 |
 |
 |
|
   |
||||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
Scientific Data Documentation
Alcohol (1982-1984)
DSN: CC37.HSPHANES.ALCOH ABSTRACT Introduction and Survey Description Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mexican Americans Cuban Americans Puerto Ricans The Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) was conducted from July 1982 through December 1984. The data on the tape documented here are from all three portions of the survey: Mexican Americans Residing in selected counties of Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and California Surveyed from July 1982 through November 1983 9,894 persons sampled; 8,554 interviewed; 7,462 examined Cuban Americans Residing in Dade County (Miami), Florida Surveyed from January 1984 through April 1984 2,244 persons sampled; 1,766 interviewed; 1,357 examined Puerto Ricans Residing in New York City area, including parts of New Jersey and Connecticut Surveyed from May 1984 through December 1984 3,786 persons sampled; 3,369 interviewed; 2,834 examined Important Caution Notice C A U T I O N BEFORE USING THIS DATA TAPE, PLEASE READ THIS PAGE. o Read the accompanying description of the survey, "The Plan and Operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey", DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 85-1321 before conducting analyses of the data on this tape. o Two aspects of HHANES, especially, should be taken into account when conducting any analyses: the sample weights and the complex survey design. o Analyses should not be conducted on data combined from the three portions of the survey (Mexican-American, Cuban-American, Puerto Rican). o HHANES is a survey of Hispanic households and some of the sample persons included on this tape are not of Hispanic origin. A detailed description of the data codes dealing with national origin or ancestry appears in the NOTES section of this document. o Examine the range and frequency of values of a variable before conducting an analyses of data. The range may include unusual or unexpected values. The frequency counts may be useful to determine which analyses may be worthwhile. o Language of interview, which may appear several places on this tape, can vary depending on the questionnaire (several used in the survey) and on whether the response was provided by the sample person or by a proxy. o For some data items, reference is made to a note. The notes (in a separate section of this document) may be very important in data analyses. Attention to them is strongly urged. This Public Use Data Tape has been edited very carefully. Numerous consistency and other checks were also performed. Nevertheless, due especially to the large number of data items, some errors may have gone undetected. Please bring to the attention of NCHS any errors in the data tape or the documentation. Errata sheets will be sent to people who have purchased the data tapes and corrections will be made to subsequently released data tapes. In publications, please acknowledge NCHS as the original data source. The acknowledgment should include a disclaimer crediting the authors for analyses, interpretations, and conclusions; NCHS should be cited as being responsible for only the collection and processing of the data. In addition, NCHS requests that the acronym HHANES be placed in the abstracts of journal articles and other publications based on data from this survey in order to facilitate the retrieval of such materials through automated bibliographic searches. Please send reprints of journal articles and other publications that include data from this tape to NCHS. Division of Health Examination Statistics National Center for Health Statistics Center Building, Room 2-58 3700 East-West Highway Hyattsville, MD 20782 Public Use Data Tapes for the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey will be released through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) as soon as the data have been edited, validated, and documented. A list of NCHS Public Use Data Tapes that can be purchased from NTIS may be obtained by writing the Scientific and Technical Information Branch, NCHS. Scientific and Technical Information Branch National Center for Health Statistics Center Building, Room 1-57 3700 East-West Highway Hyattsville, MD 20782 301-436-8500 BACKGROUND The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) collects, analyzes, and disseminates data on the health status of Americans. The results of surveys, analyses, and studies are made known primarily through publications and the release of computer data tapes. This document contains details required to guide programmers, statistical analysts, and research scientists in the use of a Public Use Data Tape. From 1960 through 1980 NCHS conducted five population-based, national health examination surveys. Each survey involved collecting data by direct physical examination, the taking of a medical history, and laboratory and clinical tests and measurements. Questionnaires and examination components have been designed to obtain and support analyses of data on certain targeted conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and anemia. Beginning with the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) a nutrition component was added to obtain information on nutritional status and dietary practices. The numbers of Hispanics in these samples were, however, insufficient to enable adequate estimation of their health conditions. From 1982 through 1984 a Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) was conducted to obtain data on the health and nutritional status of three Hispanic groups: Mexican Americans from Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and California; Cuban Americans from Dade County, Florida; and Puerto Ricans from the New York City area, including parts of New Jersey and Connecticut. The general structure of the HHANES sample design was similar to that of the previous National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. All of these studies have used complex, multistage, stratified, clustered samples of defined populations. The major difference between HHANES and the previous surveys is that HHANES was a survey of three special subgroups of the population in selected areas of the United States rather than a national probability sample. A detailed presentation of the design specifications is found in Chapter 5 of "Plan and Operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84" (Ref. No. 1). METHODS Data Collection and Processing Data collection began with a household interview. Several questionnaires were administered: o A Household Screener Questionnaire (HSQ), administered at each selected address, for determining household eligibility and for selecting sample persons. o A Family Questionnaire (FQ), administered once for each family containing sample persons, which included sections on family relationships, basic demographic information for sample persons and head of family, Medicare and health insurance coverage, participation in income assistance programs, and housing characteristics. o An Adult Sample Person Questionnaire (ASPQ), for persons 12 through 74 years which, depending on age, included sections on health status measures, health services utilization, smoking (20 through 74 years), meal program participation, and acculturation. Information on the use of medicines and vitamins in the past two weeks was also obtained. o A Child Sample Person Questionnaire (CSPQ), for sample persons 6 months through 11 years which included sections on a number of health status issues, health care utilization, infant feeding practices, participation in meal programs, school attendance, and language use. Information on the use of medicines and vitamins in the past two weeks was also obtained. At the Mobile Examination Center two questionnaires were administered and an examination performed: o An Adult Sample Person Supplement (ASPS), for sample persons 12 through 74 years, which included sections on alcohol consumption, drug abuse, depression, smoking (12 through 19 years), pesticide exposure, and reproductive history. o A Dietary Questionnaire (DQ), for persons 6 months through 74 years, by which trained dietary interviewers collected information about "usual" consumption habits and dietary practices, and recorded foods consumed 24-hours prior to midnight of the interview. o An examination which included a variety of tests and procedures. Age at interview and other factors determined which procedures were administered to which examinees. A dentist performed a dental examination and a vision test. Technicians took blood and urine specimens and administered a glucose tolerance test, X-rays, electrocardiograms, and ultrasonographs of the gallbladder. Technicians also performed hearing tests and took a variety of body measurements. A physician performed a medical examination focusing especially on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems. The physician's impression of overall health, nutritional and weight status, and health care needs were also recorded. Some blood and urine specimen analyses were performed by technicians in the examination center; others were conducted under contract at various laboratories. Data presented in Sections E through H and the family relationships data in Section J were collected on the Household Screener and Family Questionnaires. Data presented in Section K were collected on the Adult Sample Person Supplement Questionnaire which was administered in the medical examination center. Completed interview schedules were reviewed in the Survey's field offices and again at the data processing center of NCHS by clerical editors. The editors checked the forms for completeness, clarity, and compliance with skip patterns, and they coded items such as industry and occupation. At the data processing center the questionnaires were keyed and verified on key-to-disk data entry equipment under the control of programs that checked for valid codes and ranges, compliance with skip patterns, and consistency. After being keyed, data were reedited by analysts for reasonableness and consistency and for compliance with instructions for sampling and questionnaire administration. Most interview data were collected in the households of sample persons. Because of the sensitive nature of the subject matter, some interview data, including alcohol and drug use, were collected in the mobile examination center. Additional data on alcohol consumption were collected as part of the dietary interview also conducted in the mobile examination center. Data on the number of times beer, wine or liquor was consumed during the past three months are available on the Public Use Tape No. 6525, "Dietary Practices, Food Frequency and Total Nutrient Intakes." The general tape description format is Tape Position X Item X Counts. The item (field) may be a tape descriptor (e.g., Version Number), a sample person descriptor (e.g., Age at Interview), or a question (e.g., Is sample person covered by Medicare?). Where appropriate, data entries are presented by codes. Frequency counts are given for each code. The counts are included to help the user in planning analyses and in verifying that programs account for all data. The data source is given also (e.g., from Family Questionnaire). In some cases, a note is referenced. The notes contain explanations of the item (e.g., how Poverty Index is calculated). The questionnaire data have undergone many quality control and editing procedures. The responses of sample persons to some questions may appear extreme or illogical. Self-reported data, especially, are subject to a number of sources of variability, including recall and other reporting errors. In the data clean-up process, responses that varied considerably from expected were verified through direct review of the collection form or a copy of it. Such responses may not represent fact, but they are included as recorded in the field. The user must determine if these responses should be included in analyses. Responses to "other" and "specify" were recoded to existing categories, if possible. For responses that could not be recoded, new code categories were created if the information was deemed analytically useful. Caution should be used in interpreting the data from these new categories because there is no way of knowing which other respondents would have selected one of the new categories if given the option. For the adult sample person questionnaires there are three codes for missing information: 7's, 8's and blanks. In a few questions, 7's were used when the question was not applicable. A code "8" which is labeled as "blank but applicable" is used to indicate that a sample person should have a data value for a particular item but for varying reasons that value is unavailable. Blanks were used to follow skip patterns, i.e., when a question was not supposed to be asked or was not applicable. The "don't know" codes (9, 99, 999) were used only when given as a printed response on the original questionnaire. Copies of the questionnaires, both in English and Spanish, can be found in the plan and operation report for HHANES (Ref. No. 1). Detailed information on interviewing procedures is contained in the household interviewer's manual (Ref. No. 12), the mobile examination center interviewer's manual (Ref. No. 13). These manuals are available upon request from: Division of Health Examination Statistics National Center for Health Statistics Center Building, Room 2-58 3700 East-West Highway Hyattsville, MD 20782 301-436-7080 Information about the content of the questions and their use in other NIAAA studies is available from: Division of Biometry and Epidemiology National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 14C-26 Rockville, MD 20857 301-443-3306 Sample Weights Because the HHANES sample is not a simple random one, it is necessary to incorporate sample weights for proper analysis of the data. These sample weights are a composite of individual selection probabilities, adjustments for noncoverage and nonresponse, and poststratification adjustments. The HHANES sample weights, which are necessary for the calculation of point estimates, are located on all data tapes in positions 184-213. Because of the complex sample design and the ratio adjustments used to produce the sample weights, commonly used methods of point and variance estimation and hypothesis testing which assume simple random sampling may give misleading results. In order to provide users with the capability of estimating the complex sample variances in the HHANES data, Strata and Pseudo Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) codes have been provided on all data tapes in positions 214-217. These codes and the sample weights are necessary for the calculation of variances. Variance Estimation There are computer programs available designed for variance estimation for complex sample designs. The balanced repeated replication approach (Ref. No. 2) is used in &REPERR and a linearization approach is used in &PSALMS to calculate variance-covariance matrixes. Both routines are available within the OSIRIS IV library (Ref. No. 3). SURREGR (Ref. No. 4) and SUPERCARP (Ref. No. 5) are programs that calculate variance-covariance matrixes using a linearization approach (Ref. No. 6) (Taylor series expansion). Another program, SESUDAAN (Ref. No. 7) calculates standard errors, variances, and design effects. (Note: This version of SESUDAAN should not be used to obtain variances for totals.) SURREGR and SESUDAAN are special procedures which run data under the SAS system (Ref. No. 8). Even though the total number of examined persons in this survey is quite large, subclass analyses can lead to estimates that are unstable, particularly estimates of variances. Consequently, analysis of subclasses require that the user pay particular attention to the number of sample persons in the subclass and the number of PSU's that contain at least one sample person in the subclass. Small sample sizes, or a small number of PSU's used in the variance calculations, may produce unstable estimates of the variances. A more complete discussion of these issues and possible analytic strategies for examining various hypotheses is presented in Chapter 11 of "Plan and Operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84" (Ref. No. 1) and in an earlier NCHS methodology (Series 2) publication (Ref. No. 9). Some users, however, may not have access to the computer programs for estimating complex sample variances or may want to do their preliminary analyses without using them. In addition, variance estimates calculated from HHANES data through use of the programs described previously are likely to be unstable because there were so few sample areas for each portion of HHANES. This instability is not due to there being too few people in the sample but may be due to the fact that the sample was selected from relatively few areas. Therefore, the following discussion is designed to provide an alternative approach to deal with the unavailability of software and the small number of PSU's. The approach is based on using average design effects (Ref. No. 10). The design effect, defined as the ratio of the variance of a statistic from a complex sample to the variance of the same statistic from a simple random sample of the same size, that is, DESIGN EFFECT (DEFF) = COMPLEX SAMPLE VARIANCE SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLE VARIANCE is often used to show the impact of the complex sample design on variances. If the design effect is near 1, the complex sample design has little effect on the variances and the user could consider assuming simple random sampling for the analysis. Some illustrative design effects for HHANES data on this tape are given in the following tables. The design effects in the tables are the average for the age groups usually presented in NCHS Series 11 publications. If the average design effect for a subgroup was less than 1.0 (implying an improvement over simple random sampling), it was coded as 1.0. The following guidelines were used in the calculation of the average design effects: 1. Exclude all persons of non-Hispanic origin, 2. Exclude all estimates for large age ranges, such as all ages combined or 'all adults', and 3. Exclude all estimates where the proportion of the subpopulation with the specific characteristic or condition was zero percent or one hundred percent. Design effects tend to be larger when age groups are combined, just as they are when the sexes are combined, as shown in the tables. The data in the tables give the user an idea of the range in design effects for selected response variables from this data tape. If a response variable is not one shown in the tables take the range into account; it is possible that a user could have one of the higher, rather than one of the lower, design effects. VARIABLES AND THEIR CATEGORIES Sociodemographic Data - Sample Person (Pos. 1-99) Source Source: Family Questionnaire (FQ) Household Screener Questionnaire (HSQ) 1-5 Sequence Number 7462 Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 1-5 Sample person sequence number7462 00001-09894 Mexican Americans 7462 - - 10002-12238 Cuban Americans - 1357 - 13001-16785 Puerto Ricans - - 2834 6-12 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 6-12 Blank 13 Portion of Survey Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 13 Portion of survey 1 Mexican-American (M) 7462 - - 2 Cuban-American (C) - 1357 - 3 Puerto Rican (P) - - 2834 14 Family Questionnaire Missing Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 14 Family Questionnaire missing 1 Yes 21 6 10 See Note 1 2 No 7441 1351 2824 15 Version Number Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 15 Version number 7462 1357 2834 2 16 Examination Status Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 16 Examination status 1 Examined 7462 1357 2834 See Note 2 2 Not examined 0 0 0 17 Language of Interview Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 17 Language of interview (Pos. 1-400) FQ 1 English 4513 244 1229 2 Spanish 2929 1107 1595 Blank 20 6 10 18-19 Date of Interview Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Date of interview HSQ 4 18-19 01-12 Month 7462 1357 2834 20-21 82-84 Year 7462 1357 2834 22-25 Date of Examination Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Date of examination From survey control record 22-23 01-12 Month 7462 1357 2834 24-25 82-84 Year 7462 1357 2834 26-29 Date of Birth Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Date of birth HSQ 2e 26-27 01-12 Month 7462 1357 2834 88 Blank but applicable 0 0 0 28-29 08-84 Year 7462 1357 2834 88 Blank but applicable 0 0 0 30-31 Age at Interview (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 30-31 Age at interview (computed) 01-74 (See next column for units) 7462 1357 2834 32 Age at Interview Units Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 32 Age at interview units HSQ 2f 1 Years 7342 1349 2796 2 Months 120 8 38 33-38 Age at Examination (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Age at examination (computed) Positions 33-38 are all 0 for non- examined persons. 33-34 00-75 Years 7462 1357 2834 35-36 00-11 Months 7462 1357 2834 37-38 00-30 Days 7462 1357 2834 39-43 Family Number Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 39-43 Family number See Note 3 00002-03529 7462 - - 04005-04922 - 1357 - 07001-08584 - - 2834 44-45 Relationship to Head of Family Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 44-45 What is sample person's relationship HSQ 2b to head of family? Sample person is: See Note 4 01 Head of family living alone (1 145 56 113 family with only 1 member) 02 Head of family, with no related 76 23 24 persons in household (2+ persons in household) 03 Head of family, with related 1582 369 678 persons in household 04 Wife of head (husband living at 1299 300 296 home and not in Armed Forces) 05 Wife of head (husband living at 5 0 0 home and is in Armed Forces) 06 Husband of head (wife living at 35 12 37 home and not in Armed Forces) 07 Husband of head (wife living at 0 0 0 home and is in Armed Forces) 08 Child of head or head's spouse 3769 484 1437 09 Grandchild of head or head's 217 32 115 spouse 10 Parent of head or head's spouse 57 35 33 11 Other relative (includes ex- 273 46 101 spouse, daughter-in-law, etc.) 12 Foster child 4 0 0 46 Sex Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 46 Sex FQ B-4 1 Male 3516 636 1237 2 Female 3946 721 1597 47 Observed Race Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 47 Observed race FQ B-5 1 White 7213 1300 2462 See Note 5 2 Black 76 15 152 3 Other 8 3 73 8 Blank but applicable 72 15 59 9 Not observed 72 18 78 Blank 21 6 10 48-49 National Origin or Ancestry Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 48-49 Sample person's national origin or HSQ 2c ancestry. See Note 6 01 Mexican/Mexicano 1641 1 1 02 Mexican-American 5202 0 0 03 Chicano 102 0 0 04 Puerto Rican 7 3 2596 05 Boricuan 0 0 36 06 Cuban 4 1069 20 07 Cuban-American 0 222 0 08 Hispano - specify 150 14 26 09 Other Latin-American or other 37 18 41 Spanish - specify 00 Other - specify 276 30 114 10 Spanish-American 22 0 0 11 Spanish (Spain) 21 0 0 50-52 State or Foreign Country Born Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 50-52 In what state or foreign country FQ B-6 was sample person born? See Note 7 001-118 State/country code 7403 1345 2771 888 Blank but applicable 38 6 53 Blank 21 6 10 53 National Origin Recode Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 53 National origin recode See Note 8 "Hispanic" = Mexican-American in Southwest, Cuban-American in Florida and Puerto Rican in New York City area. 1 "Hispanic" 7197 1291 2645 2 Not "Hispanic" 265 66 189 54-55 Highest Grade/Year of Regular School Attended Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 54-55 What is the highest grade or year of FQ B-7 regular school sample person has ever attended? 00 Never attended or kinder- 1476 116 446 garten only 01-08 Elementary grade 3118 556 1090 09-12 High school grade 2119 400 1011 13-16 College 581 243 225 17 Graduate school 70 30 14 88 Blank but applicable 77 6 38 Blank 21 6 10 56 Finish Highest Grade/Year? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 56 Did sample person finish that FQ B-8 grade/year? 1 Yes 3938 853 1436 2 No 1934 368 861 8 Blank but applicable 93 14 81 Blank 1497 122 456 57 Married, Widowed, Divorced, Separated, or Never Married? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 57 Is sample person now married, FQ B-9 widowed, divorced, separated, or has he or she never been married? 0 Under 14 years of age 2953 297 1000 1 Married - spouse in household 2600 632 660 2 Married - spouse not in household 70 17 54 3 Widowed 161 50 66 4 Divorced 214 92 155 5 Separated 159 21 149 6 Never married 1265 241 730 8 Blank but applicable 19 1 10 Blank 21 6 10 58 Serve in U.S. Armed Forces? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 58 Did sample person ever serve in the FQ B-11 Armed Forces of the United States? 1 Yes 416 27 145 2 No 3557 952 1409 8 Blank but applicable 7 3 14 Blank 3482 375 1266 59 Past 2 Wks., Work at Job/Business? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 59 During the past 2 weeks, did sample FQ B-12 person work at any time at a job or business, not counting work around the house? 1 Yes 2210 622 613 2 No 1751 349 930 8 Blank but applicable 19 11 25 Blank 3482 375 1266 60 Past 2 Wks., have Job/Business? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 60 Even though sample person did not FQ B-13 work during those 2 weeks, did he or she have a job or business? 1 Yes 46 13 23 2 No 1704 334 902 8 Blank but applicable 20 13 30 Blank 5692 997 1879 61 Looking for Work or on Layoff from Job? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 61 Was sample person looking for work FQ B-14 or on layoff from a job? 1 Yes 217 43 60 2 No 1533 304 865 8 Blank but applicable 20 13 30 Blank 5692 997 1879 62 Which, Looking for Work or on Layoff from Job or Both? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 62 Which, looking for work or on layoff FQ B-15 from a job or both? 1 Looking 146 34 44 2 Layoff 46 6 8 3 Both 23 2 7 8 Blank but applicable 22 14 31 Blank 7225 1301 2744 63-65 Kind of Business/Industry Work for Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 63-65 What kind of business or industry FQ B-19 does sample person work for? See Note 9 010-932 Industry code 2429 665 681 990 Blank but applicable 49 18 37 Blank 4984 674 2116 66-68 Kind of Work Doing Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 66-68 What kind of work was sample FQ B-20 person doing? See Note 9 003-889 Occupation code 2432 666 681 999 Blank but applicable 46 17 37 Blank 4984 674 2116 69 Class of Worker Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 69 Class of worker FQ B-22 1 An employee of a private company, 1912 543 551 business or individual for wages, salary, or commission 2 A Federal government employee 74 6 21 3 A State government employee 124 19 17 4 A Local government employee 169 17 56 5 Self-employed in own incorporated 17 12 7 business or professional practice 6 Self-employed in own unincorpora- 131 67 27 ted business, professional practice, or farm 7 Working without pay in family 3 0 0 business or farm 8 Blank but applicable 46 18 38 0 Never worked or never worked at a 2 1 1 full-time civilian job lasting 2 weeks or more Blank 4984 674 2116 70 Covered by Medicare? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 70 Is sample person now covered by FQ C-2 Medicare? 1 Covered 303 107 139 2 Not covered 7129 1237 2674 8 Blank but applicable 6 6 11 9 Don't know 3 1 0 Blank 21 6 10 71 Covered by Part of Soc. Sec. Medicare Paying for Hosp. Bills? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 71 Is sample person now covered by the FQ C-3 part of Social Security Medicare which pays for hospital bills? 1 Yes 270 100 124 2 No 18 4 5 8 Blank but applicable 15 6 20 9 Don't know 6 3 1 Blank 7153 1244 2684 72 Covered by Part of Medicare Paying for Doctor's Bills? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 72 Is sample person now covered by that FQ C-4 part of Medicare which pays for doctor's bills? This is the Medi- care plan for which he or she or some agency must pay a certain amount each month. 1 Yes 269 100 111 2 No 17 5 17 8 Blank but applicable 15 6 20 9 Don't know 8 2 2 Blank 7153 1244 2684 73 Type of Medicare Coverage Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 73 Type of Medicare coverage FQ C-5 As shown on Medicare card 1 Hospital 0 0 0 2 Medical 2 0 0 3 Card not available 3 0 2 4 Hospital and medical 5 3 0 8 Blank but applicable 15 6 20 Blank 7437 1348 2812 74 Covered by Health Ins. Plan Paying Hosp./Doc./Surgeon's Bill? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes HEALTH INSURANCE See Note 10 74 Is sample person covered by any FQ C-11 health insurance plan which pays any part of a hospital, doctor's, or surgeon's bill? 1 Yes 4094 818 1011 2 No 3326 526 1796 8 Blank but applicable 13 7 16 9 Don't know 8 0 1 Blank 21 6 10 75 Covered by Plan Paying Part of Hospital Expenses? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 75 Is sample person covered by a plan FQ C-9 that pays any part of hospital expenses? 1 Yes 4039 806 955 2 No 6 7 9 8 Blank but applicable 54 12 55 9 Don't know 8 0 8 Blank 3355 532 1807 76 Covered by Plan Paying Part of Doctor's Bills for Operation? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 76 Is sample person covered by a plan FQ C-10 that pays any part of a doctor's or surgeon's bills for operations? 1 Yes 4034 804 945 2 No 22 11 28 8 Blank but applicable 36 10 35 9 Don't know 15 0 19 Blank 3355 532 1807 77-78 Main Reason Don't Carry Health Insurance Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Many people do not carry health FQ C-13/15 insurance for various reasons. Which of these statements describes why sample person is not covered by any health insurance (or Medicare)? (Positions 77-80) 77-78 Main Reason 01 Care received through Medicaid 267 31 854 or Welfare 02 Unemployed, or reasons related 350 40 114 to unemployment 03 Can't obtain insurance because 24 2 15 of poor health, illness or age 04 Too expensive, can't afford 1767 280 506 health insurance 05 Dissatisfied with previous 50 3 3 isurance 06 Don't believe in insurance 31 4 8 07 Have been healthy, not much sick- 206 23 31 ness in the family, haven't needed health insurance 08 Military dependent, (CHAMPUS), 45 1 15 Veteran's benefits 09 Some other reason - not specified 2 0 7 10 Some other reason - specified 255 35 58 88 Blank but applicable 118 34 77 Blank 4347 904 1146 79-80 Second Reason Don't Carry Health Insurance Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Many people do not carry health FQ C-13/15 insurance for various reasons. Which of these statements describes why sample person is not covered by any health insurance (or Medicare)? (Positions 77-80) 79-80 Second Reason 00 No second reason reported 2573 339 1374 01 Care received through Medicaid 70 17 58 or Welfare 02 Unemployed or reasons related to 109 30 30 unemployment 03 Can't obtain insurance because of 4 2 3 poor health, illness or age 04 Too expensive, can't afford 168 20 132 health insurance 05 Dissatisfied with previous 15 1 2 insurance 06 Don't believe in insurance 18 3 3 07 Have been health, not much sick- 47 4 8 ness in the family, haven't needed health insurance 08 Military dependent, (CHAMPUS), 0 0 2 Veteran's benefits 09 Some other reason - not specified 0 0 0 10 Some other reason - specified 25 8 7 88 Blank but applicable 86 29 69 Blank 4347 904 1146 81-87 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 81-87 Blank 88 Last 12 Mo., Received Health Care Paid by Medicaid? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 88 During the last 12 months, has sample FQ D-6 person received health care which has been or will be paid for by Medicaid? 1 Yes 537 101 1076 2 No 6859 1242 1708 8 Blank but applicable 45 7 40 9 Don't know 0 1 0 Blank 21 6 10 89 Have Medicaid Card? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 89 Does sample person have a Medicaid FQ D-8 card? 1 Yes 530 104 1144 2 No 6872 1232 1647 8 Blank but applicable 39 15 33 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 90 Status of Medicaid Card Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 90 Status of sample person's Medicaid FQ D-9 card? 1 Medicaid card seen - current 382 84 832 2 Medicaid card seen - expired 7 0 12 3 No card seen 128 17 274 4 Other card seen 0 0 0 5 Other card seen (specify) 5 0 2 8 Blank but applicable 47 18 57 Blank 6893 1238 1657 91 Covered by Public Assistance Prog. Paying for Health Care? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 91 Is sample person now covered by any FQ D-11 other public assistance program that pays for health care? 1 Yes 54 2 28 2 No 7376 1348 2780 8 Blank but applicable 11 1 15 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 92 Armed Forces Retirement Pay or Pension from Veteran's Admin.? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 92 Does sample person now receive FQ D-13 military retirement payments from any branch of the Armed Forced or a pension from the Veteran's Admini- stration? Do not include VA disa- bility compensation. 1 Yes 56 4 9 2 No 7373 1346 2806 8 Blank but applicable 12 1 9 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 93 Which, Armed Forces Retirement, VA Pension, or Both? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 93 Which does sample person receive: FQ D-14 the Armed Forces retirement; the VA pension; or both? 1 Armed Forces 16 0 2 2 Veteran's Administration 30 0 5 3 Both 4 4 1 8 Blank but applicable 18 1 10 Blank 7394 1352 2816 94 Covered by CHAMP-VA? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 94 Is sample person now covered by FQ D-16 CHAMP-VA, which is medical insurance for dependents or survivors of dis- abled veterans? 1 Yes 45 4 10 2 No 7388 1346 2806 8 Blank but applicable 8 1 6 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 95 Prov. Health Care for Dependents/Survivors of Military Person Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 95 Is sample person now covered by any FQ D-18 other program that provides health care for military dependents or sur- vivors of military persons? 1 Yes 41 4 8 2 No 7387 1346 2804 8 Blank but applicable 13 1 12 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 96 Included in AFDC, "Aid to Families With Dependent Children"? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 96 Is sample person included in the FQ D-2 AFDC, "Aid to Families With Dependent Children", assistance payment? 1 Yes 394 39 650 2 No 7020 1304 2134 8 Blank but applicable 27 6 39 9 Don't know 0 2 1 Blank 21 6 10 97 Rec. "Supplemental Sec. Income" ("SSI") Gold-Colored Check? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 97 Does sample person now receive the FQ D-4 "Supplemental Security Income" or "SSI" gold-colored check? 1 Yes 131 44 135 2 No 7285 1295 2659 8 Blank but applicable 25 12 30 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 98 Disability Related to Service in U.S. Armed Forces? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 98 Does sample person have a disability FQ D-20 related to his or her service in the Armed Forces of the United States? 1 Yes 48 2 14 2 No 346 20 108 8 Blank but applicable 29 8 37 Blank 7039 1327 2675 99 Compensation for Disability from Veteran's Admin.? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 99 Does sample person now receive com- FQ D-21 pensation for this disability from the Veteran's Administration? 1 Yes 31 1 9 2 No 17 1 4 8 Blank but applicable 29 8 38 Blank 7385 1347 2783 Sociodemographic Data - Head of Family (Pos 100-131) Source Source: Family Questionnaire (FQ) Household Screener Questionnaire (HSQ) 100 Interview and Examination Status Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 100 Interview and examination status of See Note 4 head of family 1 Selected as sample person, 5523 1076 2098 interviewed on Adult Sample Person Questionnaire, and examined 2 Selected as sample person, 338 62 79 interviewed on Adult Sample Person Questionnaire, but not examined 3 Selected as sample person, not 218 34 23 interviewed, and not examined 4 Not selected as sample person 1362 179 624 Blank 21 6 10 101 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 101 Blank 102-105 Date of Birth Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Date of birth HSQ 2e 102-103 01-12 Month 7413 1348 2830 88 Blank but applicable 49 9 4 104-105 08-86, 89-88 Year 7440 1353 2832 88 Blank but applicable 22 4 2 106-107 Age at Interview Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 106-107 Age at interview 17-95 Years 7462 1357 2834 108 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 108 Blank 109 Sex Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 109 Sex FQ B-4 1 Male 5982 1069 1331 2 Female 1460 282 1493 Blank 20 6 10 110 Observed Race Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 110 Observed race FQ B-5 1 White 7138 1282 2511 See Note 5 2 Black 75 27 165 3 Other 6 3 58 8 Blank but applicable 106 31 59 9 Not observed 117 8 31 Blank 20 6 10 111-112 National Origin or Ancestry Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 111-112 Head of family's national origin HSQ 2c or ancestry. See Note 6 01 Mexican/Mexicano 2068 0 3 02 Mexican-American 4523 0 0 03 Chicano 97 0 0 04 Puerto Rican 19 7 2503 05 Boricuan 0 0 29 06 Cuban 6 1197 46 07 Cuban-American 0 85 2 08 Hispano - specify 147 20 37 09 Other Latin-American or other 54 17 39 Spanish - specify 00 Other - specify 513 31 175 10 Spanish-American 17 0 0 11 Spanish (Spain) 18 0 0 113-115 State or Foreign Country Born Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 113-115 In what state or foreign country FQ B-6 was head of family born? See Note 7 001-118 State/country code 7362 1331 2762 888 Blank but applicable 80 20 62 Blank 20 6 10 116-117 Highest Grade/Year of Regular School Attended Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 116-117 What is the highest grade or year FQ B-7 of regular school head of family has ever attended? 00 Never attended or kinder- 250 7 35 garten only 01-08 Elementary grade 2959 511 889 09-12 High school grade 2896 411 1445 13-16 College 1002 336 363 17 Graduate school 170 57 41 88 Blank but applicable 165 29 51 Blank 20 6 10 118 Finish Highest Grade/Year? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 118 Did head of family finish that FQ B-8 grade/year? 1 Yes 5710 1171 2210 2 No 1316 137 492 8 Blank but applicable 166 36 87 Blank 270 13 45 119 Married, Widowed, Divorced, Separated, or Never Married? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 119 Is head of family now married, FQ B-9 widowed, divorced, separated, or has he or she never been married? 0 Under 14 0 0 0 1 Married - spouse in household 5706 1059 1295 2 Married - spouse not in household 129 9 129 3 Widowed 333 48 133 4 Divorced 492 136 376 5 Separated 388 28 452 6 Never married 320 56 418 8 Blank but applicable 74 15 21 Blank 20 6 10 120 Serve in U.S. Armed Forces? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 120 Did head of family ever serve in FQ B-11 the Armed Forces of the United States? 1 Yes 1478 64 383 2 No 5883 1265 2400 8 Blank but applicable 81 22 41 Blank 20 6 10 121 Past 2 Wks., Work at Job/Business? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 121 During the past 2 weeks, did head FQ B-12 of family work at any time at a job or business, not counting work around the house? 1 Yes 5443 1019 1283 2 No 1923 305 1504 8 Blank but applicable 76 27 37 Blank 20 6 10 122 Past 2 Weeks, have Job or Business? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 122 Even though head of family did not FQ B-13 work during those 2 weeks, did he or she have a job or business? 1 Yes 101 19 28 2 No 1822 286 1476 8 Blank but applicable 76 27 37 Blank 5463 1025 1293 123 Looking for Work or on Layoff from Job? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 123 Was head of family looking for work FQ B-14 or on layoff from a job? 1 Yes 510 61 118 2 No 1413 244 1384 8 Blank but applicable 76 27 39 Blank 5463 1025 1293 124 Which, Looking for Work or on Layoff from Job or Both? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 124 Which, looking for work or on FQ B-15 layoff from a job or both? 1 Looking 270 43 69 2 Layoff 151 12 26 3 Both 85 3 17 8 Blank but applicable 80 30 45 Blank 6876 1269 2677 125-127 Kind of Business/Industry Work for Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 125-127 What kind of business or industry FQ B-19 does head of family work for? See Note 9 010-932 Industry code 5980 1080 1395 990 Blank but applicable 118 28 62 Blank 1364 249 1377 128-130 Kind of Work Doing Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 128-130 What kind of work was head of FQ B-20 family doing? See Note 9 003-889 Occupation code 5988 1080 1391 999 Blank but applicable 110 28 66 Blank 1364 249 1377 131 Class of Worker Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 131 Class of worker FQ B-22 1 Employee of a private company, 4702 842 1058 business or individual for wages, salary, or commission 2 A Federal government employee 219 4 45 3 A State government employee 246 12 54 4 A Local government employee 359 22 169 5 Self-employed in own incorpora- 49 25 14 ted business or professional practice 6 Self-employed in own unincor- 420 171 56 porated business, profes- sional practice, or farm 7 Working without pay in family 0 0 0 business or farm 8 Blank but applicable 99 32 60 0 Never worked or never worked at 4 0 1 a full-ime civilian job lasting 2 weeks or more Blank 1364 249 1377 Family Composition and Income Data (Pos. 132-162) Source Source: Family Questionnaire (FQ) 132-133 Number of Persons in Family Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 132-133 Number of persons in family (computed) 01-18 Persons 7462 1357 2834 134-135 Number of Sample Persons in Family Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 134-135 Number of sample persons in family (computed) 01-13 Persons 7462 1357 2834 136 Total Combined Family Income Past 12 Mo. < > $20,000? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 136 Was the total combined family FQ E-10 income during the past 12 months more or less than $20,000? Include money from jobs, Social Security, retirement income, unemployment pay- ments, public assistance, and so forth. Also include income net from interest, dividends, income from business, farm or rent, and any other money income received. 1 $20,000 or more 2353 536 578 2 Less than $20,000 4856 795 2193 7 Refused information 31 1 7 8 Blank but applicable 202 19 46 Blank 20 6 10 137-138 Group Representing Total Combined Family Income Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 137-138 Of those income groups, which best FQ E-11 represents the total combined family income during the past 12 months? Include wages, salaries, and other items we just talked about. (in dollars) 01 Less than 1,000 40 8 7 02 1,000 - 1,999 107 10 33 03 2,000 - 2,999 143 25 68 04 3,000 - 3,999 182 28 132 05 4,000 - 4,999 184 34 250 06 5,000 - 5,999 234 45 202 07 6,000 - 6,999 312 35 213 08 7,000 - 7,999 314 46 169 09 8,000 - 8,999 284 42 106 10 9,000 - 9,999 263 52 125 11 10,000 - 10,999 282 72 139 12 11,000 - 11,999 250 47 75 13 12,000 - 12,999 296 54 100 14 13,000 - 13,999 186 32 64 15 14,000 - 14,999 254 25 66 16 15,000 - 15,999 208 36 77 17 16,000 - 16,999 209 34 51 18 17,000 - 17,999 231 37 66 19 18,000 - 18,999 333 28 82 20 19,000 - 19,999 240 55 79 21 20,000 - 24,999 694 148 152 22 25,000 - 29,999 585 83 124 23 30,000 - 34,999 358 78 92 24 35,000 - 39,999 257 64 43 25 40,000 - 44,999 192 48 36 26 45,000 - 49,999 84 43 30 27 50,000 and over 107 55 54 77 Refused information 76 10 43 88 Blank but applicable 537 77 146 Blank 20 6 10 139-143 Per Capita Income (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 139-143 Per capita income (computed) See Note 11 00083-50000 Dollars 6829 1264 2636 88888 Blank but applicable 613 87 189 Blank 20 6 9 144-146 Poverty Index (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 144-146 Poverty index (computed) See Note 12 Decimal not shown on tape 0.04-9.78 6829 1264 2636 999 Blank but applicable 613 87 189 Blank 20 6 9 147 Member of Family Receive Government Food Stamps? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 147 Did any member of this family FQ E-12 receive any Government food stamps in any of the past 12 months? 1 Yes 1651 234 1344 2 No 5783 1115 1474 8 Blank but applicable 8 2 6 Blank 20 6 10 148-149 Number of Months Member Received Food Stamps Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 148-149 In how many months of the past 12 FQ E-13 months did any member of this family receive food stamps? 01-12 Months 1631 234 1335 88 Blank but applicable 28 2 15 Blank 5803 1121 1484 150 Family Receive Government Food Stamps Last Month? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 150 Did this family receive any FQ E-14 government food stamps last month? 1 Yes 1345 187 1290 2 No 303 47 50 8 Blank but applicable 11 2 10 Blank 5803 1121 1484 151-152 When did Member of Family Last Receive Food Stamps? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 151-152 In which month did any member of FQ E-15 this family last receive food stamps? 01-12 Months 298 47 50 88 Blank but applicable 16 2 10 Blank 7148 1308 2774 153-154 Number of Persons for which Food Stamps Authorized Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 153-154 For how many persons were those FQ E-16 food stamps authorized? 01-13 Persons 1641 234 1337 88 Blank but applicable 18 2 13 Blank 5803 1121 1484 155-157 Face Value of Food Stamps Received by Family That Month Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 155-157 What was the total face value of FQ E-17 those food stamps received by this family in that month? 010-520 Dollars 1567 230 1325 888 Blank but applicable 92 6 25 Blank 5803 1121 1484 158 Family Spend More for Food than Value of Food Stamps? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 158 Did this family spend more for food FQ E-18 in that month than the value of your food stamps? 1 Yes 1405 194 1279 2 No 231 40 64 8 Blank but applicable 23 2 7 Blank 5803 1121 1484 159-161 How Much More? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 159-161 How much more? FQ E-19 003-880 Dollars 1314 182 1258 888 Blank but applicable 114 14 28 Blank 6034 1161 1548 162 Family Receiving Food Stamps at Present Time? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 162 Is your family receiving food FQ E-20 stamps at the present time? 1 Yes 1273 175 1269 2 No 6153 1171 1542 8 Blank but applicable 16 5 13 Blank 20 6 10 Residence and Household Data (Pos 163-183) Source Source: Family Questionnaire (FQ) Household Screener Questionnaire (HSQ) 163 Size of Place Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 163 Size of place See Note 13 1 1 million or more 1049 0 2070 2 500,000 - 999,999 844 0 0 3 250,000 - 499,999 884 467 0 4 100,000 - 249,999 203 364 368 5 50,000 - 99,999 1277 70 76 6 25,000 - 49,999 785 205 216 7 10,000 - 24,999 746 120 79 8 200 - 9,999 1003 88 24 9 Not in a place 671 43 1 164 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 164 Standard Metropolitan Statistical See Note 13 Area 1 In SMSA, in central city 3707 467 2465 2 In SMSA, not in central city 2854 890 369 4 Not in SMSA 901 0 0 165-166 Number of Persons in Household Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 165-166 Number of persons in household HSQ 1a 01-18 Persons 7462 1357 2834 167-168 Number of Sample Persons in Household Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 167-168 Number of sample persons in household (computed) 01-13 Persons 7462 1357 2834 169-170 Number of Rooms in Home Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 169-170 How many rooms are in this home? FQ E-1 Count the kitchen, but not the bathroom. 01-14 Rooms 7433 1350 2816 88 Blank but applicable 9 1 8 Blank 20 6 10 171 Access to Complete Kitchen Facilities in Home? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 171 Do you have access to complete FQ E-2 kitchen facilities in this home; that is, a kitchen sink with piped water, a refrigerator and a range or cookstove? 1 Yes 7136 1315 2548 2 No 83 10 18 8 Blank but applicable 223 26 258 Blank 20 6 10 172-173 Main Fuel Used for Heating Home Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 172-173 What is the main fuel used for FQ E-3 heating this home? See Note 14 00 No fuel used 538 231 16 01 Oil 4 0 1988 02 Natural gas 5955 78 718 03 Electricity 604 1027 37 04 Bottled gas (propane) 174 2 0 05 Kerosene 13 3 0 06 Wood 98 3 0 07 Coal 0 0 14 08 Other, not specified 0 0 2 09 Other, specified 11 0 8 88 Blank but applicable 45 7 41 Blank 20 6 10 174-175 Main Heating Equipment for Home Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 174-175 What is the main heating equipment FQ E-4 for this home? See Note 14 00 No heating equipment used 538 231 20 01 Steam or hot water with 44 5 1450 radiators or convectors 02 Central warm air furnace with 2677 542 180 ducts to individual rooms, or central heat pump 03 Built-in electric units (per- 474 323 63 manently installed in wall, ceiling or baseboard) 04 Floor, wall or pipeless furnace 1598 46 21 05 Room heaters with flue or vent, 805 17 596 burning oil, gas, or kerosene 06 Room heaters without flue or 847 6 425 vent, burning oil, gas, or kerosene 07 Heating stove burning wood, 88 0 9 coal or coke 08 Fireplace(s) 91 4 0 09 Portable electric heater(s) 139 137 4 10 Other, not specified 0 0 0 11 Other, specified 114 35 16 88 Blank but applicable 1 5 23 99 Don't know 26 0 17 Blank 20 6 10 176-177 Other Types of Equipment Used for Heating Home? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 176-177 Are any other types of equipment FQ E-5 used for heating this home? See Note 14 00 No other heating equipment used 6057 1073 2350 01 Steam or hot water with 0 0 13 radiators or convectors 02 Central warm air furnace with 11 15 7 ducts to individual rooms, or central heat pump 03 Built-in electric units (per- 24 0 2 manently installed in wall, ceiling or baseboard) 04 Floor, wall or pipeless furnace 11 0 0 05 Room heaters with flue or vent, 22 0 3 burning oil, gas, or kerosene 06 Room heaters without flue or 22 1 29 vent, burning oil, gas, or kerosene 07 Heating stove burning wood, 70 0 8 coal or coke 08 Fireplace(s) 449 8 9 09 Portable electric heater(s) 186 18 351 10 Other, not specified 4 2 3 11 Other, specified 18 2 4 88 Blank but applicable 30 1 25 Blank 558 237 30 178-179 Main Fuel Used by this Additional Equipment Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 178-179 What is the main fuel used by this FQ E-6 additional equipment? See Note 14 00 No fuel used 2 0 2 01 Oil 0 0 20 02 Natural gas 96 2 27 03 Electricity 214 35 345 04 Bottled gas (propane) 9 0 1 05 Kerosene 2 0 25 06 Wood 471 8 11 07 Coal 2 0 0 08 Other, not specified 0 0 0 09 Other, specified 7 0 0 88 Blank but applicable 44 2 3 Blank 6615 1310 2380 180-181 Main Fuel Used for Cooking in Home Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 180-181 What is the main fuel used for FQ E-7 cooking in this home? 00 No fuel used 21 4 4 01 Oil 14 0 31 02 Natural gas 5899 253 2603 03 Electricity 1295 1083 148 04 Bottled gas (propane) 182 8 12 05 Kerosene 0 0 3 06 Wood 0 0 0 07 Coal 0 0 0 08 Other, not specified 0 0 0 09 Other, specified 14 1 0 88 Blank but applicable 17 2 23 Blank 20 6 10 182 Do You have Air-Conditioning? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 182 Do you have air-conditioning - FQ E-8 either individual room units, a central system or evaporative cooling? 1 Yes 3583 1254 653 2 No 3845 96 2153 8 Blank but applicable 14 1 18 Blank 20 6 10 183 Which Type of Air Conditioning do You have? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 183 Which do you have? FQ E-9 1 Individual room unit 1625 583 613 2 Central air-conditioning 1233 660 22 3 Evaporative cooling 719 6 10 8 Blank but applicable 20 6 26 Blank 3865 102 2163 Sample Weights (Pos. 184-217) 184-189 Examined Final Weight Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 184-189 Examined final weight 000439-002711 7462 - - 000223-000891 - 1357 - 000177-002000 - - 2834 190-195 Interview Final Weight Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 190-195 Interview final weight 000447-002096 7462 - - 000176-000604 - 1357 - 000175-001220 - - 2834 196-213 GTT/Ultrasound, Audiometry/Vision, Pesticide Weights Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes GTT/ULTRASOUND, AUDIOMETRY/VISION, PESTICIDE WEIGHTS By design, only some of the persons in the sample were included in the GTT/ultrasound, audiometry/vision, and pesticide components of the survey. Tape positions for those persons not part of these subsamples are BLANK. 196-201 GTT/ultrasound weight 000843-005302 1777 - - 000469-001685 - 449 - 000349-003110 5685 908 2167 Blank - - 667 202-207 Audiometry/vision weight 000507-006283 4431 - - 000223-001600 - 804 - 000264-003123 - - 1759 Blank 3031 553 1075 208-213 Pesticide weight 000872-005584 2465 - - 000441-001600 - 568 - 000343-003117 - - 1012 Blank 4997 789 1822 214-215 Strata Code Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 214-215 Strata code 01-08 7462 1357 2834 216-217 Pseudo PSU Code Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 216-217 Pseudo PSU code 01-02 7462 1357 2834 Family Relationships (Pos. 218-400) Source Source: Adult Sample Person Questionnaire Family Questionnaire 218-400 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 218-400 Blank Data not yet available Alcohol Consumption Data (Pos. 401-551) Source Source: Adult Sample Person Supplement (ASPS) (Ages 12-74 Years) Attention Notice Attention: To understand better the pattern of the following interview questions, please read the Appendix. It is a direct excerpt from the Interviewer's Manual. 401-404 Tape Number 6533 Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 401-404 Tape number 6533 7462 1357 2834 405 Alcohol Consumption Subset Identifier Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 405 Alcohol consumption Subset Identifier See Note 15 1 Alcohol data obtained 4895 1115 1975 2 No alcohol data obtained 17 5 14 Blank Ages 6 months-11 years 2550 237 845 406-408 Interviewer Number Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 406-408 Interviewer number 241-890 Number 4833 1114 1973 888 Blank but applicable 2 1 2 Blank 2657 242 859 409 Language of Interview Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 409 Language of interview (Pos. 411-551) Adult Sample Person Supplement 1 English 3064 180 962 2 Spanish 1831 935 1013 8 Blank but applicable 0 0 0 Blank 2567 242 895 410 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 410 Blank 411 In Entire Life, had 12 Drinks of any Alcoholic Beverage? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 411 In your entire life, have you had ASPS D-2 at least 12 drinks of any kind of alcoholic beverage? 1 Yes 3177 699 1253 2 No 1715 416 721 8 Blank but applicable 2 0 1 9 Don't know 1 0 0 Blank 2567 242 895 412 In one Yr., had at Least 12 Drinks of Alcoholic Beverage? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 412 In any one year, have you had at ASPS D-3 least 12 drinks of alcoholic beverage? 1 Yes 2446 431 833 2 No 731 268 420 8 Blank but applicable 3 0 1 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 4282 658 1580 413-414 Main Reason for Not Drinking Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 413-414 What is your main reason for ASPS D-4 not drinking? See Note 16 01 No need/not necessary 177 48 83 02 Don't care for/dislike it 1433 403 647 03 Medical/health reasons 108 23 89 04 Religious/moral reasons 77 16 55 05 Brought up not to drink 66 7 20 06 Costs too much 5 0 0 07 Family member alcoholic 26 4 9 08 Infrequent drinker 252 154 201 09 Parents forbid/too young 110 13 25 10 Avoid consequences 125 13 9 11 Other 46 2 3 88 Blank but applicable 4 0 1 99 Don't know 16 1 0 Blank 5013 673 1692 415-416 Age when First Started Drinking Alcoholic Beverages Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 415-416 Not counting small tastes, how old ASPS D-5 were you when you started drinking See Note 17 alcoholic beverages? 04-62 Years 2432 424 832 88 Blank but applicable 2 2 0 99 Don't know 12 5 1 Blank 5016 926 2001 Attention Notice for Positions 417-508 (Following Questions) DATA IN POSITIONS 417-508 RELATE TO CONSUMPTION DURING A FOUR-WEEK REFERENCE PERIOD. SEE NOTE 18. 417 Have Drink During Reference Period? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 417 Did you have a drink during the ASPS D-6 reference period? 1 Yes (current drinker) 1964 371 614 2 No 481 60 218 8 Blank but applicable 1 0 1 Blank 5016 926 2001 418-423 When was Your Last Drink? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Attention: Question D-7 (Positions 418-424) was asked only of persons who responded (to Question D-6, Position 417) that they had not had a drink during the reference period. When was your last drink? ASPS D-7 (Positions 418-423) 418-419 Month 01-12 365 43 171 88 Blank but applicable 5 1 2 99 Don't know 112 16 46 Blank 6980 1297 2615 420-421 Day 01-31 210 30 120 88 Blank but applicable 5 1 29 99 Don't know 267 29 70 Blank 6980 1297 2615 422-423 Year 47-84 477 57 217 88 Blank but applicable 4 1 1 99 Don't know 1 2 1 Blank 6980 1297 2615 424 Last Drink in Relation to Reference Period Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Attention: Question D-7 (Positions 418-424) was asked only of persons who responded (to Question D-6, Position 417) that they had not had a drink during the reference period. 424 Last drink in relation to ASPS D-7 reference period. 1 Before 4-week reference period272 40 115 but less than 1 year from end of reference period (occasional drinker) 2 One or more years ago from 210 20 104 end of reference period (former drinker) Blank 6980 1297 2615 Attention Notice for Questions D-8 Through D-31 (Pos. 425-474) Attention: Questions D-8 through D-31 (Positions 425-474) were asked only of persons who responded (to Question D-6, Position 417) that they had had a drink during the reference period (current drinker). 425-430 During Reference Period, when did You have Last Drink? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the reference period, ASPS D-8 when did you last have a drink? 425-426 Month 01-12 1953 363 614 88 Blank but applicable 3 2 0 99 Don't know 8 6 0 Blank 5498 986 2220 427-428 Day 01-31 1936 355 614 88 Blank but applicable 3 2 0 99 Don't know 25 14 0 Blank 5498 986 2220 429-430 Year 82-84 1960 368 614 88 Blank but applicable 2 2 0 99 Don't know 2 1 0 Blank 5498 986 2220 431-432 During Reference Period, Number of Days Drank Beer? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 431-432 During the reference period, ASPS D-9 on how many days did you drink any beer? 00-28 Days 1953 368 614 88 Blank but applicable 2 0 0 99 Don't know 9 3 0 Blank 5498 986 2220 433-434 During Reference Period, Number of Beers Drank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 433-434 During the reference period, ASPS D-10 on the day(s) when you drank See Note 17 beer, about how many beers did you drink (a day)? 01-62 Beers 1577 228 468 88 Blank but applicable 3 0 0 99 Don't know 20 3 0 Blank 5862 1126 2366 435-437 During 4 Weeks, Total Number of Beers Drank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 435-437 During those four weeks, what ASPS D-11 was the total number of beers See Note 17 you drank? 001-784 Beers 1564 228 468 888 Blank but applicable 9 0 0 999 Don't know 27 3 0 Blank 5862 1126 2366 438-439 Number of Ounces in Can/Bottle/Glass Drank During Period Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 438-439 How many ounces were in a ASPS D-12 can or bottle or glass that you drank during that period? 01-40 Ounces 1579 228 467 88 Blank but applicable 5 0 1 99 Don't know 16 3 0 Blank 5862 1126 2366 440-441 During Reference Period, Number of Days Drank Wine Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 440-441 During the reference period, on ASPS D-13 how many days did you drink any wine? 00-28 Days 1963 370 614 88 Blank but applicable 1 0 0 99 Don't know 0 1 0 Blank 5498 986 2220 442-443 During Ref. Period, No. Glasses of Wine Drank a Day Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 442-443 During the reference period, on ASPS D-14 the day(s) when you drank wine, See Note 17 about how many glasses of wine, did you drink a day? 01-16 Glasses 466 171 161 88 Blank but applicable 1 0 0 99 Don't know 11 4 0 Blank 6384 1182 2673 444-446 During Ref. Period, Total No. Glasses of Wine Drank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 444-446 During the reference period, what ASPS D-15 was the total number of glasses See Note 17 of wine that you drank? 001-336 Glasses 466 171 161 888 Blank but applicable 2 0 0 999 Don't know 10 4 0 Blank 6984 1182 2673 447-448 Number of Ounces in Typical Glass Drank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 447-448 How many ounces were in a ASPS D-16 typical glass that you drank during the reference period? 01-30 Ounces 458 171 161 88 Blank but applicable 2 0 0 99 Don't know 18 4 0 Blank 6384 1182 2673 449-450 During Reference Per., Number of Days Drank any Liquor Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 449-450 During the reference period, ASPS D-17 on how many days did you drink any liquor, such as whiskey, rum, gin, vodka, or tequila? 00-28 Days 1960 367 614 88 Blank but applicable 2 1 0 99 Don't know 2 3 0 Blank 5498 986 2220 451-452 Number of Liquor Drinks Drank in Reference Period Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 451-452 During the reference period, ASPS D-18 on the day(s) when you drank See Note 17 liquor, such as whiskey, rum, gin vodka, or tequila, about how many drinks did you have a day? 01-40 Drinks 807 211 313 88 Blank but applicable 2 1 0 99 Don't know 20 9 1 Blank 6633 1136 2520 453-455 During 4 Weeks, Total Number of Liquor Drinks Drank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 453-455 During those four weeks, what ASPS D-18 was the total number of drinks See Note 17 of liquor you drank? 001-560 Drinks 805 211 313 888 Blank but applicable 3 1 0 999 Don't know 21 9 1 Blank 6633 1136 2520 456-457 Number of Ounces of Liquor in Glass Drank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 456-457 How many ounces of liquor were ASPS D-20 in a typical glass that you drank See Note 17 during the reference period? 01-48 Ounces 800 216 313 88 Blank but applicable 3 1 0 99 Don't know 26 4 1 Blank 6633 1136 2520 458 Objective Drinker Classification Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 458 Objective drinker classification: See Note 19 Current drinker. (calculated) 1 Abstainer 0 0 2 2 Light 956 200 292 3 Moderate 650 124 191 4 Heavier 318 43 128 Blank 5538 990 2221 459 Questionnaire Direction (Check) Item Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 459 Questionnaire direction (check) item. ASPS D-21 (See Appendix) 1 Only one beverage type 1189 183 337 2 Drank every day 100 32 49 3 Other 673 155 228 8 Blank but applicable 2 0 0 9 Don't know 0 1 0 Blank 5498 986 2220 460-461 During 4 Wks., Number of Days Drank Alcoholic Beverages Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 460-461 During those four weeks, on ASPS D-23 how many days altogether did you drink any kind of alcoholic beverage, that is, beer, or wine, or liquor? 00-28 Days 667 151 228 88 Blank but applicable 2 0 0 99 Don't know 6 5 0 Blank 6787 1201 2606 462 Have More than (Largest No. in D10,D14,D18) Drinks Alcohol? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 462 During those four weeks, did you have ASPS D-24 more than (largest number in D-10, D14, or D-18) drink(s) of any kind of alcoholic beverage on a single day? 1 Yes 562 81 132 2 No 1356 285 462 8 Blank but applicable 6 0 5 9 Don't know 6 1 3 Blank 5532 990 2232 463-464 No. of Days Had > (Largest No. in D10,D14,D18) Drinks? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 463-464 During those four weeks, on ASPS D-25 how many days did you have more than (largest number in D-10, D14, or D18) drink(s) of any kind of alcoholic beverage, that is, beer, wine or liquor? 01-28 Days 549 80 130 88 Blank but applicable 7 0 5 99 Don't know 18 2 5 Blank 6888 1275 2694 465-466 Largest Number of Drinks had on any of Those Days Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 465-466 What was the largest number ASPS D-26 of drinks you had on any of See Note 17 those days? 02-45 Drinks 294 36 84 88 Blank but applicable 8 0 5 99 Don't know 26 1 7 Blank 7134 1320 2738 467-468 Number of Days During 4 Weeks Had (No. in D-26) Drinks Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 467-468 On how many days during those ASPS D-27 four weeks did you have (number in D-26) drinks? 01-28 Days 297 35 87 88 Blank but applicable 9 0 5 99 Don't know 22 2 4 Blank 7134 1320 2738 469-470 Number of Drinks You had on that Day Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 469-470 How many drinks did you have ASPS D-28 on that day? See Note 17 12-50 Drinks 230 45 40 88 Blank but applicable 6 0 1 99 Don't know 10 0 3 Blank 7216 1312 2790 471 Drinking During 4 Wks. Typical of Drinking Over Past 12 Mo.? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 471 Was your drinking during ASPS D-29 those four weeks typical of your drinking over the past 12 months? 1 Yes 1249 262 363 2 No 709 107 251 8 Blank but applicable 2 0 0 9 Don't know 4 2 0 Blank 5498 986 2220 472 Drink More or Less than Usual During those 4 Weeks? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 472 Did you drink more or less than ASPS D-30 usual during those four weeks? 1 More 418 85 135 2 Less 288 20 116 8 Blank but applicable 3 1 0 9 Don't know 6 3 0 Blank 6747 1248 2583 473-474 How Many Years has this been Typical of Your Drinking? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 473-474 For how many years has this been ASPS D-31 typical of your drinking? See Note 17 00 Less than one year 31 7 8 01-57 Years 1196 244 354 88 Blank but applicable 3 3 0 99 Don't know 119 8 1 Blank 6213 1095 2471 Attention Notice for Questions D-32 Through D-50 (Pos. 475-510) Attention: Questions D-32 through D-50 (Positions 475-510) were asked only of persons who responded (to Question D-7, positions 419- 423) that they had not had a drink during the reference period but had had one within the year preceding it (occasional drinkers). 475-476 During Reference Period, Number of Days Drank Beer Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 475-476 During the reference period ASPS D-32 (the four-week period ending the day you had your last drink), on how many days did you drink any beer? 00-28 Days 267 38 114 88 Blank but applicable 3 1 1 99 Don't know 2 1 0 Blank 7190 1317 2719 477-478 During 4 Wk. Period, Number of Beers Drank a Day Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 477-478 During that four-week period, on ASPS D-33 the day(s) when you drank beer, See Note 17 about how many beers did you drink a day? 01-30 Beers 186 20 75 88 Blank but applicable 3 1 1 99 Don't know 3 1 0 Blank 7270 1335 2758 479-481 During 4 Weeks, Total Number of Beers Drank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 479-481 During those four-weeks, what was ASPS D-34 the total number of beers you drank? See Note 17 001-500 Beers 186 20 75 888 Blank but applicable 3 1 1 999 Don't know 3 1 0 Blank 7270 1335 2758 482-483 No. Ounces in Can/Bottle/Glass Beer Drank During Period Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 482-483 About how many ounces were in a typical ASPS D-35 can or bottle or glass of beer that you See Note 17 drank during that period? 02-34 Ounces 186 20 75 88 Blank but applicable 3 1 1 99 Don't know 3 1 0 Blank 7170 1335 2758 484-485 During 4 Weeks, Number of Days Drank Wine Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 484-485 During those 4 weeks, on how many days ASPS D-36 did you drink any wine? 00-06 Days 265 38 114 88 Blank but applicable 3 1 1 99 Don't know 4 1 0 Blank 7190 1317 2719 486-487 During 4 Wk. Period, No. Glasses of Wine Drank a Day Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 486-487 During that 4-week period, on the days ASPS D-37 when you drank wine, about how many See Note 18 glasses of wine did you drink a day? 01-10 Glasses 38 18 28 88 Blank but applicable 3 1 1 99 Don't know 4 1 0 Blank 7417 1337 2805 488-489 During 4 Weeks, Total Number of Glasses of Wine Drank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 488-489 During those 4 weeks, what was the ASPS D-38 total number of glasses of wine that you drank? 01-18 Glasses 38 18 28 888 Blank but applicable 3 1 1 999 Don't know 4 1 0 Blank 7417 1337 2805 490-491 Number of Ounces in Typical Glass Drank During Period Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 490-491 About how many ounces were in a typical ASPS D-39 glass that you drank during that period? 01-08 Ounces 37 18 28 88 Blank but applicable 3 1 1 99 Don't know 5 1 0 Blank 7412 1337 2805 492-493 During 4 Weeks, Number of Days Drank Liquor Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 492-493 During those 4 weeks, on how many days ASPS D-40 did you drink any liquor, such as whiskey, rum, gin, vodka, or tequila? 00-16 Days 268 38 114 88 Blank but applicable 3 1 1 99 Don't know 1 1 0 Blank 7190 1317 2719 494-495 During 4 Week Period, Number of Liquor Drinks Drank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 494-495 During that 4-week period, on the day(s) ASPS D-41 when you drank liquor, such as whiskey, See Note 17 rum, gin, vodka, or tequila, about how many drinks did you have a day? 01-20 Drinks 95 16 39 88 Blank but applicable 4 1 1 99 Don't know 6 1 1 Blank 7357 1339 2793 496-498 During 4 Weeks, Total Number of Drinks Had Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 496-498 During those 4 weeks, what was the ASPS D-42 total number of drinks you had? See Note 17 001-192 Drinks 95 16 39 888 Blank but applicable 4 1 1 999 Don't know 6 1 1 Blank 7357 1339 2793 499-500 No. Ounces of Liquor in Drink You had During Period Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 499-500 About how many ounces of liquor were ASPS D-43 in a typical drink you had during See Note 17 that period? 01-08 Ounces 95 16 39 88 Blank but applicable 4 1 1 99 Don't know 6 1 1 Blank 7357 1339 2793 501 Objective Drinker Classification Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 501 Objective drinker classification: See Note 19 Occasional drinker. (calculated) 1 Abstainer 0 0 0 2 Light 186 34 91 3 Moderate 50 4 16 4 Heavier 20 0 6 Blank 7206 1319 2721 502 Questionnaire Direction (Check) Item Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 502 Questionnaire direction (check)item. ASPS D-44 (See Appendix) 1 Only one beverage type 208 24 86 2 Drank every day 5 1 2 3 Other 56 14 26 8 Blank but applicable 2 0 1 9 Don't know 1 1 0 Blank 7190 1317 2719 503-504 During 4 Wks., No. Days Drank any Alcoholic Beverage Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 503-504 During those 4 weeks, on how many days ASPS D-46 altogether did you drink any kind of alcoholic beverage, that is beer, wine or liquor? 00-16 Days 54 13 26 88 Blank but applicable 3 0 1 99 Don't know 2 2 0 Blank 7403 1342 2807 505 Drinking During 4 Weeks Typical of Drinking Last 12 Mo.? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 505 Was your drinking during these 4 weeks ASPS D-47 typical of your drinking during the 12 months before your last drink? 1 Yes 158 15 55 2 No 111 23 57 8 Blank but applicable 1 0 2 9 Don't know 2 2 1 Blank 7190 1317 2719 506 Drink More or Less than Usual During Those 4 Weeks? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 506 Did you drink more or less than usual ASPD D-48 during those 4 weeks? 1 More 68 19 31 2 Less 42 4 26 8 Blank but applicable 2 0 2 9 Don't know 2 2 1 Blank 7348 1332 2774 507-508 No. Yrs. Drank Same as did in 4 Wks. Before Last Drink Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 507-508 For how many years did you drink the same ASPS D-49 as you did in the 4 weeks before your last drink 00 Less than 1 year 6 0 2 01-40 Years 150 14 52 99 Don't know 2 1 1 Blank 7304 1342 2779 509-510 Main Reason for Not Drinking Since Date of Last Drink Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 509-510 What is your main reason for not drinking ASPS D-50 since the date of your last drink? See Note 16 01 No need/not necessary 40 5 30 02 Don't care for/dislike it 41 3 16 03 Medical/health reasons 54 7 23 04 Religious/moral reasons 11 0 6 05 Alcoholic/problem drinking (self) 7 0 2 06 Costs too much 1 0 0 07 Family member an alcoholic 0 0 0 or problem drinker 08 Infrequent drinker 84 20 33 09 Parents forbid/too young 2 0 1 10 Avoid consequences 14 0 1 11 Other 15 1 2 88 Blank but applicable 2 2 1 99 Don't know 1 2 0 Blank 7190 1317 2719 Attention Notice for Questions D-51 Through D-63 (Pos. 511-534) Attention: Questions D-51 through D-63 (Positions 511-534) were asked of persons who responded (to Questions D-6, Position 417) that they had a drink during the reference period (current drinker), and persons who responded (to Question D-7, Positions 419-423) that they had not had a drink during the reference period but had had one within the year preceding it (occasional drinkers). 511-512 No. Months have at Least One Alcoholic Beverage Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 511-512 Now think back over the 12-month period ASPS D-51 before your last drink. In how many of those months did you have at least one drink of any alcoholic beverage, that is, either beer or wine or liquor? 00-12 Months 2210 405 724 88 Blank but applicable 1 1 1 99 Don't know 25 5 4 Blank 5226 946 2105 513-515 Number of Days had 9 or More Alcoholic Beverages Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 513-515 During those months, on how many days ASPS D-52 did you have 9 or more drinks of any See Note 17 alcoholic beverage? 000-365 Days 2142 393 703 888 Blank but applicable 2 2 1 999 Don't know 92 16 25 Blank 5226 946 2105 516-518 No. Days had at Least 5 Drinks of Alcoholic Beverages Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 516-518 On how many days did you have at least ASPS D-53 5 drinks of any alcoholic beverage? See Note 17 000-365 Days 2117 391 697 888 Blank but applicable 2 2 1 999 Don't know 117 18 31 Blank 5226 946 2105 519 Period when Considered Yourself to be Heavy Drinker? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 519 Was there ever any period in your life ASPS D-54 when you considered yourself to be a heavy drinker? 1 Yes 555 47 167 2 No 1677 361 562 8 Blank but applicable 2 0 0 9 Don't know 2 3 Blank 5226 946 2105 520-521 Number of Years You were a Heavy Drinker Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 520-521 How many years were you a heavy drinker? ASPS D-55 00 Less than 1 year 80 7 14 See Note 17 01-50 Years 468 38 153 88 Blank but applicable 4 0 0 99 Don't know 7 5 0 Blank 6903 1307 2667 522-523 When Heavy Drinker, No. Alcoholic Beverages had in Week Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 522-523 When you were a heavy drinker, how many ASPS D-56 drinks of alcoholic beverages did you See Note 17 have in a typical week? 01-84 Drinks 424 36 125 87 87 or more drinks 49 0 15 88 Blank but applicable 4 0 1 99 Don't know 82 14 26 Blank 5226 1307 2667 524 Period when Considered Yourself to be Moderate Drinker? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 524 Was there ever a period in your life ASPS D-57 when you considered yourself to be a moderate drinker? 1 Yes 1014 116 321 2 No 1211 290 408 8 Blank but applicable 1 0 0 9 Don't know 10 5 0 Blank 6437 946 2105 525-526 Number of Years You were a Moderate Drinker Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 525-526 How many years were you a moderate ASPS D-58 drinker? See Note 17 00 Less than 1 year 30 3 6 01-55 Years 953 105 314 88 Blank but applicable 6 1 0 99 Don't know 36 12 1 Blank 4748 1236 2513 527-528 When Moderate Drinker, No. Alcoholic Beverages had in Wk Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 527-528 When you were a moderate drinker, how many ASPS D-59 drinks of alcoholic beverages did you See Note 17 have in a typical week? 00 Less than 1 drink 17 1 6 01-83 Drinks 920 109 297 87 87 or more drinks 4 0 4 88 Blank but applicable 9 0 1 99 Don't know 75 11 13 Blank 6437 1236 2513 529 Period when Considered Yourself to be Light Drinker? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 529 Was there ever a period in your life when ASPS D-60 you considered yourself to be a light drinker? 1 Yes 1641 285 477 2 No 585 123 251 8 Blank but applicable 1 0 1 9 Don't know 9 3 0 Blank 5226 946 2105 530-531 No. Years You were a Light Drinker Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 530-531 How many years were you a light drinker? ASPS D-61 00 Less than 1 year 64 10 11 See Note 17 01-67 Years 1538 268 464 88 Blank but applicable 12 0 3 99 Don't know 37 10 0 Blank 5811 1069 2356 532-533 When Light Drinker, No. Alcoholic Beverages had in Week Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 532-533 When you were a light drinker, how many ASPS D-62 drinks of alcoholic beverage did you have See Note 17 in a typical week? 00 Less than 1 drink 224 25 39 01-70 Drinks 1361 255 430 87 87 or more drinks 1 0 1 88 Blank but applicable 15 2 2 99 Don't know 50 6 6 Blank 5811 1069 2356 534 Now Consider Yourself Light, Moderate, or Heavy Drinker? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 534 Do you now consider yourself to be a light, ASPS D-63 moderate, or heavy drinker? See Note 20 1 Abstainer 107 18 52 2 Light 1428 281 443 3 Moderate 602 94 203 4 Heavy 60 9 29 5 Very light/infrequent 25 4 0 8 Blank but applicable 4 0 2 9 Don't know 10 5 0 Blank 5226 946 2105 Attention Notice for Questions D-64 Through D-73 (Pos. 535-551) Attention: Questions D-64 through D-73 (Positions 535-551) were asked only of persons who responded (To Question D-7, Positions 419- 423) that they had not had a drink during the reference period nor during the year preceding it (former drinker). 535 Ever Period when Consider Yourself to be Heavy Drinker? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 535 Was there ever a period in your life when ASPS D-64 you considered yourself to be a heavy drinker? 1 Yes 95 5 36 2 No 115 15 68 8 Blank but applicable 0 0 0 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 7252 1337 2730 536-537 Number of Years You were a Heavy Drinker Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 536-537 How many years were you a heavy drinker? ASPS D-65 00 Less than 1 year 5 0 0 See Note 17 01-50 Years 89 3 33 99 Don't know 1 2 0 Blank 7367 1352 2798 538-539 When Heavy Drinker, No. Alcoholic Beverages had in Week Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 538-539 When you were a heavy drinker, how many ASPS D-66 drinks of alcoholic beverages did you See Note 17 have in a typical week? 02-84 Drinks 58 3 22 87 87 or more drinks 12 0 3 99 Don't know 25 2 11 Blank 7367 1352 2798 540 Ever Period when Considered Yourself to be Moderate Drinker? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 540 Was there ever a period in your life when ASPS D-67 you considered yourself to be a moderate drinker? 1 Yes 89 6 50 2 No 119 13 54 8 Blank but applicable 0 0 0 9 Don't know 2 1 0 Blank 7252 1337 2730 541-542 Number of Years You were Moderate Drinker Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 541-542 How many years were you a moderate drinker? ASPS D-68 00 Less than 1 year 2 0 1 See Note 17 01-43 Years 81 6 49 99 Don't know 8 1 0 Blank 7371 1350 2784 543-544 When Moderate Drinker, No. Alcoholic Beverages had in Wk Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 543-544 When you were a moderate drinker, how many ASPS D-69 drinks of alcoholic beverages did you have See Note 17 in a typical week? 00 Less than 1 drink 0 1 0 01-84 Drinks 76 5 41 88 Blank but applicable 0 0 1 99 Don't know 15 1 8 Blank 7371 1350 2784 545 Ever Period when Considered Yourself to be Light Drinker? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 545 Was there ever a period in your life when ASPS D-70 you considered yourself to be a light drinker? 1 Yes 128 13 45 2 No 80 7 58 8 Blank but applicable 0 0 1 9 Don't know 2 0 0 Blank 7252 1337 2730 546-547 No. Years You were Light Drinker Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 546-547 How many years were you a light drinker? ASPS D-71 00 Less than 1 year 3 0 0 See Note 17 01-54 Years 121 10 44 88 Blank but applicable 0 1 1 89 Don't know 6 2 1 Blank 7332 1344 2788 548-549 When Light Drinker, No. Alcoholic Beverages had in Wk. Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 548-549 When you were a light drinker, how many ASPS D-72 drinks of alcoholic beverages did you See Note 17 have in a typical week? 00 Less than 1 drink 3 1 1 01-45 Drinks 118 11 42 88 Blank but applicable 0 0 2 99 Don't know 9 1 1 Blank 7332 1344 2788 550-551 Main Reason for Not Drinking Since Date of Last Drink Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 550-551 What is your main reason for not drinking ASPS D-73 since the date of your last drink? 01 No need/not necessary 35 2 12 02 Don't care for/dislike it 26 5 14 03 Medical/health reasons 60 6 36 04 Religious/moral reasons 39 4 25 05 Alcoholic/problem drinking (self) 12 0 9 06 Costs too much 4 1 1 07 Family member an alcoholic 3 0 0 or problem drinker 08 Infrequent drinker 10 1 5 09 Parents forbid/too young 0 0 0 10 Avoid consequences 9 1 0 11 Other 12 0 2 88 Blank but applicable 0 0 0 99 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 7252 1337 2730 552-560 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 552-560 Blank GENERAL NOTES, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND ALCOHOL DATA Family Questionnaire Missing A Family Questionnaire was to be completed for each eligible family in a household with sample persons. However, a few Family Questionnaires are missing. Data records for sample persons in families with missing questionnaires are flagged with a code = 1, and all family data are blank. Data records for sample persons in families with a Family Questionnaire are flagged with a code = 2. During the Mexican-American portion of the HHANES survey, a Family Questionnaire continuation booklet containing sample person information was lost for one sample person. Therefore, the sociodemographic data for this sample person are missing. The reference person, family composition, income, residence, and household data for this person were obtained from another person in the household. Examination Status Not all sample persons consented to come to a Mobile Examination Center to participate in the examination phase of the survey. In certain rare instances (less than 0.1%), sample persons who came to the Mobile Examination Centers did not participate in sufficient components of the examination to be considered as "examined." This data field contains code = 1 for those persons who participated fully in the examination phase, and code = 2 for those who did not come to the examination center or who did not satisfactorily complete the examination. Family Number In HHANES, all household members who were related by blood, marriage, or adoption were considered to be one "family." All sample persons in the same family unit have the same computer-generated family unit code. Head of Family Relationship of Sample Person to Head of Family (Pos. 44-45) Each family containing sample persons has a designated "head of family," and the relationship of each sample person to the head of his or her family is coded in tape positions 44-45. The first three categories of this variable describe the "head" of three different kinds of families. o Code '01' identifies sample persons who lived alone (i.e., "head" of one-person families, no unrelated individuals living in the household). o Code '02' identifies sample persons who lived only with unrelated persons. o Code '03' identifies sample persons who were "heads" of families containing at least one other person (whether or not the household included additional families unrelated to the sample person). Sociodemographic Data (Pos. 100-131) This data tape includes some sociodemographic data about the head of each sample person's family (Section F). Because there can only be one "head" per family, the data in this section (positions 100-131) are the same for all sample persons in the same family (i.e., with the same family number codes in positions 39-43). If the sample person is the head of his or her family, the data in positions 100-131 are the same as in the corresponding positions in Section E. Observed Race "Race" was observed by the interviewer for all sample persons actually seen. Rules for classification of observed race were consistent with those used in the NHANES II and the National Health Interview Survey at that time. The categories were coded as follows: White Includes Spanish origin persons unless they are definitely Black, Indian or other nonwhite. Black Black or Negro. Other Race other than White or Black, including Japanese, Chinese, American Indian, Korean, Eskimo. National Origin or Ancestry The value for national origin or ancestry is based on Item 2c in the Household Screener Questionnaire and was reported by the household respondent for all household members. In the Mexican-American portion of the survey, if "other Latin-American or other Spanish" (code 9) or "Other" (code 0) was recorded and the specified origin was "Spanish-American" or "Spanish (Spain)", a code of 10 or 11, respectively, was assigned. In all three portions of the survey, if more than one category was reported, the first appropriate "Hispanic" code, if any, was assigned (codes 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, or 11 in the Mexican-American portion; codes 6 or 7 in the Cuban-American portion; codes 4 or 5 in the Puerto Rican portion). If none of these codes was recorded, the first category entered was coded. Codes for States and Foreign Countries Code State or Foreign Country 001 Alabama 002 Alaska 004 Arizona 005 Arkansas 006 California 008 Colorado 009 Connecticut 010 Delaware 011 District of Columbia 012 Florida 013 Georgia 015 Hawaii 016 Idaho 017 Illinois 018 Indiana 019 Iowa 020 Kansas 021 Kentucky 022 Louisiana 023 Maine 024 Maryland 025 Massachusetts 026 Michigan 027 Minnesota 028 Mississippi 029 Missouri 030 Montana 031 Nebraska 032 Nevada 033 New Hampshire 034 New Jersey 035 New Mexico 036 New York 037 North Carolina 038 North Dakota 039 Ohio 040 Oklahoma 041 Oregon 042 Pennsylvania 044 Rhode Island 045 South Carolina 046 South Dakota 047 Tennessee 048 Texas 049 Utah 050 Vermont 051 Virginia 053 Washington 054 West Virginia 055 Wisconsin 056 Wyoming 060 American Samoa 093 Canada 061 Canal Zone 062 Canton and Enderbury Islands 091 Central America 095 Costa Rica 063 Cuba 064 Dominican Republic 065 El Salvador 062 Enderbury Islands 087 Germany 066 Guam 068 Guatemala 069 Haiti 088 Honduras 070 Jamaica 090 Japan 067 Johnston Atoll 080 Mexico 071 Midway Islands 081 Nicaragua 096 Palestine 097 Austria 098 Lebanon 099 Chile 100 Philippines 101 Brazil 102 Holland 103 Colombia 082 Panama 072 Puerto Rico 092 Saudi Arabia 083 Spain 094 Taiwan 089 Turkey 084 Uruguay 085 Venezuela 073 Ryukyu Islands, Southern 074 Swan Islands 075 Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands (includes Caroline, Mariana and Marshall Island groups) 076 U.S. miscellaneous Caribbean Islands (includes Navassa Islands, Quito Sueno Bank, Roncador Cay, Serrana Bank and Serranilla Bank) 077 U.S. miscellaneous Pacific Islands (includes Kingman Reef, Howland, Baker & Jarvis Islands, and Palmyra Atoll) 086 United States 078 Virgin Islands 079 Wake Island 104 Azores 105 Peru 106 England 107 Vietnam 108 Italy 109 Ecuador 110 North America 111 Surinam 112 Argentina 113 Portugal 114 Trinidad 115 Egypt 116 Sudan 117 British Honduras 118 China 888 Blank but applicable National Origin Recode General Information In the HHANES, if any household member was identified as "Hispanic" (as defined below), all household members, regardless of origin, were eligible to be selected as sample persons. The national origin recode specifies whether a sample person is considered to be "Hispanic" or "not Hispanic" for purposes of analysis. "Hispanic" is defined as: Mexican-American, residing in selected counties of Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and California; Cuban-American, residing in Dade County (Miami), Florida; or Puerto Rican, residing in the New York City area, including parts of New Jersey and Connecticut Southwest Portion Recode 1) If the original national origin or ancestry code on the Household Screener Questionnaire was 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, or 11, then National origin recode = 1; 2) If national origin or ancestry was 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, or 0 but the person specified Mexican/Mexicano, Chicano, or Mexican-American self-identification on the Adult Sample Person Questionnaire (question M10), or the person was the biological child of a household member with Recode equal to 1 (as determined by questions A-1/A-11 on the Family Questionnaire), then National origin recode = 1; 3) In all other cases, National origin recode = 2. Dade County, Florida Portion Recode 1) If the original national origin or ancestry code was 6 or 7, then National origin recode = 1; 2) In all other cases, National origin recode = 2. New York City Area Portion Recode 1) If the original national origin or ancestry code was 4 or 5, then National origin recode = 1. 2) If national origin or ancestry was 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 0 but the person specified Boricuan or Puerto Rican self-identification on the Adult Sample Person Questionnaire (question M10), or the person was the biological child of a household member with Recode equal to 1 (as determined by questions A-1/A-11 on the Family Questionnaire), then National origin recode = 1. 3) In all other cases, National origin recode = 2. How to Use the National Origin Recode The national origin recode may be used in analysis in one of two ways: a. Selecting on Recode = 1 will restrict analysis to "Hispanics" only. In this case, in the Southwest portion of the survey, the weighted estimates by age and sex will approximately equal U.S. Bureau of Census population estimates of the number of Mexican Americans and a small proportion of other Hispanics assumed to be Hispano in the five Southwest States (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas) at the midpoint of the Mexican-American portion of HHANES - March 1983. The weighted estimates of Cuban Americans represents an independent estimate of the number of Cuban Americans in Dade County at the midpoint, February 1984. The weighted estimates of Puerto Ricans represents an independent estimate of the number of Puerto Ricans in the sample counties in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut at the midpoint of the Puerto Rican portion - September 1984. b. Using Recode greater than 0, that is, all sample persons, will include "Hispanic" and "not Hispanic" persons and the Southwest weighted estimates by age and sex will overestimate the U.S. Bureau of the Census population estimates of Mexican Americans and other Hispanics by about 4.5 percent. In Dade County, using recode greater than 0 will increase the weighted estimates by about 5.3 percent over that for Cuban Americans only, using recode greater than 0 for the New York area will increase the weighted estimates by about 9.2 percent over that for Puerto Ricans only. Industry and Occupation Code Family Questionnaire questions B-12 through B-15 (see page 117 or 139 of Ref. No 1 in Section C) identified sample persons 17 years old or older who were in the labor force working for pay at a job or business or who worked without pay in a family business or farm operated by a related member of the household without receiving wages or salary for work performed. Questions B-17 through B-22 provided a full description of sample persons' current or most recent job or business. The detail asked for in these questions was necessary to properly and accurately code each occupation and industry. Interviewers were trained to define a job as a definite arrangement for regular work for pay every week or every month. This included arrangements for either regular or part-time or regular full-time work. If a sample person was absent from his or her regular job, worked at more than one job, was on layoff from a job or was looking for work during the two week reference period, interviewers were trained to use the following criteria to determine the job described: a. If a sample person worked at more than one job during the two week reference period or operated a farm or business and also worked for someone else, the job at which he or she worked the most hours was described. If the sample person worked the same number of hours at all jobs, the job at which he or she had been employed the longest was entered. If the sample person was employed at all jobs the same length of time, the job the sample person considered the main job was entered. b. If a sample person was absent from his or her regular job all of the two week reference period, but worked temporarily at another job, the job at which the sample person actually worked was described, not the job from which he or she was absent. c. If a sample person had a job but did not work at all during the two week reference period, the job he or she held was described. d. If a sample person was on layoff during the two week reference period, the job from which he or she was laid off, regardless of whether a full-time or part-time job, was described. e. If a sample person was looking for work or waiting to begin a new job within 30 days of the interview, the last full-time civilian job which lasted two consecutive weeks or more was described. The 1980 census of population Alphabetical Index of Industries and Occupations was used in the coding of both industry and occupation. This book has Library of Congress Number 80-18360, and is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 for $3.00. Its Stock Number is 003024049-2. Health Insurance a. In the Health Insurance section of the Family Questionnaire, up to three separate health insurance plans could be reported for a family. Each sample person could have been covered by any combination of the three, or by none at all. In order to simplify the health insurance coverage data, the information on all reported plans was combined to a single variable for each sample person, i.e., whether or not the person is covered by any plan (position 74). For all persons covered by at least one plan, information on the type of coverage is then indicated: position 75 specifies whether any of the sample person's plans pays hospital expenses and position 76 specifies whether any of the sample person's plans pays doctor's or surgeon's bills. b. For all sample persons who were not covered by Medicare or any health insurance plan, the reasons for not being covered were ascertained. Positions 77-78 contain the main or only reason reported. For persons with one or more additional reasons, the first (lowest) code entered on the questionnaire was coded in positions 79-80. Per Capita Income Per capita income was computed by dividing the total combined family income by the number of people in the family. Poverty Index The poverty index is a ratio of two components. The numerator is the midpoint of the income bracket reported for each family in the Family Questionnaire (E-11). Respondents were asked to report total combined family income during the 12 months preceding the interview. The denominator is a poverty threshold which varied with the number of persons in the family, the adult/child composition of the family, the age of the reference person, and the month and the year in which the family was interviewed. Poverty thresholds published in Bureau of the Census reports* are based on calendar years and were adjusted to reflect differences caused by inflation between calendar years and 12 month income reference periods to which question E-11 referred. Average Consumer Price Indexes for all Urban consumers (CPI-U) for the calendar year for which the poverty thresholds were published (see table below) and for the 12 months representing the income reference period for the respondent were calculated. The percentage difference between these two numbers represents the inflation between these two periods and was applied to the poverty threshold appropriate for the family (based on the characteristics listed above). For example, for a family interviewed in November, 1983, the 1982 poverty threshold was updated to reflect inflation by multiplying by the percent change in the average CPI-U for the 12 month reference period, which would have been November, 1982 through October, 1983, over the calendar year January through December, 1982, in this example. To compute poverty indexes, the midpoint of the total combined family income bracket was divided by the updated poverty threshold. *U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 138, "Characteristics of the Population Below the Poverty Level: 1981", U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., March 1983. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 144, "Characteristics of the Population Below the Poverty Level: 1982", U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., March 1984. Average Consumer Price Index, all Urban consumers (CPI-U), U. S., city average, 1981-84 Month Year 1981 1982 1983 1984 January 260.5 282.5 293.1 305.2 February 263.2 283.4 293.2 306.6 March 265.1 283.1 293.4 307.3 April 266.8 284.3 295.5 308.8 May 269.0 287.1 297.1 309.7 June 271.3 290.6 298.1 310.7 July 274.4 292.2 299.3 311.7 August 276.5 292.8 300.3 313.0 September 279.3 293.3 301.8 October 279.9 294.1 302.6 November 280.7 293.6 303.1 December 281.5 292.4 303.5 Average 272.4 289.1 298.4 Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics Members of families with incomes equal to or greater than poverty thresholds have poverty indexes equal to or greater than 1.0 and can be described as "at or above poverty"; those with incomes less than the poverty threshold have indexes less than 1.0 and can be described as "below poverty". Poverty thresholds used were computed on a national basis only. No attempt was made to adjust these thresholds for regional, State, or other variations in the cost of living. None of the noncash public welfare benefits such as food stamp bonuses were included in the income of the low income families receiving these benefits. Size of Place and SMSA Codes for size of place and SMSA were obtained from Bureau of Census summary tape files (STF1B). A place is a concentration of population. Most places are incorporated as cities, towns, villages or boroughs, but others are defined by the Bureau of the Census around definite residential nuclei with dense, city-type street patterns, with, ideally, at least 1,000 persons per square mile. The boundaries of Census defined places may not coincide with civil divisions. A Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) is a large population nucleus and nearby communities which have a high degree of economic and social integration with that nucleus. Generally, an SMSA includes one or more central cities, all urbanized areas around the city or cities, and the remainder of the county or counties in which the urbanized areas are located. SMSAs are designated by the Office of Management and Budget. The same place size and SMSA codes were assigned to all persons in the same segment (for the definition of segments see Ref. No. 1 in Section C). In a few cases segments were divided by place boundaries. In these cases codes were assigned after inspecting segment maps. If the segment was predominantly in one place, then the place code for that place was used. If the segment was approximately evenly divided, the code for the larger place was used. Home Heating Questions E-3 through E-6, pertaining to the main fuel and equipment used for heating the home, appear to have codes which are inconsistent. It has been verified that these are the codes that were recorded on the original document; that is, codes that appear inconsistent were not incorrectly keyed. Blank Records In this field a '2' indicates a respondent for whom no alcohol data were obtained. Other Specify, Reason for Not Drinking D-4, D-50, D-73: The "other reason -- specify" responses to reasons for not drinking were recoded to existing categories whenever possible. A number of respondents stated that they were either too young or that their parents forbade it (recoded as "9") or that they wanted to avoid the adverse consequences of drinking (recoded as "10"). The remaining "other--specify" responses were too diverse to be recoded to new categories. They were coded as '11'. Apparently Illogical or Extreme Values The questionnaire data have undergone many quality control and editing procedures. The responses of sample persons to some questions may appear extreme or illogical. Self-reported data, especially, are subject to a number of sources of variability, including recall and other reporting errors. In the data clean-up process, responses that varied considerably from expected were verified through direct review of the collection form or a copy of it. Such responses may not represent fact, but they are included as recorded in the field. The user must determine if these responses should be included in analyses. Hand Calendar Card for Defining Reference Period Questions D-6 and D-8 through D-31 asked about events occurring during a four-week reference period. This four-week period referred to the four weeks ending on the Sunday before the interview. Each interviewer had two calendars, one for the interviewer and one for the respondent, that had the four-week reference period outlined in red. New calendars were distributed to interviewers each week. Objective Drinker Type Questions D-9 through D-20 and D-32 through D-43 asked about the quantity, frequency and volume of alcohol consumed by beverage type over a four-week reference period. An objective classification of drinker type based upon the mean daily amount of absolute alcohol consumed was constructed from the responses to these questions. For each beverage type, the product of the number of days on which the respondent drank, drinks per day, and ounces in a typical drink yielded the total ounces of that beverage consumed over the 28-day period. Multiplying this total by the appropriate conversion factor (i.e., beer = 0.4, wine = 0.15 and spirits = 0.45), divided by 28, and summing over all three beverage types produced the mean daily amount of absolute alcohol (ethanol) consumed over the reference period. From this variable, four categories were derived (see references below): Abstainer = person who drinks less than 0.01 ounces of ethanol per day; Light = person who drinks 0.01 ounces through 0.21 ounces of ethanol per day; Moderate = person who drinks 0.22 ounces through 0.99 ounces of ethanol per day; Heavier = person who drinks 1.00 or more ounces of ethanol per day. References Clark, W. B. and Midanik, L.: Alcohol Use and Alcohol Problems Among U.S. Adults. Results of the 1979 National Survey. In National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Alcohol Consumption and Related Problems. Alcohol and Health Monograph No. 1. DHHS Pub. No. (ADM) 82-1190. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1982. Johnson, P., Armos, D. J., Polich, S., and Stambul, H.: U.S. Adult Drinking Practices: Time Trends, Social Correlates and Sex Roles. Draft report prepared for the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism under Contract No. (ADM) 281-76-0020. Santa Monica, CA. Rand Corporation. 1977. Self-Classification of Drinker Types Caution should be used when interpreting results from occasional drinkers for this question. There were some occasional drinker respondents who, according to NIAAA's objective drinker classification (see first reference in Note 19), were "heavier" drinkers during the period when they drank but who classified themselves as abstainers "now". DETAILED NOTES, ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION DATA Average Design Effects/Sex/Selected Variables/Mexican-American Average Design Effects, by Sex, for Selected Variables -- Mexican-American Portion Mean or Tape Both Variable Proportion Positions Sexes Male Female Ever had 12 drinks of any p 411 2.0 1.3 2.2 alcohol beverage _ Age started drinking x 415-416 1.2 1.4 1.0 Had a drink during 4-week p 417 1.0 1.0 1.0 reference period Classified as "heavier" p 458 1.0 1.1 1.0 current drinker _ Number days had at least x 516-518 1.3 1.2 1.0 5 drinks Ever considered self to be p 519 1.0 1.0 1.0 heavy drinker Consider self a moderate drinker p 534 1.3 1.3 1.0 Source: NCHS, HHANES, 1982-84, Tape Number 6533, Version 1. Average Design Effects/Sex/Selected Variables/Cuban-American Average Design Effects, by Sex, for Selected Variables -- Cuban-American Portion Mean or Tape Both Variable Proportion Positions Sexes Male Female Ever had 12 drinks of any p 411 1.3 1.4 1.1 alcohol beverage _ Age started drinking x 415-416 1.0 1.0 1.2 Had a drink during 4-week p 417 1.0 1.2 1.0 reference period Classified as "heavier" p 458 1.0 1.0 1.0 current drinker _ Number days had at least x 516-518 1.0 1.0 1.0 5 drinks Ever considered self to be p 519 1.3 1.3 1.1 heavy drinker Consider self a moderate drinker p 534 1.0 1.0 1.0 Source: NCHS, HHANES, 1982-84, Tape Number 6533, Version 1. Average Design Effects/Sex/Selected Variables/Puerto Rican Average Design Effects, by Sex, for Selected Variables -- Puerto Rican Portion Mean or Tape Both Variable Proportion Positions Sexes Male Female Ever had 12 drinks of any p 411 1.9 1.1 1.6 alcohol beverage _ Age started drinking x 415-416 1.0 1.2 1.2 Had a drink during 4-week p 417 1.3 1.0 1.2 reference period Classified as "heavier" p 458 1.0 1.1 1.0 current drinker _ Number days had at least x 516-518 1.1 1.2 1.0 5 drinks Ever considered self to be p 519 1.0 1.2 1.4 heavy drinker Consider self a moderate drinker p 534 1.0 1.2 1.4 Source: NCHS, HHANES, 1982-84, Tape Number 6533, Version 1. Variances For some variables on this tape, the number of sample persons with a positive response may be too small to calculate reliable age-sex specific population estimates, variances of these estimates, and average design effects. Suppose, for example, that of the 437 Mexican-American males ages 25-34 years, 94 percent have ever had 12 drinks of any alcoholic beverage in their entire life. Suppose, also, that the average age they started drinking was 17. Assuming simple random sampling, the variance for the percent is calculated by converting the percent to a proportion and using the standard formula for the variance of a proportion, pq V =______ n This variance (V) multiplied by the design effect (DEFF) provides an estimate of the variance from a complex sample of the same sample size (n). In the example above, (.94) (.06) V =___________ 437 = .00013 = variance for a simple random sample Then multiplying by the design effect, = (.00013) (1.3) = .00017 = estimated variance for the complex sample In a similar way, the complex sample variance of the mean age when they started drinking is determined by multiplying the simple random sample variance of the mean by the appropriate design effect -- in this example, 1.4. The user can then proceed with estimating confidence intervals and testing hypotheses in the usual manner. The user should recognize that this approach does not incorporate the variance covariance matrix. In most cases, this leads to a slight overestimate of the variance because the covariance terms, which are subtracted in the variance of a ratio, in general are positive. Thus, in a borderline case, the null hypothesis would be less likely to be rejected (Ref. No. 11). Alternative or better approaches may exist or be developed. Users who want to suggest such approaches, or who want the latest information should contact the Scientific and Technical Information Branch (address given in the beginning of this documentation). APPENDIX - SURVEY INTERVIEWER'S INSTRUCTIONS Reference Extracted directly from Instruction Manual Part 15g, Mobile Examination Center Interviewer's Manual for the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84. (Ref. No. 13). General Information The alcohol consumption section provides information on the respondent's alcoholic beverage consumption pattern. Questions D2 through D7 distinguish among current drinkers, current abstainers who consumed alcoholic beverages in the past and current abstainers who have never had a pattern of alcohol consumption. Questions D8 through D31, administered to current drinkers only, ask about consumption of specific types of alcoholic beverages. Questions D32 through D50 ask the same questions of those who currently abstain but did not drink within the past year. Questions D51 through D63 are asked of both current drinkers and current abstainers who did drink within the past year. Finally, Questions D64 through D73 are administered to current abstainers whose last drink occurred one or more years before the interview. In order to ask some of the questions in the alcohol consumption section you will be required to refer back to answers given to earlier questions in the section. For example, D21 Check Item instructs you to refer back to Questions D9, D13, and D17 for the number of days during a four-week reference period the respondent drank beer, wine and/or liquor. If the respondent drank only one beverage type, you ask Question 24. If the respondent drank every day during the four-week reference period, you also ask D24. For any other combination (i.e., the SP drank more than one beverage type and/or less often than every day), you ask Question D22. Sometimes you may have to refer back to several questions and compare the answers. While this process may seem awkward and slow at first, with practice it will go much more smoothly. If a respondent expresses impatience, explain that the process will ensure that you do not ask him/her any unnecessary questions and will save time in the end. Many questions in this section deal with respondents' alcohol consumption during a four-week reference period. For respondents who currently drink, this reference period is the four-week period ending on the Sunday before the interview. For persons who currently abstain from drinking but have drank in the past, the reference period is four weeks prior to the date they had their last drink. You will have provided the respondent with a calendar at the start of the interview. The four-week reference period ending the Sunday before the interview will be outlined in red. Instruct the respondent to use the calendar as a reference whenever a question refers to that reference period or another time period. Make sure the respondent is looking at the correct time period by stating the starting and ending dates of the period for the respondent. Since the reference period will change each week, your supplies will include enough calendars for the duration of the stand. It is your responsibility to make certain that you obtain the correct calendar each week. Questions D1-D3 - Drinking Alcoholic Beverages D1. I would like to talk to you about drinking alcoholic beverages. Alcoholic beverages include liquor such as whiskey, rum, gin, vodka, or tequila, or beer, or wine. D2. In your entire life have you 1 ( ) Y 2 ( ) N (D4) had at least 12 drinks of any kind of alcoholic beverage? D1 is a statement that introduces this section of the questionnaire. In Question D2, we are interested in whether the respondent has had 12 or more drinks of alcoholic beverages in his/her entire lifetime. As explained in D1, the term "alcoholic beverages" includes liquor, beer or wine. D3. In any one year have you had at 1 ( ) Y (D5) 2 ( ) N least 12 drinks of any kind of alcoholic beverage? Note the change in timeframe between Questions D2 and D3. D2 refers to "your entire lifetime" while D3 refers to "any one year". Question D4 - Reason for not Drinking D4. DO NOT READ What is your main reason 1 ( ) DO NEED/NOT NECESSARY for not drinking? 2 ( ) DON'T CARE FOR/DISLIKE IT 3 ( ) MEDICAL/HEALTH REASONS 4 ( ) RELIGIOUS/MORAL REASONS 5 ( ) BROUGHT UP NOT TO DRINK (E1) 6 ( ) COSTS TOO MUCH 7 ( ) FAMILY MEMBER ALCOHOLIC 8 ( ) INFREQUENT DRINKER 9 ( ) OTHER 10 specify This question is asked only of those who have not had at least 12 drinks of alcoholic beverage in their entire life or have not had at least 2 drinks in any one year. If the respondent gives you more than one reason, probe to determine which reason is the most important one. Question D5 - Age First Started Drinking Alcoholic Beverages D5. Not counting small tastes, how old years old were you when you started drinking number alcoholic beverages? In some families, children are allowed small sips of wine or other alcoholic beverages occasionally even when they are quite young. This question refers to drinking alcoholic beverages other than these "small tastes." If the respondent cannot recall his/her exact age, ask for a "best estimate." Question D6 - Have Drink During Period Outlined in Red? HAND CALENDAR CARD D6. Did you have a drink during 1 ( ) Y 2 ( ) N (D4) the period outlined in red? Questions D6 and D8 through D31 ask about events occurring during the four-week reference period. This four-week period refers to the four weeks ending on the Sunday before the interview. Questions D7-D8 - Last Drink You will have two calendars, one for yourself and one for the respondent, that have the four-week reference period outlined in red. This will make it easier for the respondent to focus on the time period we are asking about. If the respondent reports having a drink during the reference period, skip to Question D8. If not, proceed to Question D7. D7. When was your last drink? ENTER DATE AND CHECK BOX Month Day Year 1 ( ) before 4-week reference period, less than 1 year from end of reference period (D32) 2 ( ) 1 or more years ago from end of reference period (D64) Encourage the respondent to use the calendar as an aid in recalling the date of his/her last drink. Record the date using two digits for the month, two for the day, and two for the year. Check the appropriate box in Question D8, using your calendar to determine in which response category the date falls. If the date was before the end point of the reference period (i.e., the Sunday prior to the date of the interview) but less than one year from the end of the reference period, check the top response category. If the date was one year or more before the end point of the reference period, code the lower response box. Note the skip pattern. If the first response category is coded, skip to Question D32. If the second box is coded, proceed to Question D64. D8. During that period, when did you last have a drink? Month Day Year Question D8 is asked of respondents who reported in D6 having had a drink during the four-week reference period. Record the date using two digits for the month, two for the day and two for the year. Questions D9-D12 - Beer Questions D9 through D20 Questions D9 through D20 ask separately about consumption of particular kinds of alcohol -- beer, wine and liquor. They are asked of respondents who reported in Question D6 and D8 having had a drink during the four week reference period. Instruct respondents to refer to the calendar when answering these questions and encourage them to take their time and answer carefully. D9. Let's talk about the 4 weeks outlined in red. 00 ( ) none or never (D13) During that 4-week period, on how many days did you days drink any beer? number This question is concerned with beer consumption during the four weeks ending on the Sunday before the interview. Note, the question is concerned with the number of separate days the respondent drank beer. If the respondent reports he/she drank no beer during this four-week period, check "none" and skip to Question D13. D10. During that 4-week period, on the day(s) when you drank beer beers about how many beers did you number drink a day? In this question, the interviewer must choose between the word "day" or "days" depending on the response to Question D9. Note, this question is concerned with the typical number of beers consumed on a day when the respondent drank beer. We are concerned here with the respondent's usual drinking pattern. For example, if the respondent usually had two drinks each day except for one Saturday night when he/she had 10 drinks, then the correct response to this question would be two drinks since this is the respondent's usual pattern. Remember, we are not looking for an average number of drinks, that is, we do not want the respondent to count up all the drinks he/she had for four weeks and divide by 28 days. D11. During those four weeks what was the total number beers of beers you drank? number This question is concerned with the total number of beers the respondent drank over the entire four-week period. You may have to help the respondent add up the total number of drinks. D12. How many ounces were in a typical can or bottle or ounces glass that you drank during number that period? Note, we are interested in the number of ounces in the container from which the respondent usually drank beer during the four-week period. If the respondent does not know the exact amount, ask him or her to estimate the amount as best he/she can. You may use the following guidelines to help the respondent calculate the number of ounces: Regular beer can = 12 oz. Small beer can, sometimes called a "pony" = 7 oz. Pint of beer = 16 oz. Quart of beer = 32 oz. Questions D13-D16 - Wine D13. During that 4-week period, 00 ( ) none or never (D17) on how many days did you days drink any wine? number D14. During that 4-week period, on the day(s) when you glasses drank wine, about how many number glasses of wine did you drink (a day)? D15. During that 4-week period, what was the total number glasses of glasses of wine that number you drank? D16. How many ounces were in a typical glass that you ounces drank during that period? number Questions D13 through D16 ask about wine consumption. They are exactly like Questions D9 through D12 on beer consumption except that they refer to glasses of wine. If the response given is in "bottles" of wine, probe to convert it to a "glasses" response. In Question D16, you may use the following guidelines to help the respondent calculate the number of ounces: a "typical" glass of wine contains 4 ounces. Again note, we are concerned with the four-week period ending on the Sunday before the interview and we are looking for the usual pattern of drinking. (See specifications for D9-D12.) Questions D17-D20 - Liquor (Whiskey, Rum, Gin, Vodka, Tequila) D17. During that 4-week period, 00 ( ) none or never (D21) on how many days did you drink any liquor such as days whiskey, rum, gin, vodka number or tequila? D18. During that 4-week period, on the day(s) when you drank drinks liquor, such as whiskey, rum, number gin, vodka, or tequila, about how many drinks did you have a day? D19. During those four weeks, what was the total number of drinks drinks of liquor you drank? number Questions D17 through D20 ask the same series of questions that were asked in D9 through D12 on beer and D13 through D16 on wine; however, the focus in these questions is on liquor consumption. Note that examples of liquor "such as whiskey, rum, gin, vodka or tequila" are given in Questions D17 and D18 to help the respondent understand what is included in the term. Again, we are concerned with the same four-week period as in Questions D9 through D16. And, as before, "typical" refers to the respondent's usual pattern of drinking. (See specifications for Questions D9 through D12.) D20. How many ounces of liquor were in a typical glass ounces that you drank during that number period? A mixed drink purchased in a bar or restaurant usually contains one ounce of liquor (unless it is a "double"). A mixed drink prepared at home usually contains slightly more liquor, approximately 1 1/2 ounces. Questions D21 - Beverage Type/ No. Days Drank D21. CHECK ITEM: REFER TO 1 ( ) only one beverage type (D24) QUESTIONS D9, D13, AND 2 ( ) drank every day (D24) D17 AND MARK APPROPRIATE 3 ( ) other (D22) BOX(ES). In D21 CHECK ITEM you must refer back to Questions D9, D13, and D17, the questions on the number of days during the four-week period the respondent drank liquor, qine, or beer. If the respondent drank only one beverage type during this period, that is, for example, he/she drank wine but not beer or liquor, skip to Question D24. Also, if the respondent drank some type of alcoholic beverage every day during the four-week period, that is, "28" is entered in the answer blank in either D9, D13, or D17, skip to Question D24. In all other cases, that is, the respondent consumed more than one beverage type or drank less than every day in the four-week period, ask Question D22. Questions D22-D23 - No. Days Drank any Alcoholic Beverage D22. I have asked you about beer, wine, and liquor separately. Now I want you to think about them combined. D23. During those 4 weeks outlined 01 ( ) one day only (D29) in red, on how many days altogether did you drink any OR kind of alcoholic beverage, that is, beer, or wine, or days liquor? number Questions D22 and D23 ask these respondents to consider all the different kinds of alcoholic beverages he/she drank during the four-week period and to determine how many days he/she drank any kind of alcoholic beverage at all. Note that since the respondent stated in D6 that he/she had at least one drink during this time period, the answer to Question D23 cannot be "0". Instruct the respondent to use his/her calendar as a memory aid. If the respondent says that he/she only drank one day during the 4 weeks in response to Question D23, check the box and skip to Question D29. Information Pertaining to Questions D24-D28 Questions D24 through D28 Questions D24 through D28 are concerned with the largest number of alcoholic beverages the respondent drank during the four-week period. Again, "any kind of alcoholic beverage" refers to all types of alcoholic beverages considered together. You will note that Questions D25 through D28 switch back and forth between asking about numbers of days and numbers of drinks. You must read the questions slowly and emphasize whether you are asking for days or drinks to ensure that the respondent understands. Further, while each of these questions asks for new information, they tend to sound repetitive and the respondent may become confused and feel you are asking the same question over and over. Remember: (1) D25 asks for the number of days the respondent drank more than the amount reported for any one beverage type, (2) D26 asks for the largest number of drinks consumed on any of those days, (3) D27 asks the numbers of days the largest amount was consumed, and (4) D28 asks the number of drinks consumed on the one day that the largest amount was consumed. D-28 is asked only of those who answer "one day" to D-25. Question D24 - Drink More Than (Largest No. in D10, D14, D18) D24. During those 4 weeks, did 1 ( ) Y 2 ( ) N (D29) you have more than (largest number in D10, D14, or D18) drinks of any kind of alcoholic beverage on a single day? To ask Question D24 you must refer back to Questions D10, D14, and D18 which ask about the number of drinks of beer, wine, or liquor the respondent consumed in a typical day. In Question D24, which is concerned with whether the respondent ever had more drinks in one day than the daily amounts reported for each specific beverage, you must fill in the blank with the largest of the numbers from D10, D14, and D18. For example, if the respondent reported in Question D10 that he/she typically drank 2 beers, in Question D14 that he/she typically consumed 3 glasses of wine, and in D18 that he/she usually consumed 1 drink of liquor, Question D24 would read: "During these four weeks, did you have more than 3 drinks of any kind of alcoholic beverage on a single day?" Question D25 - No. Days Had > (Largest No. in D10,D14,D18) Drinks D25. During those 4 weeks, on how 01 ( ) one day only (D28) many days did you have more than (largest number in D10, days D14, or D18) drinks of any number kind of alcoholic beverage, that is, beer, wine or liquor? Question D25 asks the number of days the respondent consumed more drinks than the largest amount reported in D10, D14, or D18. If the respondent reports he/she drank more on one day only, check the box and skip to Question D28. Encourage the respondent to use the calendar as a memory aid. Questions D26-D27 - Largest No. Drinks/No. Days Had That No. Drink D26. What was the largest number drinks of drinks you had on any number one of those days? Question D26 asks the largest number of drinks the respondent consumed during the entire four-week period on any one day. Remember that this question is concerned with all types of alcoholic beverages considered together. D27. On how many days during days (D29) those 4 weeks did you have number (number in D26) drinks? This question is concerned with the number of days the respondent consumed the number of drinks reported in D26. Again, encourage the respondent to use the calendar. After recording the answer to D27, skip to Question D29. Question D28 - No. Drinks Had on That Day D28. How many drinks did you drinks have on that day? number This question is asked only of people who reported in D25 that they drank more than was reported for any one beverage type on one day only. Again, we are interested in all beverage types combined. Questions D29-D30 - Typical Drinking Pattern/Drink More or Less? D29. Was your drinking during 1 ( ) Y (D31) 2 ( ) N those four weeks typical of your drinking over the past 12 months? This question asks the respondent to compare his/her drinking for the last four weeks with his/her drinking pattern over the past 12 months. As in previous questions, "typical" refers to the respondent's usual pattern. D30. Did you drink more or less 1 ( ) more (D51) than usual during those 2 ( ) less (D51) 4 weeks? This question is concerned with whether the respondent drank more or less during the four-week period than he/she did during the rest of the year and is asked only of respondents who answer "No" to Question D29. After recording the answer, skip to Question D51. Question D31 - No. of Years for Typical Drinking Pattern D31. For how many years has this years (D51) been typical of your drinking? number For those who reported in D29 that their current drinking was typical of the last 12 months, D31 asks for the total number of years this pattern has been typical. If the respondent answers less than one year, record "0" on the line and record the response verbatim in the space under the line. After recording the answer, skip to Question D51. Questions D32-D43 - Respondents Whose Last Drink Was Before 4 Wks. Questions D32 through D50 are asked of respondents who reported in D7 that their last drink of an alcoholic beverage was before the four-week reference period ending the previous Sunday but within the past twelve months. These respondents were not asked Questions D9 through D31 but rather were skipped to Question D32. D32. Let's talk about the 4-week 00 ( ) none or never (D36) period ending the day you had days your last drink. During number those 4 weeks, on how many days did you drink any beer? D33. During that 4-week period, on beers the day(s) when you drank number beer, about how many beers did you drink a day? D34. During those four weeks, what was the total number beers of beers you drank? number D35. About how many ounces were in a typical can or bottle ounces of glass of beer that you number drank during that period? D36. During those 4 weeks, on 00 ( ) none or never (D40) how many days did you drink days any wine? number D37. During that 4-week period, on the day(s) when you drank glasses wine, about how many glasses number of wine did you drink a day? D38. During those four weeks, what was the total number glasses of glasses of wine that you number drank? D39. About how many ounces were in a typical glass that you ounces drank during that period? number D40. During those 4 weeks, on 00 ( ) none or never (D44) how many days did you drink days any liquor, such as whiskey, number rum, gin, vodka, or tequila? D41. During that 4-week period, on the day(s) when you drank drinks liquor, such as whiskey, rum, number gin, vodka, or tequila, about how many drinks did you have a day? D42. During those four weeks, what was the total number drinks of drinks you had? number D43. About how many ounces of liquor were in a typical ounces drink you had during that number period? Questions D32 through D43 are similar to Questions D9 through D20, that is, they ask about patterns of consumption for specific types of alcoholic beverages -- beer, wine, and liquor. The only difference is that Questions D32-D43 refer to the four weeks before the respondent had his/her last drink rather than four weeks ending on the Sunday before the interview. Since the period being considered may have occurred up to one year ago, the respondent may have some difficulty remembering specific amounts and numbers of days. Encourage respondents to take their time and to use the calendar as a memory aid. If needed, use the suggestions in the section of this manual entitled Helping the Respondent Remember Events that Occurred in the Past to help the respondent remember events which occurred some time ago. Refer to the specifications for Questions D9 through D20 for detailed specifications on Questions D32 through D43. Questions D44 - Type of Beverage/No. Days Drank D44. CHECK ITEM: REFER TO 1 ( ) only one beverage type (D47) QUESTIONS D32, D36, AND 2 ( ) drank every day (D47) D40 AND MARK FIRST 3 ( ) other (D45) APPROPRIATE BOX. D44 CHECK ITEM is similar to D21 CHECK ITEM. You must refer to the number of days the respondent drank beer (D32), wine (D36), and liquor (D40). If only one beverage type was consumed, you skip to Question D47. If the respondent drank every day in the four-week period, also skip to Question D47. For all other respondents, proceed to Question D45. Questions D45-D46 - No. Days Drank any Alcoholic Beverage D45. I have asked you about beer, wine and liquor separately. Now I want you to think about them combined. D46. During those 4 weeks on how 01 ( ) one day only many days altogether did you drink any kind of alcoholic OR beverage, that is, beer, or wine, or liquor? days number Questions D45 and D46, like Questions D22 and D23, ask respondents to consider all the different kinds of beverages he/she drank during a four-week period (in this question, the four weeks before his/her last drink) and to determine how many days during that period he/she drank any kind of alcoholic beverage. Again, encourage the respondent to use the calendar as a memory aid. Questions D47-D48 - Typical Drinking Pattern/Drink More or Less? D47. Was your drinking during those 1 ( ) Y (D49) 2 ( ) N 4 weeks typical of your drinking during the 12 months before your last drink? D48. Did you drink more or less 1 ( ) more (D50) than usual during those 2 ( ) less (D50) 4 weeks? Questions D47 and D48 are the same as Questions D29 and D30, respectively. Again, typical refers to the respondent's usual pattern. Question D49 - No. Years for Drinking Pattern D49. For how many years did you drink the same as you did in years the 4 weeks before your last number drink? This question is concerned with the number of years the drinking pattern described in Questions D32 through D43 has been typical of the respondent's drinking. It is the same as Question D31. As in D31, if the response given is less than one year, record "0" and write the response verbatim in the space below the answer line. Question D50 - Main Reason for not Drinking DO NOT READ D50. What is your main reason 1 ( ) DO NEED/NOT NECESSARY for not drinking since 2 ( ) DON'T CARE FOR/DISLIKE IT (date in D7)? 3 ( ) MEDICAL/HEALTH REASONS 4 ( ) RELIGIOUS/MORAL REASONS 5 ( ) ALCOHOLIC/DRINKING PROBLEM (SELF) 6 ( ) COSTS TOO MUCH 7 ( ) FAMILY MEMBER AN ALCOHOLIC OR PROBLEM DRINKER 8 ( ) INFREQUENT DRINKER 9 ( ) OTHER 10 specify In this question we are interested in the reason the respondent is not currently drinking. Note that, again, you must insert the date from D7 in the blank. You must classify the respondent's answer into one of the 8 categories given in the answer column; if none of the categories apply, check the "other" box and specify the reason on the line provided. If the respondent mentions more than one reason, probe to determine the most important one. Question D51-D53 - Drinking Pattern for 12 Mo. Before Last Drink D51. Now think back over the 12- months month period before your last number drink. In how many of those months did you have at least one drink of any alcoholic beverage, that is, either beer or wine or liquor? Questions D51 through D63 are asked of both current drinkers and current abstainers who did drink within the past year. Note that the time period we are concerned with is the 12-month period before the respondent's last drink. Question D51 asks in how many of those twelve months did the respondent have at least one drink of any alcoholic beverage. D52. During those months, on how many days did you have 9 or days more drinks of any alcoholic number beverage? This question asks the number of days the respondent consumed a specified number of drinks -- 9 drinks or more -- during the 12-month period. We are interested in 9 or more drinks of any kind of alcoholic beverage including either beer, wine, or liquor or all three. Encourage the respondent to use the calendar as a memory aid. D53. On how many days did you have at least 5 drinks of any days alcoholic beverage? number In this question we are interested in the total number of days the respondent consumed 5 or more drinks during the 12-month period. Note that the respondent should include in this total the number of days he/she reported consuming 9 or more drinks in Question D52. Thus, if the respondent reported drinking 9 or more drinks on 10 days in Question D52, the answer to D53 would equal at least 10 plus the number of days the respondent drank from 5 to 9 drinks. Question D54 - Lifetime Drinking Pattern D54. The next few questions are about drinking during your lifetime beginning with the age you started drinking and ending with your last drink. Was there ever a period in your 1 ( ) Y 2 ( ) N (D57) life when you considered your- self a heavy drinker? The timeframe again changes for Questions D54 through D63. Here, the timeframe encompasses the respondent's entire drinking history starting with the age he/she started drinking and ending with his/her last drink. For older respondents, this may cover many years. Encourage respondents to think carefully in order to obtain an accurate response. In Question D54, we are asking respondents whether or not there was ever a period when they considered themselves to be a heavy drinker. Do not define "heavy" for the respondent. We are interested in what they consider to be heavy. If respondent answers "No," skip to Question D57. Questions D55-D56 - Heavy Drinker D55. How many years were you a years heavy drinker? number D56. When you were a heavy drinks drinker, how many drinks number of alcoholic beverages did you have in a typical week? In Question D55, enter the number of years. If less than one year, enter "0" on the line and record verbatim in the space below the answer line. Question D56 is concerned with the number of alcoholic drinks consumed in a typical week when the respondent considered himself/herself a heavy drinker. We are interested in the respondent's usual drinking pattern. For example, if a respondent answers that he/she would normally drink approximately 30 drinks per week but that there were two weeks when he/she consumed more than 30 drinks, the answer to D56 would be 30 drinks. Some respondents may answer in terms other than a number of drinks, "3 six-packs of beer" or "2 quarts of whiskey," for example. Probe to get the answer in terms of the number of drinks during a typical week. Questions D57-D59 - Moderate Drinker D57. Was there ever a period in your 1 ( ) Y 2 ( ) N (D60) life when you considered your- self to be a moderate drinker? D58. How many years were you a years moderate drinker? number D59. When you were a moderate drinker, how many drinks drinks of alcoholic beverages did number you have in a typical week? Questions D57 through D59 are exactly the same as Questions D54 through D56. However, in this series we are asking respondents if they ever considered themselves to be moderate drinkers. As before, do not define "moderate" for the respondent, and note the timeframe we are concerned with. (See specifications for D54 through D56). Questions D60-D62 - Light Drinker D60. Was there ever a period in your 1 ( ) Y 2 ( ) N (D63) life when you considered your- self to be a light drinker? D61. How many years were you a years light drinker? number D62. When you were a light drinker, how many drinks drinks of alcoholic beverages did number you have in a typical week? Questions D60 through D62 are, again, the same as Questions D54 through D56 except that respondents are asked if they ever considered themselves to be light drinkers. Do not define the term "light" and emphasize the timeframe. (See specifications for D54 through D56). Question D63 - Light, Moderate, Heavy Drinker Now? D63. Do you now consider yourself to 1 ( ) abstainer be a light, moderate, or heavy 2 ( ) light (E1) drinker? 3 ( ) moderate 4 ( ) heavy Note that the question does not include "abstainer" as a choice, although it is included as an answer category. This is because the respondent has already said he/she drinks at least 12 drinks in any one year. Some respondents, however, may volunteer that currently they abstain from drinking alcohol. If so, check the "abstainer" box. Do not define "light, moderate, or heavy drinker" to the respondent; we are interested in whatever the respondent considers these terms to mean. Questions D64-D73 - Last Drink One or More Yrs. from End Ref. Per. Questions D64 through D73 are asked of respondents who reported in Question D7 that their last drink was one or more years from the end of the reference period. They were not asked Questions D58 through D63. Rather, they were skipped to Question D64. D64. The next few questions are about drinking during your lifetime beginning with the age you started drinking and ending with your last drink. Was there ever a period in your 1 ( ) Y 2 ( ) N (D67) life when you considered your- self to be a heavy drinker? D65. How many years were you a years heavy drinker? number D66. When you were a heavy drinker, how many drinks drinks of alcoholic beverages did number you have in a typical week? D67. Was there ever a period in your 1 ( ) Y 2 ( ) N (D70) life when you considered your- self to be a moderate drinker? D68. How many years were you a years moderate drinker? number D69. When you were a moderate drinker, how many drinks drinks of alcoholic beverages did number you have in a typical week? D70. Was there ever a period in your 1 ( ) Y 2 ( ) N (D73) life when you considered your- self to be a light drinker? D71. How many years were you a years light drinker? number D72. When you were a light drinker, how many drinks drinks of alcoholic beverages did number you have in a typical week? Questions D64 through D72 are exactly the same as Questions D54 through D62. Emphasize the timeframe and encourage respondents to carefully consider their responses. Again, do not define the terms "light, moderate, or heavy" for the respondent as we are interested in what he/she considers these to mean. D73. What is your main reason 1 ( ) DO NEED/NOT NECESSARY for not drinking since 2 ( ) DON'T CARE FOR/DISLIKE IT (date in D7)? 3 ( ) MEDICAL/HEALTH REASONS 4 ( ) RELIGIOUS/MORAL REASONS 5 ( ) ALCOHOLIC/DRINKING PROBLEM (SELF) 6 ( ) COSTS TOO MUCH 7 ( ) FAMILY MEMBER AN ALCOHOLIC OR PROBLEM DRINKER 8 ( ) INFREQUENT DRINKER 9 ( ) OTHER 10 specify In this question we are interested in the reason the respondent is not currently drinking. Note that, again, you must insert the date from D7 in the blank. You must classify the respondent's answer into one of the 9 categories given in the answer column; if none of the categories apply, check the "other" box and specify the reason on the line provided. If the respondent mentions more than one reason, probe to determine the most important one. REFERENCES 1. National Center for Health Statistics: Maurer, K. R. and others: Plan and Operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 1, No. 19. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 85-1321. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office. Sept., 1985. 2. National Center for Health Statistics: McCarthy, P. J.: Replication: An Approach to the Analysis of Data from Complex Surveys. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 2, No. 14. PHS Pub. No. 1000. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office. Apr., 1966. 3. Survey Research Center Computer Support Group: OSIRIS IV User's Manual, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 1979. 4. Holt, M. M.: SURREGR: Standard Errors of Regression Coefficients from Sample Survey Data. Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1977. (Revised Apr., 1982 by B. V. Shah). 5. Hidiroglou, M. A., Fuller, W. A., and Hickman, R. D.: SUPERCARP. Sixth Edition. Survey Section, Statistical Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA. Oct., 1980. 6. Woodruff, R. S.: A Simple Method for Approximating the Variance of a Complicated Estimate. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 66:411-414, 1971. 7. Shah, B. V.: SESUDAAN: Standard Errors Program for Computing of Standardized Rates from Sample Survey Data. RTI/5250/00-01S. Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC. Apr., 1981. 8. Helnig, J. T. and Council, K. A., eds.: SAS Users' Guide: Basics. SAS Institute, Inc. Cary, NC, 1982. 9. National Center for Health Statistics: Landis, J. R., Lepkowski, J. M., Eklund, S. A., and Stehouwer, S. A. A Statistical Methodology for Analyzing Data from a Complex Survey: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 2, No. 92. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 82-1366. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office. Sept., 1982. 10. Kovar, M. G. and Johnson, C.: Design Effects from the Mexican-American Portion of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: A Strategy for Analysts. Proceedings of the Social Statistics Section, American Statistical Association, 1986 (in press). 11. Freeman, D. H. and Brock, D. B.: The Role of Covariance Matrix Estimation in the Analysis of Complex Sample Survey Data. In N. Krishnan Namboodiri, ed., Survey Sampling and Measurement. Symposium on Survey Sampling, 2d, University of North Carolina. New York, Academic Press, 1978. 12. National Center for Health Statistics: Instruction Manual Part 15h, Household Interviewer's Manual for the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84. Hyattsville, MD. 1986. 13. National Center for Health Statistics: Instruction Manual Part 15g, Mobile Examination Center Interviewer's Manual for the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84. Hyattsville, MD. 1986. 14. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), Third Edition, Washington, D.C., PA, 1980. 15. Freedman, D. X.: Psychiatric Epidemiology Counts. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44:931-933, 1984. 16. Holzer, C. E., Eaton, W. W., Von Korff, M., Anthony, J. C., et al.: The Design of the Epidemiology Catchment Area Surveys. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41:942-948, 1984. 17. Myers, J. K. Weissman, M. M., Tischler, G. L., Holzer, C. E., et al.: Six-month Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Three Communities. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41:959-967, 1984. 18. Regier, D. A., Myers, J. K., Kramer, M., Robins, L. N., et al.: The NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41:934-941, 1984. 19. Shapiro, S., Skinner, E. A., Kessler, L. G., Von Korff, M., et al.: Utilization of Health and Mental Health Services. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41:971-978, 1984. 20. Robins, L. N., Helzer, J. E., Weissman, M. M., Orvashel, H., et al.: Lifetime Prevalence of Specific Psychiatric Disorders in Three Sites. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41:949-958, 1984. 21. Boyd, J. H., Burke, J. D., Gruenberg, E., Holzer, C. E., et al.: Exclusion Criteria of DSM-III. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41:983-989, 1984. 22. Eaton, W. W., Kessler, L. G. (eds.): Epidemiologic Field Methods in Psychiatry: The NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press, 1985. 23. Anthony, J. C., Folstein, M., Romanoski, A. J., Von Korff, M. R., et al.: Comparison of the Lay Diagnostic Interview Schedule and a Standardized Psychiatric Diagnosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 42:667-675, 1985. 24. Helzer, J. E., Robins, L. N., McEvoy, L. T., Spitznagel, E. L., et al.: A Comparison of Clinical and Diagnostic Interview Schedule Diagnoses. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 42:657-666, 1985. 25. Hesselbrock, V., Stabenau, J., Hesselbrock, M., Mirkin, P., et al.: A Comparison of Two Interview Schedules. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 39:674-677, 1982. 26. Klerman, G. L.: Diagnosis of Psychiatric Disorders in Epidemiologic Field Studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 42:723-724, 1985. 27. Robins, L. N., Helzer, J. E., Ratcliff, K. S., Seyfried, W.: Validity of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version II: DSM-III Diagnoses: Psychological Medicine, 12:855-870, 1982. 28. Wittchen, H. U., Semler, G., von Zerssen, D.: A Comparison of Two Diagnostic Methods. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 42:677-684, 1985. 29. Weissman, M. M., Sholomskas, D., Pottenger, M., Prusoff, A., et al.: Assessing Depressive Symptoms in Five Psychiatric Populations: A Validation Study. Amer J of Epidemiology, 106:203-214, 1977. 30. Burnam, M. A., Karrio, M., Hough, R. L. Escobar, J. I., et al.: The Spanish Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 40:1189-1196, 1983. 31. Karno, M., Burnam, M. A., Escobar, J. I., Hough, R. L., et al.: Development of the Spanish-Language Version of the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule: Arch Gen Psychiatry, 40:1183-1188, 1983. 32. Radloff, L. S.: The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1:3, 385-401, 1977. 33. Radloff, L. S., Locke, B. Z.: The Community Mental Health Assessment Survey and the CES-D Scale. Community Surveys, (In press), 1985. 34. Comstock, G. W. Helsing, K. J.: Symptoms of Depression in Two Communities, Psychological Medicine, 6:551-563, 1976. 35. Craig, T. J., Van Natta, P. A.: Presence and Persistence of Depression Symptoms in Patient and Community Populations. Am J Psychiatry, 133:12, 1426-1429, 1976. 36. Clark, V. A., Aneshensel, C. S., Frerichs, R. R., Morgan, T. M.: Analysis of Effects of Sex and Age in Response to Items on the CES-D Scale, Psychiatry Research, 5:171-181, 1981. 37. Eaton, W. W., Kessler, L. G.: Rates of Symptoms of Depression in a National Sample. Amer J of Epidemiology, 114:4, 528-538, 1981. 38. Frerichs, R. R., Aneshensel, C. S., Clark, V. A.: Prevalence of Depression in Los Angeles County. Amer J of Epidemiology, 113:6, 691-699, 1981. 39. Roberts R. E., Vernon, S. W.: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: Its use in a Community Sample. Am J Psychiatry, 140:1, 41-46, 1983. 40. Vernon, S. W., Roberts, R. E.: Prevalence of Treated and Untreated Psychiatric Disorders in Three Ethnic Groups. Soc Sci Med., 16:1575-1582, 1982. 41. Vernon, S. W., Roberts, R. E., Lee, E. S.: Response Tendencies, Ethnicity, and Depression Scores. Amer J of Epidemiology, 116:482-495, 1982. 42. Roberts, R. E.: Reliability of the CES-D Scale in Different Ethnic Contexts. Psychiatry Research, 2:125-133, 1980. 43. Boyd, J. H., Weissman, M. M., Thompson, W. D., Myers, J. K.: Screening for Depression in a Community Sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 39:1195-1200, 1982. 44. Husaini, B. A., Neff, J. A., Harrington, J. B., Hughes, M.D., et al.: Depression in Rural Communities: Validating the CES-D Scale. J of Community Psychology, 8:20-27, 1980.
