male and female---------- 82 1.3 450 8-9 years, male and female---------- 82 1.3 450 10-12 years-----------Male---------- 68 1.2 650 Female-------- 64 1.2 650 13-16 years-----------Male---------- 60 1.2 650 Female-------- 48 1.2 650 17-19 years-----------Male---------- 44 1.1 550 Female-------- 35 1.1 550 20-29 years-----------Male---------- 40 1.0 400 Female-------- 35 1.0 600 30-39 years-----------Male---------- 38 1.0 400 Female-------- 33 1.0 600 40-49 years-----------Male---------- 37 1.0 400 Female-------- 31 1.0 600 50-54 years-----------Male---------- 36 1.0 400 Female-------- 30 1.0 600 55-59 years-----------Male---------- 36 1.0 400 Female-------- 30 1.0 600 60-69 years-----------Male---------- 34 1.0 400 Female-------- 29 1.0 600 70 years and over-----Male---------- 34 1.0 400 Female-------- 29 1.0 600 Pregnancy (fifth month and beyond), add to basic standard------------- 200 20 200 Lactating, add to basic standard---- 1,000 25 500 1Assumed 70 percent carotene, 30 percent retinol. 2For all pregnant women. Standards for assessing caloric and protein allowances for adults are based on expected median body weight for sex and height at ages 20-29 years. More specifically, an expected body weight at ages 20-29 years was computed for each individual adult based on height and sex.The median of the distribution of expected weight for each height and sex group was determined.The standard- ized allowance for each individual 20 years and over was then calculated by multiplying the median expected weight for height and sex by the recommended nutrient allowance per kilogram of body weight. The resultant product was then taken as that individual's sex-height-standardized allowance.The reported caloric or protein intake for each individual was then divided by this standardized allowance to arrive at the "percent of recommended daily allowance." Height-sex-specific weight at ages 20-29 is used because at these ages it is thought to most closely approximate the body's cell mass. Cell mass, the metabolically active part of the body, is the major deter- minant of adult nutrient needs.Weight gain after 20-29 years is presumed to be fat, with little increase of the body's cell mass. In fact, cell mass tends to decrease with age even as weight increases, which indicates that these standardized allowances tend to overstate the nutrient needs of older people as compared with younger. This bias is much less, however, then the presentation of nutrient intake per kilogram of body weight. A similar method was used to obtain height-sex-standardized allowances for assessing caloric and protein dietary intakes of children. The expected median body weight for age, sex, and height was derived from anthropometric data collected in HANES. TAPE POSITION 481 Nutrient intake values for 479 sample persons with unsatisfactory dietary interview results were imputed by randomly assigning the nutrient intake values of a sample person of the same age, sex, rate, region, and residential area population size. An inspection of the records with the imputed values revealed that a further adjustment based on the sample person's body weight needed to be performed for approximately one-fourth of the records involved. This additional step was then carried out to complete the imputation process.
