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Scientific Data Documentation
Spirometry Data (1971-75)
DSN: CC37.HANES1.SPIRO ABSTRACT GENERAL INFORMATION HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY, 1971-1975 Contents HANES 1971-1975 Description of Survey Target Population Data Collection Use of HANES Data Errors in the Data Sets and Survey Differences Variance Estimation General Notes Demographic Data Demographic Data Summary Record Layout Demographic Data Detailed Notes Demographic Data DESCRIPTION OF SURVEY Description of Survey: A detailed description of the design, content and operation of HANES I is provided in the following reports: Plan and Operation of the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, DHEW Pub. No. (HSM) 73-1310, Series 1, Nos. 10a and 10b, Public Health Service, Washington, D. C., U. S. Government Printing Office, February 1973. Also provided is a draft report on the augmentation survey of adults describing the relevant field work conducted between July 1974 and October 1975. TARGET POPULATION Target Population: HANES I was conducted on a nationwide probability sample of approximately 32,000 persons, ages 1-74 years, from the civilian, noninstitutionalized population of the coterminous United States, excepting those persons residing on Indian reservations. The survey started in April 1971 and for many survey components was completed in June 1974. The HANES I sample was selected so that certain population groups thought to be at high risk of malnutrition (persons with low incomes, preschool children, women of childbearing age and the elderly) were oversampled at known rates. Adjusted sampling weights were then computed within 60 age, sex and race categories in order to inflate the sample in such a manner as to closely reflect the noninstitutionalized population, ages 1-74 years, of the United States at the midpoint of the survey. Although the main emphasis of HANES I was on nutrition, a subset of those sample persons aged 25-74 received a more detailed health examination which was continued through October 1975. No particular oversampling of subgroups of the population was done in this subsample (e.g., women of childbearing age were not oversampled as they were for the major nutrition component of HANES I). This subsample is also representative of the United States population aged 25-74 during the time of HANES I. After the nutrition survey was completed, the detailed examination given to the 25-74 age group was continued until the total number of examined persons was approximately double the number of examinees who received the detailed examination during the nutrition survey. DATA COLLECTION Data Collection: Information for all examined sample persons in HANES I was obtained by means of a household interview, a general medical history, a 24-hour dietary intake recall interview, a food frequency interview, a food program questionnaire, a general medical examination, dental, dermatological and ophthalmological examinations, anthropometric measurement, hand-wrist x-rays (of those ages 1-17 only) and 24 hematological, blood chemistry, and urological laboratory determinations. In addition to the information received on all examined persons by means of the above questionnaires, procedures and measurements, the following data were gathered on the subsample of adults aged 25-74: a medical history supplement; supplementary questionnaires concerning arthritis, respiratory and cardiovascular conditions (when applicable); a health care needs questionnaire; a general well-being questionnaire; an extended medical examination; x-rays of the chest and hip and knee joints; audiometry, electrocardiography; goniometry; spirometry; pulmonary diffusion and tuberculin tests; along with additional laboratory determinations. USE OF HANES DATA With the goal of mutual benefit, NCHS requests the cooperation of recipients of data tapes in certain actions related to their use: A. Any published material derived from the data should acknowledge the National Center for Health Statistics as the original source. It should also include a disclaimer which credits any analyses, interpretations, or conclusions reached to the author (recipient of the tape) and not to NCHS, which is responsible only for the initial data. B. Consumers who wish to publish a technical description of the data will make a reasonable effort to insure that the description is not inconsistent with that published by NCHS. This does not mean, however that NCHS will review such descriptions. ERRORS IN THE DATA SETS AND SURVEY DIFFERENCES The data users' tapes have been subjected to a great deal of careful editing. However, due to the large volume of data in the series, it is likely that a small number of errors or discrepancies remain undetected. We would appreciate if any such errors are detected that they be brought to our attention so that new corrected copies of the tape can be created and errata sheets issued to previous purchasers. Some of the continuous data items have extremely high or low values and we have verified that they do in fact appear that way on the hard documents; that is, we have verified that the values have not been incorrectly keyed. In general, we have not attempted to resolve any differences that may exist between estimates derived from the various subsamples of HANES I. Nor have we made any comparisons between estimates from HANES I and previous surveys conducted by the Division of Health Examination Statistics. VARIANCE ESTIMATION Because the Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is based upon a complex sample design, the assumptions of many statistical tests and routinely available statistical programs are not met. For this reason, when estimates of the variances of statistics from HANES are computed, the technique of estimation must be based upon complex sampling theory. In order to provide the user with the capability of estimating the complex sample variances, we have provided Strata and Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) codes on the HANES user tapes in tape positions 194-198. However, these codes are suitable for making variance estimates only for examination locations 1-65 and 1-100. To compute variance estimates for examination locations 1-35 or 66-100, it is necessary to recode the current Strata-PSU codes according to the specifications that follow. The resultant recoded Strata-PSU codes should be used only for locations 1-35 and 66-100. One computer program that should be widely available sometime around the summer of 1978 as part of the Statistical Analysis System (available from the SAS Institute, Inc., Post Office Box 10066, Raleigh, North Carolina 27605) is capable of using the Strata-PSU codes provided for HANES to compute complex sample variances. Other programs may also be available. In those Strata, referred to as certainty or self-representing Strata, the PSU codes are actually the segment numbers. Neither the Strata codes nor the PSU codes are the original codes used in the formation of the HANES sample design, but are nonetheless a unique Recoding of the original codes. For further discussion of the sample design of HANES, the user should consult the publications of the National Center for Health Statistics--Series-Nos. 10a and 14 and the detailed note for tape positions 158-193. Recode Specifications for Strata-PSU Codes First.--Create a files with only those records in the file for examination locations 1-35.* Second.--Retain 1he original Strata-PSU codes in Strata 7-10 and 13 in the original form as the recoded Strata-PSU codes. Third.--Recode the remaining strata according tot he chart below. Fourth.--Repeat the process for examination locations 66-100.* Old Strata # (tape positions 194-195) New Strata # New PSU 01 01 001 02 01 002 03 03 001 06 03 002 04 04 001 05 04 002 11 11 001 12 11 002 14 14 001 21 14 002 15 15 001 16 15 002 17 17 001 20 17 002 18 18 001 19 18 002 22 22 001 25 22 002 23 23 001 24 23 002 26 26 001 27 26 002 28 28 001 29 28 002 30 30 001 35 30 002 31 31 001 32 31 002 33 33 001 34 33 002 *See detailed note for tape positions 158-193. GENERAL NOTES, DEMOGRAPHIC DATA, HANES I Demographic Information: An advance letter, announcing the forthcoming arrival of an interviewer from the U. S. Bureau of the Census, was mailed to each household that fell into the sample area. The interviewer subsequently visited the household to ascertain its composition and to administer a questionnaire, the primary purpose of which was to obtain demographic information. The questionnaire was administered to each potential sample person that was available and competent enough to respond to questions. In the event that a potential sample person was not at home at the time of interview, any responsible adult in the household was asked to respond to the questions for the absent person. Asterisks on the Tape Description: Some of the data items were obtained only for a particular subsample of HANES. Consequently some of these items appear to have a great deal of missing data (coded as blank) due to nonresponse, but in fact the data are missing because the design of HANES dictated that the item was to be obtained only for a particular subsample. (For further discussion of the various subsamples in HANES the user should see the detailed note for tape positions 158-193.) To alert the user to this fact asterisks were put on the tape des- cription. One asterisk denotes that the data item was obtained only on examinees at locations 1-65, two asterisks denote that it was ob- tained only at location 66-100 and three asterisks denote that it was obtained only on examinees receiving the detailed examination. DEMOGRAPHIC DATA SUMMARY - HANES I Tape Positions Sample sequence number ............................................. 1 Size of place ...................................................... 10 SMSA-not SMSA ...................................................... 11 Type of living quarters............................................. 12 Land usage ......................................................... 13 If rural, asked - How many acres of land are included .............. 14 If 10 acres/more asked - Sale of crops/etc. amount to $50 or more .. 15 If 10 acres/less asked - Sale of crops/etc. amount to $250 or more . 16 Age - head of household ............................................ 17 Sex - head of household ............................................ 19 Highest grade attended - head of household ......................... 20 Race - head of household ........................................... 22 Total number of persons in household ............................... 23 Total sample persons in household .................................. 25 Number of rooms in house ........................................... 27 Is there piped water ............................................... 28 If yes, is there hot and cold piped water .......................... 29 If yes to piped water - Does house have a sink with piped water .... 30 Does house have a range or cook stove .............................. 31 Does house have a refrigerator ..................................... 32 Are kitchen facilities used by anyone not living in household ...... 33 Total family income group .......................................... 34 NOTE: The following income questions were asked only if "Total Family Income" was less than $7,000 Tape Positions During Past Year Did you or Any Members of Your Family Receive Money From: Wages or salaries .................................................. 36 If yes - How much altogether before deductions ..................... 37 Social Security or Railroad Retirement ............................. 41 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 42 Welfare payments or other public assistance ........................ 46 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 47 Unemployment or Workman's Compensation ............................. 51 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 52 Government employee pensions or private pensions ................... 56 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 57 Dividends, interest or rent ........................................ 61 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 62 Net income from own non-farm business, professional practice or partnership ...................................................... 66 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 67 Net income from a farm ............................................. 71 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 72 Veteran's payments ................................................. 76 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 77 Alimony, child support or contributions from persons not living in household ........................................................ 81 If yes - How much altogether ....................................... 82 Any other income ................................................... 86 If yes - How much altogether ...................................... 87 Total amount....................................................... 91 Family unit code ................................................... 95 Relationship to head of household .................................. 100 Age at interview ................................................... 101 Race of examined person ............................................ 103 Sex of examined person ............................................. 104 Marital status ..................................................... 105 Date of birth (month and year) ..................................... 106 Place of birth ..................................................... 110 Highest grade of regular school ever attended ...................... 112 Did he finish the grade ............................................ 114 Is he attending school now ......................................... 115 Has he ever attended a school of any kind .......................... 116 If yes - What kind of school ....................................... 117 Any language other than English frequently spoken in the household.. 118 If yes - What language ............................................. 119 What is your main ancestry or national origin ...................... 120 What was he doing most of past three months ........................ 122 If "something else" - What was he doing ............................ 123 If "keeping house" or "something else" - Did he work at a job or business at any time during the past three months ................ 124 If "working" - Did he work full-time or part-time .................. 125 Did he work at any time last week or week before (not around house). 126 If no - Even though he did not work during that time, does he have a job or business ................................................ 127 Tape Positions Was he looking for work or on lay-off from a job ................... 128 If yes - Which ..................................................... 129 Class of worker .................................................... 130 If self-employed in "own" business and not a farm, is the business incorporated ..................................................... 131 Business or industry code .......................................... 132 Occupation code .................................................... 135 Date of examination ................................................ 138 Age at examination ................................................. 144 Farm/non-farm ...................................................... 146 Poverty index ...................................................... 147 Region ............................................................. 150 FOOD PROGRAMS APPLICABILITY ........................................ 151 Are you certified to participate in the food stamp program? ........ 152 Are you buying food stamps now? .................................... 153 What is the main reason you aren't participating in the program? ... 154 Are you certified to participate in commodity distribution program?. 155 Are you receiving commodity foods now for your family? ............. 156 Why aren't you participating in the program? ....................... 157 SAMPLE WEIGHTS ..................................................... 158 STRATA - Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) ............................... 194RECORD LAYOUT, DEMOGRAPHIC DATA HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (HANES I) Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source DEMOGRAPHIC DATA 1-5 Sample Sequence Number 6-9 Catalog Number 10 Size of Place Urbanized area with: 1 - 3,000,000 or more Hshld Questionnaire 2 - 1,000,000 to 2,999,999 See Detailed Notes 3 - 250,000 to 999,999 4 - under 250,000 5 - Urban place 25,000 or more outside urbanized area 6 - Urban place 10,000 to 24,999 outside urbanized area 7 - Urban place 2,500 to 9,999 outside urbanized area 8 - Rural 11 SMSA - Not SMSA 1 - In SMSA, in central city Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - In SMSA, not in central city See Detailed Notes 3 - Not in SMSA 12 Type of Living Quarters 1 - Housing Unit Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Other unit 13 Land Usage 1 - All other Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Rural 7136 14 If Rural, asked How Many Acres of Land Are Included? Hsehld Questionnaire 1 - 10 or more acres 2 - Less than 10 acres 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 15 If 10 acres or more, asked if Sale of Crops, Etc. Amount to $50 or more? Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Yes 4 - No 9 - Not applicable 16 If 10 acres or less, asked if Sale of Crops, Etc. Amount to $250 or more? Hsehld Questionnaire 3 - Yes 5 - No 9 - Not applicable 17-18 Age - Head of Hsehld 16-92 as given Hsehld Questionnaire 00 Blank, but applicable 19 Sex - Head of Hsehld Hsehld Questionnaire 1 - Male 2 - Female 20-21 Highest Grade Attended - Head of Hsehld 10 - None Hsehld Questionnaire 21 - 1st grade 22 - 2nd grade 23 - 3rd grade 24 - 4th grade 25 - 5th grade 26 - 6th grade 27 - 7th grade 28 - 8th grade 31 - 9th grade 32 - 10th grade 33 - 11th grade 34 - 12th grade 41 - First year of college 42 - Second year of college 43 - Third year of college 44 - Fourth year of college 45 - Graduate 88 - Blank, but applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 22 Race - Head of Household 1 - White Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Negro See Detailed Notes 3 - Other 23-24 Total Number of Persons in Household 01-19 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 25-26 Total Sample Persons in Household 01-07 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 27 Number of Rooms in House 1-8 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 9 - 9 or more 28 Is there piped water? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 29 If yes Is there Hot and Cold piped water? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 9 - Not applicable 30 If yes to piped water - Does House Have a Sink with Piped Water? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 9 - Not applicable 31 Does House Have a Range or Cook Stove? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 32 Does House have a Regrigerator? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 33 Are kitchen facilities used by anyone not living in household? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 9 - Not applicable 34-35 Total Family Income Group 11 - Under $1,000(including loss) Hsehld Questionnaire 12 - $1,000-1,999 See Detailed Notes 13 - $2,000-2,999 14 - $3,000-3,999 15 - $4,000-4,999 16 - $5,000-5,999 17 - $6,000-6,999 18 - $7,000-9,999 19 - $10,000-14,999 20 - $15,000-19,999 21 - $20,000-24,999 22 - $25,000 and over 88 - Blank, but applicable NOTE: The following income questions were asked only if "Total Family Income" was less than $7,000 DURING PAST YEAR DID YOU OR ANY MEMBERS OF YOUR FAMILY RECEIVE MONEY FROM: 36 Wages or Salaries? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 37-40 If yes to above, how much altogether before deductions? 0001-8000 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 41 Social Security or Railroad Retirement? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 42-45 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 46 Welfare Payments or Other Public Assistance? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 47-50 If yes to above, hyow much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 51 Unemployment or Workmen's Compensation? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 52-55 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 56 Government Employee Pensions or Private Pensions? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 57-60 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 61 Dividends, interest or rent? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 62-65 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 66 Net income from own non-farm business, professional practice or partnership? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Loss 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 67-70 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0000-7500 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 71 Net income from a farm? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 3 - Loss 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 72-75 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0000-7500 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 76 Veteran's Payments? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 77-80 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 81 Alimony, child support or contributions from persons not living in Hsehld? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 82-85 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 86 Any other income? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 87-90 If yes to above, how much altogether? 0001-6900 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 91-94 Total Amount (Total of Positions 37-90) 0000-6999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 8888 - Blank, but applicable 9999 - Not applicable 95-99 FAMILY UNIT CODE Computer generated 00001-23180 See Detailed Notes 100 Relationship to Head of Household (Hsehld Questionnaire) 1 - Head (1 person living along or with non-relatives) 1920 2 - Head (2 or more related persons in family) 4912 3 - Wife 5256 4 - Child 7733 5 - Other relative 928 101-2 Age at Interview 01-74 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 103 Race of Examined Person 1 - White Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Negro See Detailed Notes 3 - Other 104 Sex of Examined Person 1 - Male Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Female 105 Marital Status 1 - Under 17 Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Married 3 - Widowed 4 - Never Married 5 - Divorced 6 - Separated 8 - Blank, but applicable 106-9 Date of Birth (month, year) 01-12 - Month as given Hsehld Questionnaire 00-99 - Year (1896-1973) as given 110-11 Place of Birth (As given) 01-02 Hsehld Questionnaire 04-06 See Detailed Notes 08-13 15-42 44-51 53-56 60-81 91-97 88 - Blank, but applicable 144 Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 112-13 Highest Grade of regular school ever attended? 10 - None Hsehld Questionnaire 21 - 1st grade 22 - 2nd grade 23 - 3rd grade 24 - 4th grade 25 - 5th grade 26 - 6th grade 27 - 7th grade 28 - 8th grade 31 - 9th grade 32 - 10th grade 33 - 11th grade 34 - 12th grade 41 - First year of college 42 - Second year of college 43 - Third year of college 44 - Fourth year of college 45 - Graduate 77 - Special school 88 - Blank, but applicable 99 - Not applicable 114 Did he finish the grade? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 115 Is he attending school now? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 116 Has he ever attended a school of any kind? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 117 If yes, what kind of school? 1 - Nursery Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Kindergarten 3 - Other 4 - Headstart 5 - Daycare 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 118 Is any language other than English frequently spoken in the household? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 119 If yes, what language? 0 - German Hsehld Questionnaire 1 - Italian 2 - French 3 - Polish 4 - Russian 5 - Spanish 6 - Chinese 7 - Other language 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 120-21 What is your main ancestry or national origin? 00 - German Hsehld Questionnaire 01 - Irish 02 - Italian 03 - French 04 - Polish 05 - Russian 06 - English 07 - Spanish 08 - Mexican 09 - Chinese 10 - Japanese 11 - American Indian 12 - Negro 13 - Jewish 14 - American 15 - Other 88 - Blank, but applicable 99 - Don't know 122 What was he doing most of past three months? 1 - Working Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Keeping house 3 - Something else 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 123 If "something else" from above, what was he doing? 0 - Laid off Hsehld Questionnaire 1 - Retired 2 - Student 3 - Other 4 - Ill 5 - Staying home 6 - Looking for work 7 - Unable to work 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 124 If "keeping house" or "something else" from above, did he work at a job or business at any time during the past three months? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 125 If "Working" from above, did he work full-time or part-time? 1 - Full-time Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Part-time 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 126 Did he work at any time last week or the week before (not around house)? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 127 If "no" to above, even though he did not work during that time, does he have a job or business? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 128 If "no" in Position 126, was he looking for work or on lay-off from a job? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 129 If yes to above - which? 1 - Looking Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Lay-off 3 - Both 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 130 Class of Worker 1 - Private paid Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - Government-Federal 3 - Government-Other 4 - Own 5 - Non-paid 6 - Never worked 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 131 If self-employed in "own" business and not a farm, is the business incorporated? 1 - Yes Hsehld Questionnaire 2 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable 9 - Not applicable 132-34 Business or Industry Code 017-999 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 135-37 Occupation Code 001-995 - As given Hsehld Questionnaire 138-43 Date of Examination Month - 01-12 as given Control Record Day - 01-31 as given Year - 71-75 as given Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 144-45 Age at Examination 01-75 - As given Computer Generated 146 Farm 1 - Farm Computer Generated 2 - Nonfarm See Detailed Notes 147-49 Poverty Index (X.XX) 001-997 - As given Computer Generated 998 - Index computed 998 See Detailed Notes or greater 999 - Unknown 150 Region 1 - Northeast Computer Generated 2 - Midwest See Detailed Notes 3 - South 4 - West 151 FOOD PROGRAMS APPLICABILITY 1 - Not applicable Food Programs Quest. 2 - No program available 3 - Food stamps available 4 - Commodities available 8 - Blank, but applicable 152 Are you certified to participate in the food stamp program? 1 - Yes Food Programs Quest. 2 - No 9 - Don't know Blank Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source 153 Are you buying stamps now? 1 - Yes, regularly Food Programs Quest. 2 - Yes, occasionally 3 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable Blank 154 What is the main reason you aren't participating in the program? 1 - No need Food Programs Quest. 2 - Not enough money at the time 3 - No transportation 4 - Pride 5 - Other 8 - Blank, but applicable Blank 155 Are you certified to participate in the commodity distribution program? 1 - Yes Food Programs Quest. 2 - No 9 - Don't know Blank 156 Are you receiving commodity foods now for your family? 1 - Yes, regularly Food Programs Quest. 2 - Yes, occasionally 3 - No 8 - Blank, but applicable Blank 157 Why aren't you participating in the program? 1 - No need Food Porgrams Quest. 2 - No transportation 3 - Pride 4 - Other 8 - Blank, but applicable Blank Tape Control HANES I Data Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts Source SAMPLE WEIGHTS 158-63 Detailed Persons, Location 01-35 See Detailed Notes Blanks 164-69 All Sample Persons, Locations 01-35 See Detailed Notes Blanks 170-75 Detailed Persons, Locations 01-65 See Detailed Notes Blanks 176-81 All Sample Persons, Locations 01-65 See Detailed Notes Blanks 182- Work Area 193 194- STRATA 1/ 195 196- Primary Sampling Unit1/ 198 199- Work Area 200 1/Use only for producing variance estimates for examination locations 1-65 or 1-100. See General Note titled "Variance Estimation" for producing variance estimates for examination locations 1-35 or 66-100. DETAILED NOTES, DEMOGRAPHIC DATA Tape Position 10 - Size of Place Size of place classification was derived from the 1960 census. According to the definition used in the 1960 census, the urban population was comprised of all persons living in (a) places of 2,500 inhabitants or more incorporated as cities, boroughs, villages and towns (except towns in New York, New England, and Wisconsin); (b) the densely settled urban fringe, whether incorporated or unincorporated, or urbanized areas; (c) towns in New England and townships in New Jersey and Pennsylvania which contained no incorporated municipalities as subdivisions and had either 2,500 inhabitants or more, or a population of 2,500 to 25,000 and a density of 1,500 persons or more per square mile; (d) counties in states other than the New England states, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, that had no incorporated municipalities within their boundaries and had a density of 1,500 persons per square mile; and (e) unincorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more not included in any urban fringe. The remaining population was classified as rural. Urban areas are further classified by population size for places within urbanized areas and other places outside urbanized areas. Tape Position 11 - SMSA A standard metropolitan statistical area is basically a county or a group of contiguous counties which contains at least one city of 50,000 inhabitants or more, or "twin cities" with a combined population of at least 50,000. In addition to the county or counties containing such a city or cities, contiguous counties are included in an SMSA if, according to the 1960 Census, they are socially and economically integrated with the central city. Each SMSA must include at least one central city, and the complete title of an SMSA identifies the central city or cities. Tape Positions 22 and 103 - Race The race of the respondent was marked by observation and it was assumed the race of all related persons was the same as the respondent unless otherwise learned. The race categories were "White", "Negro", or "other." If the appropriate category could not be marked by observation, then race was asked. Persons of races other than White or Negro, such as Japanese, Chinese, American Indian, Korean, Hindu, Eskimo, etc. were reported as "Other." Mexicans were included with "White" unless definitely known to be American Indian or of other nonwhite race. Tape Positions 34-35 - Total Family Income Group The income group represents the total combined family income for the past twelve (12) months. It includes income from all sources such as wages, salaries, social security or retirement benefits, help from relatives, rent from property and so forth. The income groups were not reconciled to the component parts (tape positions 36-94). The income component parts were not asked when the gross income was greater than $6,999 per annum. However, amounts greater than $6,999 appear in tape positions 37-40, 67-70, and 72-75. Some respondents reported a loss of income from their nonfarm business, professional practice, partnership or farm and this explains why some data fields are greater than $6,999, but the individual total in tape positions 91-94 does not exceed this figure. Tape Positions 95-99 - Family Unit Code All related sample persons in the same family unit have the same computer generated family unit code. This will enable detailed analysis of the individual family unit. Tape Positions 110-111 - State Codes UNITED STATES OUTLYING AREAS OF THE U.S. Standard Abbreviation Code Name of Place Cod ALABAMA Ala. 01 American Samoa 60 ALASKA Alaska 02 Canal Zone 61 ARIZONA Ariz. 04 Canton and Enderbury Islands 62 ARKANSAS Ark. 05 Caroline Islands 63 CALIFORNIA Calif. 06 Cook Islands 64 COLORADO Colo. 08 Gilbert and Ellice Islands 65 CONNECTICUT Conn. 09 Guam 66 DELAWARE Del. 10 Johnston Atoll 67 DIST. OF COLUMBIA D.C. 11 Line Islands - Southern 68 FLORIDA Fla. 12 Mariana Islands 69 GEORGIA Ga. 13 Marchall Islands 70 HAWAII Hawaii 15 Midway Islands 71 IDAHO Idaho 16 Puerto Rico 72 ILLINOIS Ill. 17 Ryukyn Islands - Southern 73 INDIANA Ind. 18 Swan Islands 74 IOWA Iowa 19 Tokelau Islands 75 KANSAS Kans. 20 U.S. Misc. Caribbean 76 KENTUCKY Ky. 21 U.S. Misc. Pacific Islands 77 LOUISIANA La. 22 Virgin Islands 78 MAINE Maine 23 Wake Islands 79 MARYLAND Md. 24 Cuba 80 MASSACHUSETTS Mass. 25 West Indies 81 MICHIGAN Mich. 26 North America 91 MINNESOTA Minn. 27 South America 92 MISSISSIPPI Miss. 28 Europe 93 MISSOURI Mo. 29 Africa 94 MONTANA Mont. 30 Asia 95 NEBRASKA Nebr. 31 Australasia 96 NEVADA Nev. 32 Pacific Islands 97 NEW HAMPSHIRE Nebr. 33 NEW JERSEY N.J. 34 NEW MEXICO N. Mex. 35 NEW YORK N.Y 36 NORTH CAROLINA N.C. 37 NORTH DAKOTA N. Dak. 38 OHIO Ohio 39 OKLAHOMA Okla. 40 OREGON Oreg. 41 PENNSYLVANIA Pa. 42 RHODE ISLANDS R.I. 44 SOUTH CAROLINA S.C. 45 SOUTH DAKOTA S. Dak. 46 UNITED STATES Standard Abbreviation Code TENNESSEE Tenn. 47 TEXAS Tex. 48 UTAH Utah 49 VERMONT Vt. 50 VIRGINIA Va. 51 WASHINGTON Wash. 53 WEST VIRGINIA W. Va. 54 WISCONSIN Wis. 55 WYOMING Wyo. 56 Tape Positions 132-134 and 135-137 - Industry & Occupation Codes A person's occupation may be defined as his principal job or business. For this survey purpose, the principal job or business of a respondent is defined in one of the following ways: If the person worked during the two week interview period or had a job or business, the question concerning his occupation (or work) applies to his job during that period. If the respondent held more than one job, the question is directed to the one at which he spent the most time. It refers to the one he considers most important when equal time is spent at each job. A person who has not begun work at a new job, is looking for work, or is on layoff from work is questioned about his last full-time civilian job. A full-time job is defined as one at which the person spen 35 or more hours per week and which lasted two consecutive weeks or more. A person who has a job to which he has not yet reported and has never had a previous job or business is classified as a "new worker." The 1970 census of population Alphabetical Index of Industries and Occupations was used in the coding of both the industry and occupation. Library of Congress Number 74-612012. For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. $3.00. Stock Number 0301-2283. Tape Position 146 - Land Land used for farming purposes (Code 1 in Tape Position 146) was identified as being rural land (Code 2 in Tape Position 13) consisting of 10 or more acres (Code 1 in Tape Position 14) with crop sales amounting to $50 or more (Code 2 in Tape Position 15), or rural land (Code 2 in Tape Position 13) consisting of less than 10 acres (Code 2 in Tape Position 14) with crop sales amounting to $250 or more (Code 3 in Tape Position 16). All Other land is classified as nonfarm (Code 2 in Tape Position 146). Tape Positions 147-149 - Poverty Index Poverty Index--Income status was determined by the Poverty Income Ratio (PIR). Poverty statistics published in the Census Bureau reports1/ were based on the poverty index developed by the Social Security Administration in 1964. (For a detailed discussion of the SSA poverty standards, see reference 2.) Modifications in the definition of poverty were adopted in 1969.3/ The standard data series in poverty for statistical use by all executive departments and establishments has been established.4/ The two components of the PIR are the total income of the household (numerator) and a multiple of the total income necessary to maintain a family with given characteristics on a nutritionally adequate food plan3/ (denominator). The dollar value of the denominator of the PIR is constructed from a food plan (economy plan) necessary to maintain minimum recommended daily nutritional requirements. The economy plan is designated by the Department of Agriculture for "emergency or temporary use when funds are low." For families of three or more persons, the poverty level was set at three times the cost of the economy food plan. For smaller families and persons living alone, the cost of the economy food plan was adjusted by the relatively higher fixed expenses of these smaller households. The denominator or poverty income cutoff adjusts the family poverty income maintenance requirements by the family size, the sex of the family head, the age of the family head in families with one or two members, and the place of residence (farm, nonfarm). Annual revisions of the poverty income cutoffs are based on the changes in the average cost of living as reflected in the Consumer Price Index. As shown in the table, the annual income considered to be the poverty level increases as the family size increases. A family with any combination of characteristics and with the same income as shown in the table has been designated as having a PIR or poverty level of 1.0. The same family with twic the income found in the table would have a PIR of 2.0. Ratios of less than 1.0 can be described as "below poverty," ratios greater than or equal to 1.0, as "at or above poverty." Poverty thresholds are computed on a national basis only. No attempt has been made to adjust these thresholds for regional, State, or other local variation in the cost of living (except for the farm, nonfarm difference). None of the noncash public welfare benefits such as food stamp bonuses or free food commodities are included in the income of the low income families receiving these benefits. 1/ Current Populatrion Reports, "Consumer Income," Series P-60, No. 77, May 7, 1971 2/ Orshansky, M.: "Counting the Poor: Another Look at the Poverty Profile, Social Security Bulletin, January 1965; "Who's Who Among the Poor: A Demographic View of Poverty," Social Security Bulletin, July 1965. 3/ Current Population Reports, "Special Studies," Series P-23, No. 28, August 12, 1969 4/ Circular No. A-46, Transmitted Memorandum No. 9, Executive Office of the President, Bureau of the Budget, August 29, 1969, and Exhibit L (rev.) Weighted average thresholds at the low income level in 1971 by size of family and sex of head, by farm-nonfarm residence Nonfarm Farm Size of family Total Total Male1 Female1 Total Male1 Female1 head head head head All unrelated individuals- $2,033 $2,040 $2,136 $1,978 $1,727 $1,783 $1,669 Under 65 years--------- 2,093 3,098 2,181 2,017 1,805 1,853 1,715 65 years and over------ 1,931 1,940 1,959 1,934 1,652 1,666 1,643 All families-------------- 3,700 3,724 3,764 3,428 3,235 3,242 3,079 2 persons-------------- 2,612 2,633 2,641 2,581 2,219 2,224 2,130 Head under 65 years---- 2,699 2,716 2,731 2,635 2,317 2,322 2,195 Head 65 years and over- 2,424 2,448 2,450 2,437 2,082 2,081 2,089 3 persons-------------- 3,207 3,229 3,248 3,127 2,745 2,749 2,627 4 persons-------------- 4,113 4,137 4,139 4,116 3,527 3,528 3,513 5 persons-------------- 4,845 4,880 4,884 4,837 4,159 4,159 4,148 6 persons-------------- 5,441 5,489 5,492 5,460 4,688 4,689 4,656 7 persons or more------ 6,678 6,751 6,771 6,583 5,736 5,749 5,516 1For unrelated individuals, sex of the individual. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Social and Economic Statistics Administration, U.S. Bureau of the Census "Characteristics of the Low Income Population: 1971," Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 86, p. 18. Tape Position 150 - Region The United States was divided into four broad geographic regions of approximately equal population. These regions, which deviate somewhat from the groups used by the Bureau of the Census, are as follows: Region States Included Northeast Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania South Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, West Virginia, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Arkansas Midwest Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri West Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Arizona, Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Idaho, Utah, Colorado, Montana, and Wyoming. Tape Positions 158-193 - HANES HANES is a multistage, stratified, probability sample of loose clusters of persons in land-based segments. In addition, HANES is composed of two distinct examination components--a nutrition screening examination (taken by all examinees) and a more detailed examination taken by a pre-selected subsample of all examinees, ages 25-74. For the nutrition screening examination, locations 1-35 and 1-65 constituted national probability samples and for the detailed examination, locations 1-35, 1-65, 66-100 and 1-100 all constitute national probability samples. In other words, HANES is composed of six distinct subsamples of the U.S. population. For a more detailed discussion of the sample design see Series 1, No. 10a. Since each of these six subsamples is a distinct subsample of the U.S. population, such subsample requires a different set of weights. The weights are based upon the probability of selection into the sample, adjustments for nonresponse and further adjustments to approximate the U.S. noninstitutionalized population as of the midpoint of each subsample. In order to select all of those examinees in a particular subsample, i.e. received a particular exam component, it is necessary to exclude all examinees with a weight of zero or blank. It is also necessary to exclude all zero or blank weights because that is the only way to differentiate missing data due to nonresponse from data that is missing because the sample design dictated that a particular examinee was not supposed to receive particular examination component. It is suggested that any analyses that are desired by the researcher be performed using the greatest number of examinees possible; that is, if the researcher is interested in an exam component of the nutrition screening examination he should use the weight and consequently the data from the 65 location subsample rather than the 35 location subsample. For the detailed examination, the researcher should use the 100 location subsample rather than one of the others. However, some exam components were only done in a particular subsample; for example, only at the first 35 locations. In that case, the researcher has no choice in selecting a particular subsample. There may be occasions when a researcher may want to make comparisons of estimates obtained from various subsamples. For example, the prevalence of some disease condition as estimated from the first 35 locations could be compared with an estimate based upon locations 66-100. The researcher may also want to formulate hypotheses using 1 subsample and test those hypotheses using another subsample. GENERAL NOTES, SPIROMETRY DATA, HANES I Test Instruction and Performance: The 6,913 examinees included in the detailed sample were eligible to perform the Forced Expiratory Spirogram (FES). This test provides measures of respiratory performance and is the only effort-dependent test conducted in HANES I. The FES, as administered by the HANES I technicians, consisted of five (5) maximal expirations. After a careful, standardized explanation explanation and demonstration by the technician, the examinee was required to inhale maximally from room air. Then, after the technician had started the recording equipment, the examinee placed the tube of the spirometer into his own mouth, over the tongue, and exhaled as quickly and completely as possible. During the whole trial, the technician verbally exhorted the examinee to a maximum effort. At the end of each trial, the examinee was allowed to rest for a few moments while the technician provided remedial instruction, if necessary. At the end of the five-trial set, the technician evaluated the paper tracings of the trials generated by the recording equipment (see Data Recording System Section). The primary criteria for acceptance were reproducibility (trials with over three liters of volume had to be within 5% of each other on the best two trials; those under three liters were required to agree within 10%) and acceptable flow rate patterns. Additionally, the technicians were trained to recognize procedural errors (Venturi's,inhalation artifacts,etc.) and to void trials on which these occurred. If a set of five trials did not satisfy these criteria, the examinee was asked to rest a short time and then return for another set of five trials. If the second set was still not acceptable, the examinee was asked to rest a longer time (20 minutes),and the chief technician then administered a final set of five trials. For several reasons, not all examinees performed an acceptable FES. No examinee was allowed to perform an FES prior to receiving the physician's examination, and in a number of cases the physician dictated that the examinee not perform the FES. Also, as with any effort-dependent test, some of the subjects were unwilling to exert themselves sufficiently to generate acceptable data.Finally, a number of the subject experienced insuperable difficulty in understanding the instructions or performing the test, due to language difficulties, mental insufficiency, physical disabilities, or excessive discomfort. Data Reduction: The raw data was recorded on 9-track magnetic computer tape. Two hundred and seventy-five (275) of these tapes(which contained both EKG and spirometry data,as well as identifying information at the head of each record) were generated by the Mobile Examination Centers and were sent to the NCHS computer center in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, for eventual analysis by the IBM 370-158 located on the premises. Data reduction was a six-step process.At each step of the process,the output was reviewed by an analyst whose sole responsibility was the preparation of this data set for release to the general public. Errors in the identifying information were corrected; truncated and blank records were deleted; and electronic noise "spikes" were removed via linear interpolation. For each spirometry effort, 9216 eight-bit bytes of information were recorded. These included 18 bytes of identifying information and 4599 two-byte data words, representing 9.198 seconds of the volume signal sampled at the rate of 500 samples per second.Electrocardiographic (EKG) examinations were also performed during the HANES I. The signal was sampled at the same rate and recorded on the magnetic tape as well. The first step of the six-step process mentioned above involved the separation of the spirometric data from the EKG data, with a consequent reduction to only 18 reels of high-density (6250 bit-per-inch) tape. During this step all identification information was verified or corrected as necessary. The second step consisted of the calculation of some simple statistics (minimum, maximum, mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum one-point derivatives, and minimum and maximum moving three-point median derivatives) to assess the quality of each record and to ensure that each was of the type indicated by the identification information (electronic calibration, pneumatic calibration, or spirogram). Again, incorrect identification information was corrected and it was during this step that incomplete or blank records were identified and deleted.Noise "spikes," usually of a duration of less than two or three 500ths of a second, were replaced with linearly interpolated values. The third step consisted of the calculation of a calibration constant for each tape, using the pneumatic calibration, as described in another publication.1 This step was necessary because the conversion from analog signal to digital representation was not a strict one-to-one relationship and because differences in equipment condition, power characteristics, etc., created a variable relationship between volume input and digital representation output. At the beginning of each tape and at the beginning of each test session, the technician configured the spirometer (an Ohio 800) to generate a sinusoidal wave of five liters amplitude. The digital amplitudes were calculated from the recorded data,and the ratio of the two amplitudes was used as a calibration constant to be applied to data recorded on that tape. If the coefficient of variation for the amplitudes exceeded three percent, (that is, the standard deviation of the recorded amplitudes was greater than three percent of the mean of the amplitudes) the data on the tape was fragmented until no fragment had a coefficient of variation greater than three percent. The fourth step concerned estimating the stability of the signal. This step was crucial, since the subsequent program which generated the parameters for each trial used this estimate to establish "windows" around certain criteria for identifying critical points in the trial, such as zero time.The estimate was derived by first identifying the end of the baseline of the spirogram using the gross criterion of the first one-point positive derivative greater than one liter per second plus a user-supplied tolerance for baseline variability.If the baseline was over 0.15 seconds long,all the one-point derivatives for the baseline were summed.The same process was applied to all the spirograms, the mean and standard deviation of the baseline derivatives were calculated, and the latter value, if acceptable, was used as input into the parameter calculation program. The fifth step involved the calculation of the 55 parameters (positions 226-500) described in the tape documentation. The methodology used in this step is described at length in another publication.1 The output from this step is available on request. Finally, a best trial for each subject was chosen, using the simple criterion of highest summed Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volume at one second (FEV1). Subject with no trials free of procedural errors were deleted. Reproducibility was evaluated using the criteria described in the second on Test Instruction and Performance, and a reproducibility code was appended. Lastly, a provisional diagnosis was made (based on the FEV1/FVC ratio and the relationship between predicted and observed FVC's), and a diagnostic code of normal, restrictive, obstructive or restrictive/obstructive was appended (see detailed note-Pos. 515). The output from this step consisted of 5,544 trials. Data Recording System: The instrumentation used to acquire and store the spirometry signals consisted of an electronic spirometer, a storage X-Y oscilloscope to display the flow-volume curve,a linear strip chart recorder to provide a permanent record of the volume signal,and a data acquisition unit to encode, convert, and record the volume signal on digital tape. The spirometer used for all trials was a Model 800 "electronic" spirometer manufactured by Ohio Medical Instruments Corporation. Through the use of a low-voltage potentiometer, this spirometer converts the volume of expired air to a current that is transmitted to the Ohio Flow-Volume Converter. Here the signal is filtered, amplified, and converted to digital form. The volume signal was recorded on a digital base acquisition system (Beckman Digicorder Model No. DRS-1000) along with 18 digits of identifying information for each record, entered on thumb wheel switches by the technician. 1/ Discher, D., et al. "Computer Assisted Spirometry Data Analysis Program for the HANES, 1971-1980". In press. The X-Y oscilloscope and the strip chart recorder were used by the technician for monitoring purposes while conducting the examination. The former provided a temporary graphic record of the relationship between volume and flow on each trial,allowed estimates of maximum flow and total volume expired at the end of each trial, and facilitated technician detection of procedural errors. The strip chart recorder, along with providing a permanent record,was used by the technicians to check for a sufficient baseline and a satisfactory termination of effort and to establish reproducibility. Along with electrocardiographic and spirometric data,two types of calibration records were generated.The first type, a five-volt square wave, was generated by the technician at the beginning of each FES, using the signal generation capability of the Flow-Volume Converter. These records were used to evaluate the functioning of the electronic portion of the system, and were called electronic calibrations. The other type of calibration record, a pneumatic calibration, was generated by the spirometer itself. An internal volume pump was used to drive the spirometer piston to "inhale" and "exhale" exactly live liters of air. The sinusoidal wave thus generated and recorded was measured by computer analysis and used to estimate a calibration constant (see section on Data Reduction). Quality Control and Technician Retaining:Several quality control systems were employed during the collection of spirometric data during HANES I. These systems were complementary in that they monitored different facets of the data collection process, but the most important of them involved periodic field visits to the mobile examination centers (MEC's) by qualified spirometric consultants. During these visits, the consultant observed the administration of at least one FES by each technician. At the completion of the testing session, and after reviewing a sample of all the strip charts recorded at that location, the consultant usually held a classroom discussion for the technicians to explain errors in technique, to provide some understanding of the physiology of spirometry, and to suggest ways to improve examinee cooperation. Additionally, the chief technician was required to review a sample of all the strip charts recorded at each location and to provide retraining as necessary. When a field visit was not scheduled the strip charts were often sent to the consultant who reviewed them and sent his comments and suggestions both to the field staff and to headquarters, where they came to the attention of the supervisory technician and responsible analytic personnel. Finally, during the setup of the MEC's at most sites, a biomedical engineer checked equipment performance and made any necessary repairs or adjustments, based on a number of calibration techniques available to him.Test tapes were not generated at that time due to the unavailability of analysis programs. SPIROMETRY DATA SUMMARY - HANES I Tape Positions Catalog ................................................................ 201 Height ................................................................. 205 Height Imputation Code ................................................. 208 Weight ................................................................. 209 Weight Imputation Code ................................................. 214 Technician Number ...................................................... 215 Reliability Code ....................................................... 217 Trial Number ........................................................... 218 Time of achieving 0.2 liters volume, measured from start of expiration ........................................................ 226 Flow at 0.2 liters volume .............................................. 231 Volume at 1/4 seconds after start of expiration ........................ 236 Flow at 1/4 seconds after start of expiration .......................... 241 Time of peak flow, measured from start of expiration ................... 246 Volume at peak flow .................................................... 251 Peak flow .............................................................. 256 Time of achieving 1.0 liters volume, measured from start of expiration ........................................................ 261 Flow at 1.0 liters volume .............................................. 266 Volume at 1/2 seconds after start of expiration ........................ 271 Flow at 1/2 seconds after start of expiration .......................... 276 Volume at time of peak flow plus .10 seconds ........................... 281 Flow at time of peak flow plus .10 seconds ............................. 286 Time of achieving 1.2 liters volume, measured from start of expiration ........................................................ 291 Flow at 1.2 liters volume .............................................. 296 Volume at 3/4 seconds after start of expiration ........................ 301 Flow at 3/4 seconds after start of expiration .......................... 306 Volume at time of peak flow plus .50 seconds ........................... 311 Flow at time of peak flow plus .50 seconds ............................. 316 Time of achieving 2.0 liters volume, measured from start of expiration ........................................................ 321 Flow at 2.0 liters volume .............................................. 326 Volume at 1.0 seconds after start of expiration ........................ 331 Flow at 1.0 seconds after start of expiration .......................... 336 Volume at time of peak flow plus 1.0 seconds ........................... 341 Flow at time of peak flow plus 1.0 seconds ............................. 346 Time of achieving 3.0 liters volume, measured from start of expiration ........................................................ 351 Flow at 3.0 liters volume .............................................. 356 Volume at 2.0 seconds after start of expiration ........................ 361 Flow at 2.0 seconds after start of expiration .......................... 366 Volume at time of peak flow plus 2.0 seconds ........................... 371 Flow at time of peak flow plus 2.0 seconds ............................. 376 Tape Positions Time of achieving 4.0 liters volume, measured from start of expiration ........................................................ 381 Flow at 4.0 liters volume .............................................. 386 Volume at 3.0 seconds after start of expiration ........................ 391 Flow at 3.0 seconds after start of expiration .......................... 396 Volume at time of peak flow plus 3.0 seconds ........................... 401 Flow at time of peak flow plus 3.0 seconds ............................. 406 Time of achieving 5.0 liters volume, measured from start of expiration ........................................................ 411 Flow at 5.0 liters volume .............................................. 416 Volume at 4.0 seconds after start of expiration ........................ 421 Flow at 4.0 seconds after start of expiration .......................... 426 Volume at time of peak flow plus 4.0 seconds ........................... 431 Flow at time of peak flow plus 4.0 seconds ............................. 436 Time of achieving 6.0 liters volume, measured from start of expiration ........................................................ 441 Flow at 6.0 liters volume .............................................. 446 Time of achieving 25% of forced vital capacity ......................... 451 Flow at 25% of forced vital capacity ................................... 456 Time of achieving 50% of forced vital capacity ......................... 461 Flow at 50% of forced vital capacity ................................... 466 Forced Vital Capacity .................................................. 471 Mid Expiratory Flow Rate ............................................... 476 Maximum Mid Expiratory Flow ............................................ 481 Time of achieving 75% of forced vital capacity ......................... 486 Flow at 75% of forced vital capacity ................................... 491 Forced Vital Capacity Time ............................................. 496 BTPS factor............................................................ 501 Calibration factor ..................................................... 508 Diagnosis Code ......................................................... 515 Reproducibility Code ................................................... 516 Best Trial Code ........................................................ 517 RECORD LAYOUT, SPIROMETRY DATA HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY (HANES I) SPIROMETRY DATA TAPE - BEST TRIALS ONLY (n=6,913) Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 201- CATALOG NUMBER 204 4250 205- Height (in inches - xx.x - decimal 207 not shown on tape 52.3 - 80.7 - as given 6906 888 - blank, but applicable 7 208 Imputation Code 0 - as observed 6892 1 - missing data - imputed 14 8 - blank, but applicable 7 209- Weight (in pounds - xxx.xx - decimal 213 not shown on tape 071.50 - 400.0 - as given 6909 88888 - blank, but applicable 4 214 Imputation Code 0 - as observed 6890 1 - missing data - imputed 19 8 - missing data - not imputed 4 215- Technician Number 216 33, 69-75, 78, 81-87, 90, 92-95 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 217 Reliability Code 0 - no procedural errors 102 1 - no stable base line 0 2 - volume increasing at end of record 0 3 - FEV1.00 less than 4% greater than FEV0.50 or FEV2.00 less than 4% greater than FEV1.00 0 4 - inhalation artifact 0 5 - venturi 0 6 - volume less than 0.2 liters 0 7 - hesitation artifact 5442 8 - premature termination at end of trial 0 Blank 1369 218- Trial Number 219 01-13 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 220- BLANK - DATA USER WORK AREA 225 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 226- Time (in 1000th of seconds) of 230 achieving 0.2 liters volume, measured from start of expiration 00001 - 00479 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 231- Flow (in mls/sec) at 0.2 liters 235 volume 00000 - 15422 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 236- Volume (in mls) at 1/4 seconds after 240 start of expiration 00013 - 03054 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 241- Flow (in mls/sec) at 1.4 seconds after 245 start of expiration 00000 - 10967 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 246- Time (in 1000th of seconds) of 250 peak flow, measured from start of expiration 00000 - 05870 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 251- Volume (in mls) at peak flow 255 00008 - 04023 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 256- Peak Flow (in mls/sec) 260 02462 - 16846 - as given 5535 99999 - not technically valid 9 Blank 1369 261- Time (in 1000th of seconds) of 265 achieving 1.0 liters volume, measured from start of expiration 00090 - 05630 - as given 5536 99999 - not technically valid 8 Blank 1369 266- Flow (in mls/sec) at 1.0 liters 270 volume 00000 - 15793 - as given 5520 99999 - not technically valid 24 Blank 1369 271- Volume (in mls) at 1/2 seconds after 275 start of expiration 00214 - 04792 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 276- Flow (in mls/sec) at 1.2 seconds after 280 start of expiration 00000 - 07118 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 281- Volume (in mls) at time of (peak flow 285 plus .10 seconds) 00057 - 04501 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 286- Flow (in mls/sec) at time of (peak 290 flow plus .10 seconds) 00000 - 12258 - as given 5524 99999 - not technically valid 20 Blank 1369 291- Time (in 1000th of seconds) of 295 achieving 1.2 liters volume, measured from start of expiration 00100 - 06697 - as given 5526 99999 - not technically valid 18 Blank 1369 296- Flow (in mls/sec) at 1.2 liters 300 volume 00000 - 15793 - as given 5471 99999 - not technically valid 73 Blank 1369 301- Volume (in mls) at 3/4 seconds after 305 start of expiration 00276 - 05685 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 306- Flow (in mls/sec) at 3/4 seconds after 310 start of expiration 00000 - 05862 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 311- Volume (in mls) at time of (peak flow 315 plus .50 seconds) 00214 - 05295 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 316- Flow (in mls/sec) at time of (peak 320 flow plus .50 seconds) 00000 - 06497 - as given 4806 99999 - not technically valid 738 Blank 1369 321- Time (in 1000th of seconds) of 325 achieving 2.0 liters volume, measured from start of expiration 00170 - 07870 - as given 5327 99999 - not technically valid 217 Blank 1369 326- Flow (in mls/sec) at 2.0 liters 330 volume 00000 - 13477 - as given 4672 99999 - not technically valid 872 Blank 1369 331- Volume (in mls) at 1.0 seconds after 335 start of expiration 00328 - 06158 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 336- Flow (in mls/sec) at 1.0 seconds after 340 start of expiration 00000 - 04606 - as given 1925 99999 - not technically valid 3619 Blank 1369 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 341- Volume (in mls) at time of (peak flow 345 plus 1.0 seconds) 00328 - 06306 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 346- Flow (in mls/sec) at time of (peak 350 flow plus 1.0 seconds) 00000 - 03366 - as given 1461 99999 - not technically valid 4083 Blank 1369 351- Time (in 1000th of seconds) of 355 achieving 3.0 liters volume, measured from start of expiration 00250 - 08560 - as given 4088 99999 - not technically valid 1456 Blank 1369 356- Flow (in mls/sec) at 3.0 liters 360 volume 00000 - 09686 - as given 2003 99999 - not technically valid 3541 Blank 1369 361- Volume (in mls) at 2.0 seconds after 365 start of expiration 00436 - 07074 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 366- Flow (in mls/sec) at 2.0 seconds after 370 start of expiration 00000 - 03691 - as given 238 99999 - not technically valid 5306 Blank 1369 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 371- Volume (in mls) at time of (peak flow 375 plus 2.0 seconds) 00436 - 07128 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 376- Flow (in mls/sec) at time of (peak 380 flow plus 2.0 seconds) 00000 - 04950 - as given 204 99999 - not technically valid 5340 Blank 1369 381- Time (in 1000th of seconds) of 385 achieving 4.0 liters volume, measured from start of expiration 00370 - 08520 - as given 2003 99999 - not technically valid 3541 Blank 1369 386- Flow (in mls/sec) at 4.0 liters 390 volume 00000 - 07160 - as given 473 99999 - not technically valid 5071 Blank 1369 391- Volume (in mls) at 3.0 seconds after 395 start of expiration 00436 - 07586 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 396- Flow (in mls/sec) at 3.0 seconds after 400 start of expiration 00000 - 02872 - as given 69 99999 - not technically valid 5475 Blank 1369 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 401- Volume (in mls) at time of (peak flow 405 plus 3.0 seconds) 00436 - 07596 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 406- Flow (in mls/sec) at time of (peak 410 flow plus 3.0 seconds) 00000 - 03206 - as given 56 99999 - not technically valid 5488 Blank 1369 411- Time (in 1000th of seconds) of 415 achieving 5.0 liters volume, measured from start of expiration 00550 - 08910 - as given 717 99999 - not technically valid 4827 Blank 1369 416- Flow (in mls/sec) at 5.0 liters 420 volume 00818 - 04743 - as given 31 99999 - not technically valid 5513 Blank 1369 421- Volume (in mls) at 4.0 seconds after 425 start of expiration 00436 - 07789 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 426- Flow (in mls/sec) at 4.0 seconds after 430 start of expiration 00000 - 02085 - as given 24 99999 - not technically valid 5520 Blank 1369 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 431- Volume (in mls) at time of (peak flow 435 plus 4.0 seconds) 00436 - 07789 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 436- Flow (in mls/sec) at time of (peak 440 flow plus 4.0 seconds) 00000 - 01444 - as given 20 99999 - not technically valid 5524 Blank 1369 441- Time (in 1000th of seconds) of 445 achieving 6.0 liters volume, measured from start of expiration 00900 - 08470 - as given 144 99999 - not technically valid 5400 Blank 1369 446- Flow (in mls/sec) at 6.0 liters 450 volume 01702 - as given 1 99999 - not technically valid 5543 Blank 1369 451- Time (in 1000th of seconds) of 455 achieving 25% of Forced Vital Capacity 00065 - 00954 - as given 5344 Blank 1369 456- Flow (in mls/sec) at 25% of Forced 460 Vital Capacity 00000 - 14530 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 461- Time (in 1000th of seconds) of 465 achieving 50% of Forced Vital Capacity 00170 - 02650 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 466- Flow (in mls/sec) at 50% of Forced 470 Vital Capacity 00000 - 09075 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 471- FVC (Forced Vital Capacity) 475 00436 - 08097 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 476- MEFR (Mid-Expiratory Flow Rate) = 480 average flow during the first significant liter of effort = Forced Expiratory Flow (FEF) rate between 200 mls and 1200 mls - FEF200 - 1200 00159 - 15214 - as given 5526 99999 - not technically valid 18 Blank 1369 481- MMEF (Maximum Mid-Expiratory Flow) 485 = average Forced Expiratory Flow rate in the middle 50% of volume = FEF25% - 75% 00141 - 07563 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 486- Time (in 1000th of seconds) of 490 achieving 75% of Forced Vital Capacity 00351 - 07485 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 491- Flow (in mls/sec) at 75% of Forced 495 Vital Capacity 00000 - 05482 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 496- FVCt = time of FVC, measured in 500 1000th of seconds from start of expiration 01140 - 09020 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 501- BTPS factor (decimal is shown on tape) 507 1.05099 - 1.11526 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 508- Calibration factor (decimal is shown on tape) 514 0.89000 - 0.97000 - as given 5544 Blank 1369 515 Diagnosis Code 1 - Normal 4776 See Detailed Note 2 - Restrictive 642 3 - Obstructive 68 4 - Restrictive/Obstructive 58 Blank 1369 Tape Control Loc. ITEM DESCRIPTION & CODES Counts HANES I Data Source 516 Reproducibility Code 0 - Not reproducible 862 See Detailed Note 1 - Reproducible 4682 Blank 1369 517 Best Trial 1 - Best trial 5544 See Detailed Note Blank 1369 518- BLANK - DATA USER WORK AREA 525 DETAILED NOTES, SPIROMETRY DATA HANES is a multi-stage, stratified, probability sample of loose clusters of persons in land-based segments.In addition, HANES is composed of two distinct examination components--a nutrition screening examination (taken by all examinees) and a more detailed examination taken by a pre-selected subsample of all examinees, ages 25-74. For the nutrition screening examination,locations 1-35 and 1-65 constituted national probability samples and for the detailed examination, locations 1-35, 1-65, 66-100 and 1-100 all constitute national probability samples. In other words, HANES is composed of six distinct subsamples of the U.S. population. For a more detailed discussion of the sample design see Series 1, No. 10a. Since each of these six subsamples is a distinct subsample of the U.S. population, each subsample requires a different set of weights. The weights are based upon the probability of selection into the sample, adjustments for nonresponse and further adjustments to approximate the U.S. noninstitutionalized population as of the midpoint of each subsample. In order to select all of those examinees in a particular subsample, i.e., received a particular exam component,it is necessary to exclude all examinees with a weight of zero or blank. It is also necessary to exclude all zero or blank weights because that is the only way to differentiate missing data due to nonresponse from data that is missing because the sample design dictated that a particular examinee was not supposed to receive a particular examination component. It is suggested that any analyses that are desired by the researcher be performed using the greatest number of examinees possible; that is, if the researcher is interested in an exam component of the nutrition screening examination he should use the weight and consequently the data from the 65 location subsample rather than the 35 location subsample. For the detailed examination, the researcher should use the 100 location subsample rather than one of the others. However, some exam components were only done in a particular subsample; for example, only at the first 35 locations.In that case, the researcher has no choice in selecting a particular subsample. There may be occasions when a researcher may want to make comparisons of estimates obtained from various subsamples. For example, the prevalence of some disease condition as estimated from the first 35 locations could be compared with an estimate based upon locations 66-100.The researcher may also want to formulate hypotheses using one subsample and test those hypotheses using another subsample. Diagnosis Code One of four possible diagnostic evaluations was generated for each subject: normal, restrictive, obstructive, restrictive/obstructive.These categories were developed as screening tools, and do not purport to be conclusive assessments. Two criteria were involved in the diagnoses: (1) maximum Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) (actually, the maximum of the two best trials, or the best trial if only one was available) and, (2) the ratio of the best Forced Expiratory Volume at one second (FEV1) to the best FVC (FEV1/FVC). If the maximum FVC was less than 80 percent of the predicted FVC, a diagnosis of "Restrictive Lung Disease" was recorded. If the ratio between the maximum FEV1 and the maximum FVC was less than 70 percent of the predicted FEV1/FVC ratio, the diagnosis of "Obstructive Lung Disease" was recorded. If both the above conditions were obtained,the diagnosis of "Restrictive/Obstructive Lung Disease" was recorded. The equations for the predicted values may be found in another publication1. As noted above, if the reader wishes to test or apply other diagnostic criteria, the larger all-trial tape may be obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics. 1/ Discher, D., et al. "Development of a New Motivational Spirometer- Rationale for Hardware and Software". Journal of Occupational Medicine, V. 14, p. 679, 1972. Detailed Note Tape Position 516 Reproducibility Reproducibility is defined as the ability of a subject to reproduce his best effort, and is the sine qua non of the Forced Expiratory Spirogram. If reproducibility is not established, the analyst cannot be assured that the recorded effort is the best the subject is capable of,even though this may in fact be true.For this data set,reproducibility was determined using the most widely accepted criteria,that of agreement of Forced Vital Capacities (FVC) and Forced Expiratory Volumes at one second (FEV1) between the best and second-best trials. Agreement is defined as a second-best FVC within 5 percent of the best FVC if the best FVC is over three liters,or 10 percent if the best FVC is under three liters. Best Trial Selection This data set contains only the best trial from the total number performed(up to 15) by each subject. In the selection of the best trial, all trials with technical failures (inhalation artifact, premature termination, etc.) are deleted before the selection of the best trial begins.If no acceptable trials remain, the subject is deleted. If only one trial remains, that one trial is retained as best. If two or more trials remain, the one with the maximum sum of Forced Vital Capacity and Forced Expiratory Volume at one second is chosen as best. These are the same two variables used to establish reproducibility (see detailed note, position 516).This selection algorithm is the most widely accepted but other algorithms have been suggested. If the user is interested in testing or applying a different best trial selection algorithm, the All-Trial Data Tape, available from the National Center for Health Statistics, must be used.
