 |
 |
 |
|
   |
||||||||
|
|
|||||||
|
Scientific Data Documentation
Blood And Urine Assessments, Ages 6 months - 74 years (1982-1984)
DSN: SEE BLOOD AND URINE DATASET NAMES ABSTRACT General Information HISPANIC HEALTH AND NUTRITION EXAMINATION SURVEY, 1982-84 Mexican Americans Cuban Americans Puerto Ricans Description The Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) was conducted from July 1982 through December 1984. The data on the tape documented here are from all three portions of the survey: Mexican Americans Residing in selected counties of Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and California Surveyed from July 1982 through November 1983 9,894 persons sampled; 8,554 interviewed; 7,462 examined Cuban Americans Residing in Dade County (Miami), Florida Surveyed from January 1984 through April 1984 2,244 persons sampled; 1,766 interviewed; 1,357 examined Puerto Ricans Residing in New York City area, including parts of New Jersey and Connecticut Surveyed from May 1984 through December 1984 3,786 persons sampled; 3,369 interviewed; 2,834 examined Important Caution Notice C A U T I O N BEFORE USING THIS DATA TAPE, PLEASE READ THIS PAGE. o Read the accompanying description of the survey, "The Plan and Operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey", DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 85-1321 before conducting analyses of the data on this tape. o Two aspects of HHANES, especially, should be taken into account when conducting any analyses: the sample weights and the complex survey design. o Analyses should not be conducted on data combined from the three portions of the survey (Mexican-American, Cuban-American, Puerto Rican). o HHANES is a survey of Hispanic households and some of the sample persons included on this tape are not of Hispanic origin. A detailed description of the data codes dealing with national origin or ancestry appears in the NOTES section of this document. o Examine the range and frequency of values of a variable before conducting an analyses of data. The range may include unusual or unexpected values. The frequency counts may be useful to determine which analyses may be worthwhile. o Language of interview, which may appear several places on this tape, can vary depending on the questionnaire (several used in the survey) and on whether the response was provided by the sample person or by a proxy. o For some data items, reference is made to a note. The notes (in a separate section of this document) may be very important in data analyses. Attention to them is strongly urged. This Public Use Data Tape has been edited very carefully. Numerous consistency and other checks were also performed. Nevertheless, due especially to the large number of data items, some errors may have gone undetected. Please bring to the attention of NCHS any errors in the data tape or the documentation. Errata sheets will be sent to people who have purchased the data tapes and corrections will be made to subsequently released data tapes. In publications, please acknowledge NCHS as the original data source. The acknowledgment should include a disclaimer crediting the authors for analyses, interpretations, and conclusions; NCHS should be cited as being responsible for only the collection and processing of the data. In addition, NCHS requests that the acronym HHANES be placed in the abstracts of journal articles and other publications based on data from this survey in order to facilitate the retrieval of such materials through automated bibliographic searches. Please send reprints of journal articles and other publications that include data from this tape to NCHS. Division of Health Examination Statistics National Center for Health Statistics Center Building, Room 2-58 3700 East-West Highway Hyattsville, MD 20782 Public Use Data Tapes for the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey will be released through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) as soon as the data have been edited, validated, and documented. A list of NCHS Public Use Data Tapes that can be purchased from NTIS may be obtained by writing the Scientific and Technical Information Branch, NCHS. Scientific and Technical Information Branch National Center for Health Statistics Center Building, Room 1-57 3700 East-West Highway Hyattsville, MD 20782 301-436-8500 BACKGROUND The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) collects, analyzes, and disseminates data on the health status of Americans. The results of surveys, analyses, and studies are made known primarily through publications and the release of computer data tapes. This document contains details required to guide programmers, statistical analysts, and research scientists in the use of a Public Use Data Tape. From 1960 through 1980 NCHS conducted five population-based, national health examination surveys. Each survey involved collecting data by direct physical examination, the taking of a medical history, and laboratory and clinical tests and measurements. Questionnaires and examination components have been designed to obtain and support analyses of data on certain targeted conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and anemia. Beginning with the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) a nutrition component was added to obtain information on nutritional status and dietary practices. The numbers of Hispanics in these samples were, however, insufficient to enable adequate estimation of their health conditions. From 1982 through 1984 a Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) was conducted to obtain data on the health and nutritional status of three Hispanic groups: Mexican Americans from Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and California; Cuban Americans from Dade County, Florida; and Puerto Ricans from the New York City area, including parts of New Jersey and Connecticut. The general structure of the HHANES sample design was similar to that of the previous National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. All of these studies have used complex, multistage, stratified, clustered samples of defined populations. The major difference between HHANES and the previous surveys is that HHANES was a survey of three special subgroups of the population in selected areas of the United States rather than a national probability sample. A detailed presentation of the design specifications is found in Chapter 5 of "Plan and Operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84" (Ref. No. 1). METHODS Data Collection and Processing Procedures Data collection began with a household interview. Several questionnaires were administered: o A Household Screener Questionnaire (HSQ), administered at each selected address, for determining household eligibility and for selecting sample persons. o A Family Questionnaire (FQ), administered once for each family containing sample persons, which included sections on family relationships, basic demographic information for sample persons and head of family, Medicare and health insurance coverage, participation in income assistance programs, and housing characteristics. o An Adult Sample Person Questionnaire (ASPQ), for persons 12 through 74 years which, depending on age, included sections on health status measures, health services utilization, smoking (20 through 74 years), meal program participation, and acculturation. Information on the use of medicines and vitamins in the past two weeks was also obtained. o A Child Sample Person Questionnaire (CSPQ), for sample persons 6 months through 11 years which included sections on a number of health status issues, health care utilization, infant feeding practices, participation in meal programs, school attendance, and language use. Information on the use of medicines and vitamins in the past two weeks was also obtained. At the Mobile Examination Center two questionnaires were administered and an examination performed: o An Adult Sample Person Supplement (ASPS), for sample persons 12 through 74 years, which included sections on alcohol consumption, drug abuse, depression, smoking (12 through 19 years), pesticide exposure, and reproductive history. o A Dietary Questionnaire (DQ), for persons 6 months through 74 years, by which trained dietary interviewers collected information about "usual" consumption habits and dietary practices, and recorded foods consumed 24-hours prior to midnight of the interview. o An examination which included a variety of tests and procedures. Age at interview and other factors determined which procedures were administered to which examinees. A dentist performed a dental examination and a vision test. Technicians took blood and urine specimens and administered a glucose tolerance test, X-rays, electrocardiograms, and ultrasonographs of the gallbladder. Technicians also performed hearing tests and took a variety of body measurements. A physician performed a medical examination focusing especially on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems. The physician's impression of overall health, nutritional and weight status, and health care needs were also recorded. Some blood and urine specimen analyses were performed by technicians in the examination center; others were conducted under contract at various laboratories. Data presented in Sections E through H and the family relationships data in Section J were collected on the Household Screener and Family Questionnaires. These interview schedules were administered in sample persons' households. Completed interview schedules were reviewed in the Survey's field offices and again at the data processing center of NCHS by clerical editors. The editors checked the forms for completeness, clarity, and compliance with skip patterns, and they coded items such as industry and occupation. At the data processing center the questionnaires were keyed and verified on key-to-disk data entry equipment under the control of programs that checked for valid codes and ranges, compliance with skip patterns, and consistency. After being keyed, data were reedited by analysts for reasonableness and consistency and for compliance with instructions for sampling and questionnaire administration. Data in Section K were collected as a battery of blood assessments which included hematologic and nutritional biochemistries, and lipids. The general tape description format is Tape Position X Item X Counts. The item (field) may be a tape descriptor (e.g., Version Number), a sample person descriptor (e.g., Age at Interview), or a question (e.g., Is sample person covered by Medicare?). Where appropriate, data entries are presented by codes. Frequency counts are given for each code. The counts are included to help the user in planning analyses and in verifying that programs account for all data. The data source is given also (e.g., from Family Questionnaire). In some cases, a note is referenced. The notes contain explanations of the item (e.g., how Poverty Index is calculated). The questionnaire data have undergone many quality control and editing procedures. The responses of sample persons to some questions may appear extreme or illogical. Self-reported data, especially, are subject to a number of sources of variability, including recall and other reporting errors. In the data clean-up process, responses that varied considerably from expected were verified through direct review of the collection form or a copy of it. Such responses may not represent fact, but they are included as recorded in the field. The user must determine if these responses should be included in analyses. Responses to "other" and "specify" were recoded to existing categories, if possible. For responses that could not be recoded, new code categories were created if the information was deemed analytically useful. Caution should be used in interpreting the data from these new categories because there is no way of knowing which other respondents would have selected one of the new categories if given the option. The blood determinations like the questionnaire data have undergone numerous quality control and editing procedures in both the data collection and data processing phases of the survey. All unusual values have been checked and verified by the laboratories. A code "8" which is labeled as "blank but applicable" is used to indicate that a sample person should have a data value for a particular blood assessment but for varying reasons that value is unavailable. Blanks were used when a particular assessment was not supposed to be given or was not applicable. Hematological, biochemical and urinary assessments were included to provide objective evidence of the health and nutritional status of individuals with respect to anemias and other blood disorders, vitamin deficiencies, toxic levels of substances, and the risk of likelihood of disease. The blood determinations released in this version are a subset of the total battery of determinations done. As additional ones are edited and validated, they will be made available on a subsequent version of this tape. A complete list of laboratory determinations included in the survey, and the laboratories at which they were performed, may be found in appendices V and VI of the plan and operation report of the HHANES (Ref. No. 1). Brief descriptions of the analytic methods used for the determinations are presented in Section M. Detailed descriptions of the procedures and methods used by the various laboratories are available upon request. Copies of the questionnaires and examination forms, both in English and Spanish can be found in the plan and operation report for HHANES (Ref. No. 1). Detailed information on interviewing and examination procedures is contained in the household interviewer's manual (Ref. No. 12), the mobile examination center interviewer's manual (Ref. No. 13), and the examination staff procedures manual (Ref. No. 14). These manuals are available upon request from: Division of Health Examination Statistics National Center for Health Statistics Center Building, Room 2-58 3700 East-West Highway Hyattsville, MD 20782 301-436-7080 Sample Weights Because the HHANES sample is not a simple random one, it is necessary to incorporate sample weights for proper analysis of the data. These sample weights are a composite of individual selection probabilities, adjustments for noncoverage and nonresponse, and poststratification adjustments. The HHANES sample weights, which are necessary for the calculation of point estimates, are located on all data tapes in positions 184-213. Because of the complex sample design and the ratio adjustments used to produce the sample weights, commonly used methods of point and variance estimation and hypothesis testing which assume simple random sampling may give misleading results. In order to provide users with the capability of estimating the complex sample variances in the HHANES data, Strata and Pseudo Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) codes have been provided on all data tapes in positions 214-217. These codes and the sample weights are necessary for the calculation of variances. Variance Estimation There are computer programs available designed for variance estimation for complex sample designs. The balanced repeated replication approach (Ref. No. 2) is used in &REPERR and a linearization approach is used in &PSALMS to calculate variance-covariance matrixes. Both routines are available within the OSIRIS IV library (Ref. No. 3). SURREGR (Ref. No. 4) and SUPERCARP (Ref. No. 5) are programs that calculate variance-covariance matrixes using a linearization approach (Ref. No. 6) (Taylor series expansion). Another program, SESUDAAN (Ref. No. 7) calculates standard errors, variances, and design effects. (Note: This version of SESUDAAN should not be used to obtain variances for totals.) SURREGR and SESUDAAN are special procedures which run data under the SAS system (Ref. No. 8). Even though the total number of examined persons in this survey is quite large, subclass analyses can lead to estimates that are unstable, particularly estimates of variances. Consequently, analysis of subclasses require that the user pay particular attention to the number of sample persons in the subclass and the number of PSU's that contain at least one sample person in the subclass. Small sample sizes, or a small number of PSU's used in the variance calculations, may produce unstable estimates of the variances. A more complete discussion of these issues and possible analytic strategies for examining various hypotheses is presented in Chapter 11 of "Plan and Operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84" (Ref. No. 1) and in an earlier NCHS methodology (Series 2) publication (Ref. No. 9). Some users, however, may not have access to the computer programs for estimating complex sample variances or may want to do their preliminary analyses without using them. In addition, variance estimates calculated from HHANES data through use of the programs described previously are likely to be unstable because there were so few sample areas for each portion of HHANES. This instability is not due to there being too few people in the sample but may be due to the fact that the sample was selected from relatively few areas. Therefore, the following discussion is designed to provide an alternative approach to deal with the unavailability of software and the small number of PSU's. The approach is based on using average design effects (Ref. No. 10). The design effect, defined as the ratio of the variance of a statistic from a complex sample to the variance of the same statistic from a simple random sample of the same size, that is, DESIGN EFFECT (DEFF) = COMPLEX SAMPLE VARIANCE SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLE VARIANCE is often used to show the impact of the complex sample design on variances. If the design effect is near 1, the complex sample design has little effect on the variances and the user could consider assuming simple random sampling for the analysis. Some illustrative design effects for HHANES data on this tape are given in the following tables. The design effects in the tables are the average for the age groups usually presented in NCHS Series 11 publications. If the average design effect for a subgroup was less than 1.0 (implying an improvement over simple random sampling), it was coded as 1.0. The following guidelines were used in the calculation of the average design effects: 1. Exclude all persons of non-Hispanic origin, 2. Exclude all estimates for large age ranges, such as all ages combined or 'all adults', and 3. Exclude all estimates where the proportion of the subpopulation with the specific characteristic or condition was zero percent or one hundred percent. Design effects tend to be larger when age groups are combined, just as they are when the sexes are combined, as shown in the tables. The data in the tables give the user an idea of the range in design effects for selected response variables from this data tape. If a response variable is not one shown in the tables take the range into account; it is possible that a user could have one of the higher, rather than one of the lower, design effects. VARIABLES AND THEIR CATEGORIES Sociodemographic Data - Sample Person (Pos. 1-99) Source Source: Family Questionnaire (FQ) Household Screener Questionnaire (HSQ) 1-5 Sample Person Sequence Number 7462 Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 1-5 Sample person sequence number7462 00001-09894 Mexican Americans 7462 - - 10002-12238 Cuban Americans - 1357 - 13001-16785 Puerto Ricans - - 2834 6-12 Blank - Positions 6-12 Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 6-12 Blank 13 Portion of Survey Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 13 Portion of survey 1 Mexican-American (M) 7462 - - 2 Cuban-American (C) - 1357 - 3 Puerto Rican (P) - - 2834 14 Family Questionnaire Missing Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 14 Family Questionnaire missing 1 Yes 21 6 10 See Note 1 2 No 7441 1351 2824 15 Version Number Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 15 Version number 7462 1357 2834 2 16 Examination Status Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 16 Examination status 1 Examined 7462 1357 2834 See Note 2 2 Not examined 0 0 0 17 Language of Interview Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 17 Language of interview (Pos. 1-400) FQ 1 English 4513 244 1229 2 Spanish 2929 1107 1595 Blank 20 6 10 18-21 Date of Interview Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Date of interview HSQ 4 18-19 01-12 Month 7462 1357 2834 20-21 82-84 Year 7462 1357 2834 22-25 Date of Examination Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Date of examination From survey control record 22-23 01-12 Month 7462 1357 2834 24-25 82-84 Year 7462 1357 2834 26-29 Date of Birth Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Date of birth HSQ 2e 26-27 01-12 Month 7462 1357 2834 88 Blank but applicable 0 0 0 28-29 08-84 Year 7462 1357 2834 88 Blank but applicable 0 0 0 30-31 Age at Interview (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 30-31 Age at interview (computed) 01-74 (See next column for units) 7462 1357 2834 32 Age at Interview Units Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 32 Age at interview units HSQ 2f 1 Years 7342 1349 2796 2 Months 120 8 38 33-38 Age at Examination (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Age at examination (computed) Positions 33-38 are all 0 for non- examined persons. 33-34 00-75 Years 7462 1357 2834 35-36 00-11 Months 7462 1357 2834 37-38 00-30 Days 7462 1357 2834 39-43 Family Number Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 39-43 Family number See Note 3 00002-03529 7462 - - 04005-04922 - 1357 - 07001-08584 - - 2834 44-45 Relationship to Head of Family Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 44-45 What is sample person's relationship HSQ 2b to head of family? Sample person is: See Note 4 01 Head of family living alone (1 145 56 113 family with only 1 member) 02 Head of family, with no related 76 23 24 persons in household (2+ persons in household) 03 Head of family, with related 1582 369 678 persons in household 04 Wife of head (husband living at 1299 300 296 home and not in Armed Forces) 05 Wife of head (husband living at 5 0 0 home and is in Armed Forces) 06 Husband of head (wife living at 35 12 37 home and not in Armed Forces) 07 Husband of head (wife living at 0 0 0 home and is in Armed Forces) 08 Child of head or head's spouse 3769 484 1437 09 Grandchild of head or head's 217 32 115 spouse 10 Parent of head or head's spouse 57 35 33 11 Other relative (includes ex- 273 46 101 spouse, daughter-in-law, etc.) 12 Foster child 4 0 0 46 Sex Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 46 Sex FQ B-4 1 Male 3516 636 1237 2 Female 3946 721 1597 47 Observed Race Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 47 Observed race FQ B-5 1 White 7213 1300 2462 See Note 5 2 Black 76 15 152 3 Other 8 3 73 8 Blank but applicable 72 15 59 9 Not observed 72 18 78 Blank 21 6 10 48-49 National Origin or Ancestry Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 48-49 Sample person's national origin or HSQ 2c ancestry. See Note 6 01 Mexican/Mexicano 1641 1 1 02 Mexican-American 5202 0 0 03 Chicano 102 0 0 04 Puerto Rican 7 3 2596 05 Boricuan 0 0 36 06 Cuban 4 1069 20 07 Cuban-American 0 222 0 08 Hispano - specify 150 14 26 09 Other Latin-American or other 37 18 41 Spanish - specify 00 Other - specify 276 30 114 10 Spanish-American 22 0 0 11 Spanish (Spain) 21 0 0 50-52 State or Foreign Country Born Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 50-52 In what state or foreign country FQ B-6 was sample person born? See Note 7 001-118 State/country code 7403 1345 2771 888 Blank but applicable 38 6 53 Blank 21 6 10 53 National Origin Recode Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 53 National origin recode See Note 8 "Hispanic" = Mexican-American in Southwest, Cuban-American in Florida and Puerto Rican in New York City area. 1 "Hispanic" 7197 1291 2645 2 Not "Hispanic" 265 66 189 54-55 Highest Grade/Year of Regular School Attended Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 54-55 What is the highest grade or year of FQ B-7 regular school sample person has ever attended? 00 Never attended or kinder- 1476 116 446 garten only 01-08 Elementary grade 3118 556 1090 09-12 High school grade 2119 400 1011 13-16 College 581 243 225 17 Graduate school 70 30 14 88 Blank but applicable 77 6 38 Blank 21 6 10 56 Finish Highest Grade/Class? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 56 Did sample person finish that FQ B-8 grade/year? 1 Yes 3938 853 1436 2 No 1934 368 861 8 Blank but applicable 93 14 81 Blank 1497 122 456 57 Married, Widowed, Divorced, Separated, Never Married? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 57 Is sample person now married, FQ B-9 widowed, divorced, separated, or has he or she never been married? 0 Under 14 years of age 2953 297 1000 1 Married - spouse in household 2600 632 660 2 Married - spouse not in household 70 17 54 3 Widowed 161 50 66 4 Divorced 214 92 155 5 Separated 159 21 149 6 Never married 1265 241 730 8 Blank but applicable 19 1 10 Blank 21 6 10 58 Serve in U.S. Armed Forces? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 58 Did sample person ever serve in the FQ B-11 Armed Forces of the United States? 1 Yes 416 27 145 2 No 3557 952 1409 8 Blank but applicable 7 3 14 Blank 3482 375 1266 59 Past 2 Weeks, Work at Job or Business? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 59 During the past 2 weeks, did sample FQ B-12 person work at any time at a job or business, not counting work around the house? 1 Yes 2210 622 613 2 No 1751 349 930 8 Blank but applicable 19 11 25 Blank 3482 375 1266 60 Have Job or Business Past 2 Weeks? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 60 Even though sample person did not FQ B-13 work during those 2 weeks, did he or she have a job or business? 1 Yes 46 13 23 2 No 1704 334 902 8 Blank but applicable 20 13 30 Blank 5692 997 1879 61 Looking for Work or on Layoff from a Job? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 61 Was sample person looking for work FQ B-14 or on layoff from a job? 1 Yes 217 43 60 2 No 1533 304 865 8 Blank but applicable 20 13 30 Blank 5692 997 1879 62 Which, Looking for Work or on Layoff from Job or Both? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 62 Which, looking for work or on layoff FQ B-15 from a job or both? 1 Looking 146 34 44 2 Layoff 46 6 8 3 Both 23 2 7 8 Blank but applicable 22 14 31 Blank 7225 1301 2744 63-65 Kind of Business or Industry Work for Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 63-65 What kind of business or industry FQ B-19 does sample person work for? See Note 9 010-932 Industry code 2429 665 681 990 Blank but applicable 49 18 37 Blank 4984 674 2116 66-68 Kind of Work Doing Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 66-68 What kind of work was sample FQ B-20 person doing? See Note 9 003-889 Occupation code 2432 666 681 999 Blank but applicable 46 17 37 Blank 4984 674 2116 69 Class of Worker Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 69 Class of worker FQ B-22 1 An employee of a private company, 1912 543 551 business or individual for wages, salary, or commission 2 A Federal government employee 74 6 21 3 A State government employee 124 19 17 4 A Local government employee 169 17 56 5 Self-employed in own incorporated 17 12 7 business or professional practice 6 Self-employed in own unincorpora- 131 67 27 ted business, professional practice, or farm 7 Working without pay in family 3 0 0 business or farm 8 Blank but applicable 46 18 38 0 Never worked or never worked at a 2 1 1 full-time civilian job lasting 2 weeks or more Blank 4984 674 2116 70 Covered by Medicare? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 70 Is sample person now covered by FQ C-2 Medicare? 1 Covered 303 107 139 2 Not covered 7129 1237 2674 8 Blank but applicable 6 6 11 9 Don't know 3 1 0 Blank 21 6 10 71 Cov. by Part of Social Security Medicare Paying Hosp. Bills? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 71 Is sample person now covered by the FQ C-3 part of Social Security Medicare which pays for hospital bills? 1 Yes 270 100 124 2 No 18 4 5 8 Blank but applicable 15 6 20 9 Don't know 6 3 1 Blank 7153 1244 2684 72 Covered by Part of Medicare Paying for Doctor's Bills? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 72 Is sample person now covered by that FQ C-4 part of Medicare which pays for doctor's bills? This is the Medi- care plan for which he or she or some agency must pay a certain amount each month. 1 Yes 269 100 111 2 No 17 5 17 8 Blank but applicable 15 6 20 9 Don't know 8 2 2 Blank 7153 1244 2684 73 Type of Medicare Coverage Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 73 Type of Medicare coverage FQ C-5 As shown on Medicare card 1 Hospital 0 0 0 2 Medical 2 0 0 3 Card not available 3 0 2 4 Hospital and medical 5 3 0 8 Blank but applicable 15 6 20 Blank 7437 1348 2812 74 Cov. by Health Ins. Plan Paying for Hosp./Doc./Surgeon's Bill Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes HEALTH INSURANCE See Note 10 74 Is sample person covered by any FQ C-11 health insurance plan which pays any part of a hospital, doctor's, or surgeon's bill? 1 Yes 4094 818 1011 2 No 3326 526 1796 8 Blank but applicable 13 7 16 9 Don't know 8 0 1 Blank 21 6 10 75 Covered by Plan Paying Part of Hospital Expenses? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 75 Is sample person covered by a plan FQ C-9 that pays any part of hospital expenses? 1 Yes 4039 806 955 2 No 6 7 9 8 Blank but applicable 54 12 55 9 Don't know 8 0 8 Blank 3355 532 1807 76 Cov. by Plan Paying Part of Doc./Surgeon Bills for Operations Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 76 Is sample person covered by a plan FQ C-10 that pays any part of a doctor's or surgeon's bills for operations? 1 Yes 4034 804 945 2 No 22 11 28 8 Blank but applicable 36 10 35 9 Don't know 15 0 19 Blank 3355 532 1807 77-78 Main Reason Why Don't Carry Health Insurance Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Many people do not carry health FQ C-13/15 insurance for various reasons. Which of these statements describes why sample person is not covered by any health insurance (or Medicare)? (Positions 77-80) 77-78 Main Reason 01 Care received through Medicaid 267 31 854 or Welfare 02 Unemployed, or reasons related 350 40 114 to unemployment 03 Can't obtain insurance because 24 2 15 of poor health, illness or age 04 Too expensive, can't afford 1767 280 506 health insurance 05 Dissatisfied with previous 50 3 3 isurance 06 Don't believe in insurance 31 4 8 07 Have been healthy, not much sick- 206 23 31 ness in the family, haven't needed health insurance 08 Military dependent, (CHAMPUS), 45 1 15 Veteran's benefits 09 Some other reason - not specified 2 0 7 10 Some other reason - specified 255 35 58 88 Blank but applicable 118 34 77 Blank 4347 904 1146 79-80 Second Reason Why Don't Carry Health Insurance Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Many people do not carry health FQ C-13/15 insurance for various reasons. Which of these statements describes why sample person is not covered by any health insurance (or Medicare)? (Positions 77-80) 79-80 Second Reason 00 No second reason reported 2573 339 1374 01 Care received through Medicaid 70 17 58 or Welfare 02 Unemployed or reasons related to 109 30 30 unemployment 03 Can't obtain insurance because of 4 2 3 poor health, illness or age 04 Too expensive, can't afford 168 20 132 health insurance 05 Dissatisfied with previous 15 1 2 insurance 06 Don't believe in insurance 18 3 3 07 Have been health, not much sick- 47 4 8 ness in the family, haven't needed health insurance 08 Military dependent, (CHAMPUS), 0 0 2 Veteran's benefits 09 Some other reason - not specified 0 0 0 10 Some other reason - specified 25 8 7 88 Blank but applicable 86 29 69 Blank 4347 904 1146 81-87 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 81-87 Blank 88 Last 12 Mo., Received Health Care Paid by Medicaid? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 88 During the last 12 months, has sample FQ D-6 person received health care which has been or will be paid for by Medicaid? 1 Yes 537 101 1076 2 No 6859 1242 1708 8 Blank but applicable 45 7 40 9 Don't know 0 1 0 Blank 21 6 10 89 Have Medicaid Card? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 89 Does sample person have a Medicaid FQ D-8 card? 1 Yes 530 104 1144 2 No 6872 1232 1647 8 Blank but applicable 39 15 33 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 90 Status of Medicaid Card Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 90 Status of sample person's Medicaid FQ D-9 card? 1 Medicaid card seen - current 382 84 832 2 Medicaid card seen - expired 7 0 12 3 No card seen 128 17 274 4 Other card seen 0 0 0 5 Other card seen (specify) 5 0 2 8 Blank but applicable 47 18 57 Blank 6893 1238 1657 91 Cov. by Other Public Assistance Program Paying Health Care? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 91 Is sample person now covered by any FQ D-11 other public assistance program that pays for health care? 1 Yes 54 2 28 2 No 7376 1348 2780 8 Blank but applicable 11 1 15 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 92 Armed Forces Retirement Pay or Pension from Vet. Admin.? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 92 Does sample person now receive FQ D-13 military retirement payments from any branch of the Armed Forced or a pension from the Veteran's Admini- stration? Do not include VA disa- bility compensation. 1 Yes 56 4 9 2 No 7373 1346 2806 8 Blank but applicable 12 1 9 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 93 Armed Forces Retirement, VA Pension, or Both? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 93 Which does sample person receive: FQ D-14 the Armed Forces retirement; the VA pension; or both? 1 Armed Forces 16 0 2 2 Veteran's Administration 30 0 5 3 Both 4 4 1 8 Blank but applicable 18 1 10 Blank 7394 1352 2816 94 Covered by CHAMP-VA? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 94 Is sample person now covered by FQ D-16 CHAMP-VA, which is medical insurance for dependents or survivors of dis- abled veterans? 1 Yes 45 4 10 2 No 7388 1346 2806 8 Blank but applicable 8 1 6 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 95 Cov. by Prog. Prov. Health Care for Military Dep./Survivors? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 95 Is sample person now covered by any FQ D-18 other program that provides health care for military dependents or sur- vivors of military persons? 1 Yes 41 4 8 2 No 7387 1346 2804 8 Blank but applicable 13 1 12 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 96 Included in AFDC, "Aid to Families With Dependent Children"? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 96 Is sample person included in the FQ D-2 AFDC, "Aid to Families With Dependent Children", assistance payment? 1 Yes 394 39 650 2 No 7020 1304 2134 8 Blank but applicable 27 6 39 9 Don't know 0 2 1 Blank 21 6 10 97 Receive "Supplemental Sec. Income" ("SSI") Gold-Colored Check Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 97 Does sample person now receive the FQ D-4 "Supplemental Security Income" or "SSI" gold-colored check? 1 Yes 131 44 135 2 No 7285 1295 2659 8 Blank but applicable 25 12 30 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 98 Disability Related to Service in U.S. Armed Forces? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 98 Does sample person have a disability FQ D-20 related to his or her service in the Armed Forces of the United States? 1 Yes 48 2 14 2 No 346 20 108 8 Blank but applicable 29 8 37 Blank 7039 1327 2675 99 Receive Compensation for Disability from Veteran's Admin.? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 99 Does sample person now receive com- FQ D-21 pensation for this disability from the Veteran's Administration? 1 Yes 31 1 9 2 No 17 1 4 8 Blank but applicable 29 8 38 Blank 7385 1347 2783 Sociodemographic Data - Head of Family (Pos. 100-131) Source Source: Family Questionnaire (FQ) Household Screener Questionnaire (HSQ) 100 Interview & Examination Status Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 100 Interview and examination status of See Note 4 head of family 1 Selected as sample person, 5523 1076 2098 interviewed on Adult Sample Person Questionnaire, and examined 2 Selected as sample person, 338 62 79 interviewed on Adult Sample Person Questionnaire, but not examined 3 Selected as sample person, not 218 34 23 interviewed, and not examined 4 Not selected as sample person 1362 179 624 Blank 21 6 10 101 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 101 Blank 102-105 Date of Birth Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Date of birth HSQ 2e 102-103 01-12 Month 7413 1348 2830 88 Blank but applicable 49 9 4 104-105 08-86, 89-88 Year 7440 1353 2832 88 Blank but applicable 22 4 2 106-107 Age at Interview Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 106-107 Age at interview 17-95 Years 7462 1357 2834 108 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 108 Blank 109 Sex Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 109 Sex FQ B-4 1 Male 5982 1069 1331 2 Female 1460 282 1493 Blank 20 6 10 110 Observed Race Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 110 Observed race FQ B-5 1 White 7138 1282 2511 See Note 5 2 Black 75 27 165 3 Other 6 3 58 8 Blank but applicable 106 31 59 9 Not observed 117 8 31 Blank 20 6 10 111-112 National Origin or Ancestry Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 111-112 Head of family's national origin HSQ 2c or ancestry. See Note 6 01 Mexican/Mexicano 2068 0 3 02 Mexican-American 4523 0 0 03 Chicano 97 0 0 04 Puerto Rican 19 7 2503 05 Boricuan 0 0 29 06 Cuban 6 1197 46 07 Cuban-American 0 85 2 08 Hispano - specify 147 20 37 09 Other Latin-American or other 54 17 39 Spanish - specify 00 Other - specify 513 31 175 10 Spanish-American 17 0 0 11 Spanish (Spain) 18 0 0 113-115 State/Foreign Country Born Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 113-115 In what state or foreign country FQ B-6 was head of family born? See Note 7 001-118 State/country code 7362 1331 2762 888 Blank but applicable 80 20 62 Blank 20 6 10 116-117 Highest Grade/Year of Regular School Attended Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 116-117 What is the highest grade or year FQ B-7 of regular school head of family has ever attended? 00 Never attended or kinder- 250 7 35 garten only 01-08 Elementary grade 2959 511 889 09-12 High school grade 2896 411 1445 13-16 College 1002 336 363 17 Graduate school 170 57 41 88 Blank but applicable 165 29 51 Blank 20 6 10 118 Finish Highest Grade/Year? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 118 Did head of family finish that FQ B-8 grade/year? 1 Yes 5710 1171 2210 2 No 1316 137 492 8 Blank but applicable 166 36 87 Blank 270 13 45 119 Married, Widowed, Divorced, Separated, or Never Married? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 119 Is head of family now married, FQ B-9 widowed, divorced, separated, or has he or she never been married? 0 Under 14 0 0 0 1 Married - spouse in household 5706 1059 1295 2 Married - spouse not in household 129 9 129 3 Widowed 333 48 133 4 Divorced 492 136 376 5 Separated 388 28 452 6 Never married 320 56 418 8 Blank but applicable 74 15 21 Blank 20 6 10 120 Serve in U.S. Armed Forces? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 120 Did head of family ever serve in FQ B-11 the Armed Forces of the United States? 1 Yes 1478 64 383 2 No 5883 1265 2400 8 Blank but applicable 81 22 41 Blank 20 6 10 121 Past 2 Wks., Work at Job/Business? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 121 During the past 2 weeks, did head FQ B-12 of family work at any time at a job or business, not counting work around the house? 1 Yes 5443 1019 1283 2 No 1923 305 1504 8 Blank but applicable 76 27 37 Blank 20 6 10 122 Past 2 Wks., Have Job/Business? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 122 Even though head of family did not FQ B-13 work during those 2 weeks, did he or she have a job or business? 1 Yes 101 19 28 2 No 1822 286 1476 8 Blank but applicable 76 27 37 Blank 5463 1025 1293 123 Looking for Work or on Layoff from Job? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 123 Was head of family looking for work FQ B-14 or on layoff from a job? 1 Yes 510 61 118 2 No 1413 244 1384 8 Blank but applicable 76 27 39 Blank 5463 1025 1293 124 Which, Looking for Work, on Layoff from Job, or Both? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 124 Which, looking for work or on FQ B-15 layoff from a job or both? 1 Looking 270 43 69 2 Layoff 151 12 26 3 Both 85 3 17 8 Blank but applicable 80 30 45 Blank 6876 1269 2677 125-127 Kind of Business/Industry Work for Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 125-127 What kind of business or industry FQ B-19 does head of family work for? See Note 9 010-932 Industry code 5980 1080 1395 990 Blank but applicable 118 28 62 Blank 1364 249 1377 128-130 Kind of Work Doing Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 128-130 What kind of work was head of FQ B-20 family doing? See Note 9 003-889 Occupation code 5988 1080 1391 999 Blank but applicable 110 28 66 Blank 1364 249 1377 131 Class of Worker Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 131 Class of worker FQ B-22 1 Employee of a private company, 4702 842 1058 business or individual for wages, salary, or commission 2 A Federal government employee 219 4 45 3 A State government employee 246 12 54 4 A Local government employee 359 22 169 5 Self-employed in own incorpora- 49 25 14 ted business or professional practice 6 Self-employed in own unincor- 420 171 56 porated business, profes- sional practice, or farm 7 Working without pay in family 0 0 0 business or farm 8 Blank but applicable 99 32 60 0 Never worked or never worked at 4 0 1 a full-ime civilian job lasting 2 weeks or more Blank 1364 249 1377 Family Composition and Income Data (Pos. 132-162) Source Source: Family Questionnaire (FQ) 132-133 Number Persons in Family Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 132-133 Number of persons in family (computed) 01-18 Persons 7462 1357 2834 134-135 Number Sample Persons in Family Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 134-135 Number of sample persons in family (computed) 01-13 Persons 7462 1357 2834 136 Total Combined Family Income Past 12 Mo. < > $20,000? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 136 Was the total combined family FQ E-10 income during the past 12 months more or less than $20,000? Include money from jobs, Social Security, retirement income, unemployment pay- ments, public assistance, and so forth. Also include income net from interest, dividends, income from business, farm or rent, and any other money income received. 1 $20,000 or more 2353 536 578 2 Less than $20,000 4856 795 2193 7 Refused information 31 1 7 8 Blank but applicable 202 19 46 Blank 20 6 10 137-138 Income Group Representing Combined Family Income Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 137-138 Of those income groups, which best FQ E-11 represents the total combined family income during the past 12 months? Include wages, salaries, and other items we just talked about. (in dollars) 01 Less than 1,000 40 8 7 02 1,000 - 1,999 107 10 33 03 2,000 - 2,999 143 25 68 04 3,000 - 3,999 182 28 132 05 4,000 - 4,999 184 34 250 06 5,000 - 5,999 234 45 202 07 6,000 - 6,999 312 35 213 08 7,000 - 7,999 314 46 169 09 8,000 - 8,999 284 42 106 10 9,000 - 9,999 263 52 125 11 10,000 - 10,999 282 72 139 12 11,000 - 11,999 250 47 75 13 12,000 - 12,999 296 54 100 14 13,000 - 13,999 186 32 64 15 14,000 - 14,999 254 25 66 16 15,000 - 15,999 208 36 77 17 16,000 - 16,999 209 34 51 18 17,000 - 17,999 231 37 66 19 18,000 - 18,999 333 28 82 20 19,000 - 19,999 240 55 79 21 20,000 - 24,999 694 148 152 22 25,000 - 29,999 585 83 124 23 30,000 - 34,999 358 78 92 24 35,000 - 39,999 257 64 43 25 40,000 - 44,999 192 48 36 26 45,000 - 49,999 84 43 30 27 50,000 and over 107 55 54 77 Refused information 76 10 43 88 Blank but applicable 537 77 146 139-143 Per Capita Income (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 139-143 Per capita income (computed) See Note 11 00083-50000 Dollars 6829 1264 2636 88888 Blank but applicable 613 87 189 Blank 20 6 9 144-146 Poverty Index (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 144-146 Poverty index (computed) See Note 12 Decimal not shown on tape 0.04-9.78 6829 1264 2636 999 Blank but applicable 613 87 189 Blank 20 6 9 147 Member of Family Receive Government Food Stamps? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 147 Did any member of this family FQ E-12 receive any Government food stamps in any of the past 12 months? 1 Yes 1651 234 1344 2 No 5783 1115 1474 8 Blank but applicable 8 2 6 Blank 20 6 10 148-149 Number of Months Member Received Food Stamps Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 148-149 In how many months of the past 12 FQ E-13 months did any member of this family receive food stamps? 01-12 Months 1631 234 1335 88 Blank but applicable 28 2 15 Blank 5803 1121 1484 150 Family Receive Government Food Stamps Last Month? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 150 Did this family receive any FQ E-14 government food stamps last month? 1 Yes 1345 187 1290 2 No 303 47 50 8 Blank but applicable 11 2 10 Blank 5803 1121 1484 151-152 When did Member of Family Last Receive Food Stamps? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 151-152 In which month did any member of FQ E-15 this family last receive food stamps? 01-12 Months 298 47 50 88 Blank but applicable 16 2 10 Blank 7148 1308 2774 153-154 Number Persons for which Food Stamps Authorized Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 153-154 For how many persons were those FQ E-16 food stamps authorized? 01-13 Persons 1641 234 1337 88 Blank but applicable 18 2 13 Blank 5803 1121 1484 155-157 Face Value of Food Stamps Received by Family That Month Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 155-157 What was the total face value of FQ E-17 those food stamps received by this family in that month? 010-520 Dollars 1567 230 1325 888 Blank but applicable 92 6 25 Blank 5803 1121 1484 158 Family Spend More for Food than Value of Food Stamps? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 158 Did this family spend more for food FQ E-18 in that month than the value of your food stamps? 1 Yes 1405 194 1279 2 No 231 40 64 8 Blank but applicable 23 2 7 Blank 5803 1121 1484 159-161 How Much More? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 159-161 How much more? FQ E-19 003-880 Dollars 1314 182 1258 888 Blank but applicable 114 14 28 Blank 6034 1161 1548 162 Family Receiving Food Stamps at Present Time? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 162 Is your family receiving food FQ E-20 stamps at the present time? 1 Yes 1273 175 1269 2 No 6153 1171 1542 8 Blank but applicable 16 5 13 Blank 20 6 10 Residence and Household Data (Pos. 163-183) Source Source: Family Questionnaire (FQ) Household Screener Questionnaire (HSQ) 163 Size of Place Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 163 Size of place See Note 13 1 1 million or more 1049 0 2070 2 500,000 - 999,999 844 0 0 3 250,000 - 499,999 884 467 0 4 100,000 - 249,999 203 364 368 5 50,000 - 99,999 1277 70 76 6 25,000 - 49,999 785 205 216 7 10,000 - 24,999 746 120 79 8 200 - 9,999 1003 88 24 9 Not in a place 671 43 1 164 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 164 Standard Metropolitan Statistical See Note 13 Area 1 In SMSA, in central city 3707 467 2465 2 In SMSA, not in central city 2854 890 369 4 Not in SMSA 901 0 0 165-166 Number of Persons in Household Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 165-166 Number of persons in household HSQ 1a 01-18 Persons 7462 1357 2834 167-168 Number of Sample Persons in Household (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 167-168 Number of sample persons in household (computed) 01-13 Persons 7462 1357 2834 169-170 Number of Rooms in Home Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 169-170 How many rooms are in this home? FQ E-1 Count the kitchen, but not the bathroom. 01-14 Rooms 7433 1350 2816 88 Blank but applicable 9 1 8 Blank 20 6 10 171 Access to Complete Kitchen Facilities in Home? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 171 Do you have access to complete FQ E-2 kitchen facilities in this home; that is, a kitchen sink with piped water, a refrigerator and a range or cookstove? 1 Yes 7136 1315 2548 2 No 83 10 18 8 Blank but applicable 223 26 258 Blank 20 6 10 172-173 Main Fuel Used for Heating Home Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 172-173 What is the main fuel used for FQ E-3 heating this home? See Note 14 00 No fuel used 538 231 16 01 Oil 4 0 1988 02 Natural gas 5955 78 718 03 Electricity 604 1027 37 04 Bottled gas (propane) 174 2 0 05 Kerosene 13 3 0 06 Wood 98 3 0 07 Coal 0 0 14 08 Other, not specified 0 0 2 09 Other, specified 11 0 8 88 Blank but applicable 45 7 41 Blank 20 6 10 174-175 Main Heating Equipment for Home Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 174-175 What is the main heating equipment FQ E-4 for this home? See Note 14 00 No heating equipment used 538 231 20 01 Steam or hot water with 44 5 1450 radiators or convectors 02 Central warm air furnace with 2677 542 180 ducts to individual rooms, or central heat pump 03 Built-in electric units (per- 474 323 63 manently installed in wall, ceiling or baseboard) 04 Floor, wall or pipeless furnace 1598 46 21 05 Room heaters with flue or vent, 805 17 596 burning oil, gas, or kerosene 06 Room heaters without flue or 847 6 425 vent, burning oil, gas, or kerosene 07 Heating stove burning wood, 88 0 9 coal or coke 08 Fireplace(s) 91 4 0 09 Portable electric heater(s) 139 137 4 10 Other, not specified 0 0 0 11 Other, specified 114 35 16 88 Blank but applicable 1 5 23 99 Don't know 26 0 17 Blank 20 6 10 176-177 Other Types of Equipment Used for Heating Home? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 176-177 Are any other types of equipment FQ E-5 used for heating this home? See Note 14 00 No other heating equipment used 6057 1073 2350 01 Steam or hot water with 0 0 13 radiators or convectors 02 Central warm air furnace with 11 15 7 ducts to individual rooms, or central heat pump 03 Built-in electric units (per- 24 0 2 manently installed in wall, ceiling or baseboard) 04 Floor, wall or pipeless furnace 11 0 0 05 Room heaters with flue or vent, 22 0 3 burning oil, gas, or kerosene 06 Room heaters without flue or 22 1 29 vent, burning oil, gas, or kerosene 07 Heating stove burning wood, 70 0 8 coal or coke 08 Fireplace(s) 449 8 9 09 Portable electric heater(s) 186 18 351 10 Other, not specified 4 2 3 11 Other, specified 18 2 4 88 Blank but applicable 30 1 25 Blank 558 237 30 178-179 Main Fuel Used by Additional Equipment Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 178-179 What is the main fuel used by this FQ E-6 additional equipment? See Note 14 00 No fuel used 2 0 2 01 Oil 0 0 20 02 Natural gas 96 2 27 03 Electricity 214 35 345 04 Bottled gas (propane) 9 0 1 05 Kerosene 2 0 25 06 Wood 471 8 11 07 Coal 2 0 0 08 Other, not specified 0 0 0 09 Other, specified 7 0 0 88 Blank but applicable 44 2 3 Blank 6615 1310 2380 180-181 Main Fuel Used for Cooking in Home Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 180-181 What is the main fuel used for FQ E-7 cooking in this home? 00 No fuel used 21 4 4 01 Oil 14 0 31 02 Natural gas 5899 253 2603 03 Electricity 1295 1083 148 04 Bottled gas (propane) 182 8 12 05 Kerosene 0 0 3 06 Wood 0 0 0 07 Coal 0 0 0 08 Other, not specified 0 0 0 09 Other, specified 14 1 0 88 Blank but applicable 17 2 23 Blank 20 6 10 182 Have Air-Conditioning? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 182 Do you have air-conditioning - FQ E-8 either individual room units, a central system or evaporative cooling? 1 Yes 3583 1254 653 2 No 3845 96 2153 8 Blank but applicable 14 1 18 Blank 20 6 10 183 Which Kind of Air-Conditioning? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 183 Which do you have? FQ E-9 1 Individual room unit 1625 583 613 2 Central air-conditioning 1233 660 22 3 Evaporative cooling 719 6 10 8 Blank but applicable 20 6 26 Blank 3865 102 2163 Sample Weights (Pos. 184-217) 184-189 Examined Final Weight Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 184-189 Examined final weight 000439-002711 7462 - - 000223-000891 - 1357 - 000177-002000 - - 2834 190-195 Interview Final Weight Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 190-195 Interview final weight 000447-002096 7462 - - 000176-000604 - 1357 - 000175-001220 - - 2834 196-213 GTT/Ultrasound, Audiometry/Vision, Pesticide Weights Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes GTT/ULTRASOUND, AUDIOMETRY/VISION, PESTICIDE WEIGHTS By design, only some of the persons in the sample were included in the GTT/ultrasound, audiometry/vision, and pesticide components of the survey. Tape positions for those persons not part of these subsamples are BLANK. 196-201 GTT/ultrasound weight 000843-005302 1777 - - 000469-001685 - 449 - 000349-003110 5685 908 2167 Blank - - 667 202-207 Audiometry/vision weight 000507-006283 4431 - - 000223-001600 - 804 - 000264-003123 - - 1759 Blank 3031 553 1075 208-213 Pesticide weight 000872-005584 2465 - - 000441-001600 - 568 - 000343-003117 - - 1012 Blank 4997 789 1822 214-215 Strata Code Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 214-215 Strata code 01-08 7462 1357 2834 216-217 Pseudo PSU Code Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 216-217 Pseudo PSU code 01-02 7462 1357 2834 Family Relationships (Pos. 218-400) Source Source: Adult Sample Person Questionnaire Family Questionnaire 218-400 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 218-400 Blank Data not yet available Blood and Urine Assessments (Pos. 401-556) 401-404 Tape Number 6511 Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 401-404 Tape number 6511 7462 1357 2834 405 Blood Specimen Collection Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 405 Blood specimen collection Collected 1 Venipuncture 6277 1202 2285 2 Capillary 651 53 201 Not collected 3 Refused 448 96 282 4 Unsuccessful venipuncture 83 6 49 5 Other 3 0 17 406 Session Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 406 Session 1 Morning 3562 642 1247 2 Afternoon 1653 294 793 3 Evening 1713 319 446 Blank 534 102 348 Hematology 407-409 Hematocrit Hematology (Positions 407-428; ages 6 months-74 years) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 407-409 Hematocrit Decimal not shown on tape 23.5-58.0 Percent 6914 1255 2481 888 Blank, but applicable 14 0 5 Blank 534 102 348 410-412 Hemoglobin Hematology (Positions 407-428; ages 6 months-74 years) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 410-412 Hemoglobin Decimal not shown on tape 06.4-19.9 Grams per deciliter (g/dL) 6844 1254 2475 888 Blank, but applicable 84 1 11 Blank 534 102 348 413-415 Red Blood Cell Count Hematology (Positions 407-428; ages 6 months-74 years) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 413-415 Red blood cell count Decimal not shown on tape 2.23-6.77 X 1012/liter 6797 1251 2412 888 Blank, but applicable 131 4 74 Blank 534 102 348 416-418 White Blood Cell Count Hematology (Positions 407-428; ages 6 months-74 years) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 416-418 White blood cell count Decimal not shown on tape 02.6-26.9 X 109/liter 6834 1250 2414 888 Blank, but applicable 94 5 72 Blank 534 102 348 419-422 Mean Corpuscular Volume Hematology (Positions 407-428; ages 6 months-74 years) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 419-422 Mean corpuscular volume Decimal not shown on tape 055.2-121.1 Femtoliters (fL) 6795 1251 2409 8888 Blank, but applicable 133 4 77 Blank 534 102 348 423-425 Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Hematology (Positions 407-428; ages 6 months-74 years) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 423-425 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin Decimal not shown on tape 15.3-44.4 Picograms (pg) 6789 1251 2411 888 Blank, but applicable 139 4 75 Blank 534 102 348 426-428 Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration Hematology (Positions 407-428; ages 6 months-74 years) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 426-428 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration Decimal not shown on tape 24.6-47.2 Grams per deciliter (g/dL) 6843 1254 2472 888 Blank, but applicable 85 1 14 Blank 534 102 348 429-431 Serum Iron Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in Positions 429-456 were done on persons ages 4-74 years unless otherwise noted. 429-431 Serum iron 016-380 Micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL) 6040 1190 2240 888 Blank, but applicable 234 11 38 Blank 1188 156 556 432-434 Serum Total Iron-Binding Capacity Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in Positions 429-456 were done on persons ages 4-74 years unless otherwise noted. 432-434 Serum total iron-binding capacity 183-719 Micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL) 5828 1184 2220 888 Blank, but applicable 446 17 58 Blank 1188 156 556 435-438 Transferrin Saturation (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in Positions 429-456 were done on persons ages 4-74 years unless otherwise noted. 435-438 Transferrin saturation (computed) Decimal not shown on tape 002.8-097.5 Percent 5826 1184 2219 8888 Blank, but applicable 448 17 59 Blank 1188 156 556 439-441 Serum Vitamin A Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in Positions 429-456 were done on persons ages 4-74 years unless otherwise noted. 439-441 Serum vitamin A 006-165 Micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL) 5933 1178 2232 888 Blank, but applicable 341 23 46 Blank 1188 156 556 442-445 Serum Vitamin E Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in Positions 429-456 were done on persons ages 4-74 years unless otherwise noted. 442-445 Serum vitamin E 0106-6948 Micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL) 5931 1178 2232 8888 Blank, but applicable343 23 46 Blank 1188 156 556 446-449 Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in Positions 429-456 were done on persons ages 4-74 years unless otherwise noted. 446-449 Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (Ages 6 months-74 years) 0017-1580 Micrograms per deciliter 6754 1227 2461 red blood cell (ug/dL RBC) 8888 Blank, but applicable 174 28 25 Blank 534 102 348 450-452 Lead Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in Positions 429-456 were done on persons ages 4-74 years unless otherwise noted. 450-452 Lead (Ages 6 months-74 years) 001-125 Micrograms per deciliter (ug/dL) 6266 1243 2344 888 Blank, but applicable 662 12 142 Blank 534 102 348 453-456 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 453-456 Blank 457-459 Total Serum Cholesterol Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 457-459 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 457-459 Total Serum Cholestrol 076-630 Milligrams per deciliter 3427 865 1258 888 Blank but applicable 58 21 27 Blank 3977 471 1549 460-462 High density lipoprotein cholesterol Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 460-462 High density lipoprotein cholesterol Se 010-138 Milligrams per deciliter 3375 852 1248 888 Blank but applicable 110 34 37 Blank 3977 471 1549 463 HDL Cholesterol serum quality Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 463 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 463 HDL Cholesterol serum quality See Note 17 1 Frozen 3367 843 1248 2 Refrozen 8 9 0 8 Blank but applicable 110 34 37 Blank 3977 471 1549 464-467 Serum triglycerides Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 464-467 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 464-467 Serum triglycerides 0022-3540 Milligrams per deciliter 3146 817 1191 8888 Blank but applicable 339 69 94 Blank 3977 471 1549 468-471 Fasting time Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 468-471 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 468-469 Fasting time 00-23 Hours 1254 275 401 88 Blank but applicable 489 159 243 Blank 5719 923 2190 470-471 Fasting time 00-59 Minutes 1254 275 401 88 Blank but applicable 489 159 243 Blank 5719 923 2190 472-488 Blank 489-492 Serum Ferritin (ages 4-74 years) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 489-492 Serum Ferritin (ages 4-74 years) See Note 18 0001-1668 Nanograms per milliliter 5303 1102 2148 8888 Blank but applicable 971 99 130 Blank 1188 156 556 493-496 RBC Folate (Females ages 18-44 years) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 493-496 RBC Folate (Females ages 18-44 years) See Note 19 0013-2539 Nanomoles per liter 1786 348 777 8888 Blank but applicable 405 38 49 Blank 5271 971 2008 497-500 Serum Folate (Females ages 18-44 years) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 497-500 Serum Folate (Females ages 18-44 years) See Note 19 Decimal not shown on tape 000.5-070.8 Nanomoles per liter 1860 362 764 8888 Blank but applicable 331 24 62 Blank 5271 971 2008 Clinical Chemistry Profile Assessments 501-503 Sodium Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 501-503 Sodium See Note 20 096-150 Milliequivalents per liter 3211 858 1136 (mEq/L) 888 Blank but applicable .274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 504-505 Potassium Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 504-505 Potassium See Note 20 Decimal not shown on tape 2.6-5.8 Milliequivalents per liter 3211 858 1136 (mEq/L) 88 Blank but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 506-508 Chloride Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 506-508 Chloride See Note 20 079-129 Milliequivalents per liter 3211 858 1136 (mEq/L) 888 Blank but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 509-510 Total COZ Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 509-510 Total COZ 16-43 Milliequivalents per liter 3211 858 1136 (mEq/L) 88 Blank but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 511-513 Calcium Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 511-513 Calcium Decimal not shown on tape 06.5-14-1 Milliqrams per deciliter 3211 858 1136 (mg/dl) 888 Blank but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 514-516 Inorganic Phosphorus Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 514-516 Inorganic Phosphorus Decimal not shown on tape 01.0-08.0 Milligrams per deciliter 3211 858 1136 (mg/dl) 888 Blank but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 517-519 Uric Acid Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 517-519 Uric Acid Decimal not shown on tape 00.2-12.9 Milligrams per deciliter 3211 858 1136 (mg/dl) 888 Blank but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 520-522 Glucose Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 520-522 Glucose 050-621 Milligrams per deciliter 3211 858 1136 (mg/dl) 888 Blank but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 523-525 Blood Urea Nitrogen Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 523-525 Blood Urea Nitrogen 004-058 Milligrams per deciliter 3211 858 1136 (mg/dl) 888 Blank but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 526-528 Total Bilirubin Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 526-528 Total Bilirubin Decimal not shown on tape 00.1-03.2 Milligrams per deciliter 3211 858 1136 (mg/dl) 888 Blank but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 529-531 Creatinine Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 529-531 Creatinine Decimal not shown on tape 00.1-10.5 Milligrams per deciliter 3211 858 1136 (mg/dl) 888 Blank but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 532-534 AST Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 532-534 AST See Note 21 002-530 International Units per 3211 858 1136 liter (IU/L) 888 Blank but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 535-537 ALT Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 535-537 ALT See Note 21 002-290 International Units per 3211 858 1136 liter 888 Blank but applicable 274 38 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 538-540 LDI4 Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 538-540 LDI4 See Note 21 019-437 International Units per 3211 858 1136 liter 888 Blank but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 541-543 Alkaline Phosphatase Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 541-543 Alkaline Phosphatase See Note 21 003-321 International Units per 3211 858 1135 liter 888 Blank, but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 544-546 Total Protein Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 544-546 Total Protein Decimal not shown on tape 04.1-10.2 Grams per deciliter 3212 858 1136 (g/dl) 888 Blank but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 547-549 Albumin Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 547-549 Albumin Decimal not shown on tape 02.3-06.0 Grams per deciliter 3211 858 1136 (g/dl) 888 Blank but applicable 274 28 149 Blank 3977 471 1549 Comments regaling quality of serum for Clinical Chemistry Profil 550-551 Comment 1 Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 16 Specimen thawed and 228 0 199 possibly leaked in shipping Blank 7234 1357 2635 552 Comment 2 Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 1 Lipemia 1+ 427 91 137 2 Lipemia 2+ 170 28 54 3 Lipemia 3+ 68 7 24 4 lipemia 4+ 21 1 3 Blank 6776 1230 2616 553 Comment 3 Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 1 Hemolysis 1+ 32 5 10 2 Hemolysis 2+ 7 1 2 3 Hemolysis 3+ 5 0 0 4 Hemolysis 4+ 2 0 0 Blank 7416 1351 2822 554 Comment 4 Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 1 Icteric 1+ 45 8 17 2 Icteric 2+ 9 8 3 Blank 7408 1341 2814 555-556 Comment 5 Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes ATTENTION: Blood assessments in positions 460-462 were done on adults ages 20-74 years. 19 Quality unkown due a 0 0 116 prolonged shipping Blank 7462 1357 2718 GENERAL NOTES, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND BLOOD/URINE DATA Family Questionnaire Missing A Family Questionnaire was to be completed for each eligible family in a household with sample persons. However, a few Family Questionnaires are missing. Data records for sample persons in families with missing questionnaires are flagged with a code = 1, and all family data are blank. Data records for sample persons in families with a Family Questionnaire are flagged with a code = 2. During the Mexican-American portion of the HHANES survey, a Family Questionnaire continuation booklet containing sample person information was lost for one sample person. Therefore, the sociodemographic data for this sample person are missing. The reference person, family composition, income, residence, and household data for this person were obtained from another person in the household. Examination Status Not all sample persons consented to come to a Mobile Examination Center to participate in the examination phase of the survey. In certain rare instances (less than 0.1%), sample persons who came to the Mobile Examination Centers did not participate in sufficient components of the examination to be considered as "examined." This data field contains code = 1 for those persons who participated fully in the examination phase, and code = 2 for those who did not come to the examination center or who did not satisfactorily complete the examination. Family Number In HHANES, all household members who were related by blood, marriage, or adoption were considered to be one "family." All sample persons in the same family unit have the same computer-generated family unit code. Head of Family Relationship of Sample Person to Head of Family (Pos. 44-45) Each family containing sample persons has a designated "head of family," and the relationship of each sample person to the head of his or her family is coded in tape positions 44-45. The first three categories of this variable describe the "head" of three different kinds of families. o Code '01' identifies sample persons who lived alone (i.e., "head" of one-person families, no unrelated individuals living in the household). o Code '02' identifies sample persons who lived only with unrelated persons. o Code '03' identifies sample persons who were "heads" of families containing at least one other person (whether or not the household included additional families unrelated to the sample person). Sociodemographic Data (Pos. 100-131) This data tape includes some sociodemographic data about the head of each sample person's family (Section F). Because there can only be one "head" per family, the data in this section (positions 100-131) are the same for all sample persons in the same family (i.e., with the same family number codes in positions 39-43). If the sample person is the head of his or her family, the data in positions 100-131 are the same as in the corresponding positions in Section E. Observed Race "Race" was observed by the interviewer for all sample persons actually seen. Rules for classification of observed race were consistent with those used in the NHANES II and the National Health Interview Survey at that time. The categories were coded as follows: White Includes Spanish origin persons unless they are definitely Black, Indian or other nonwhite. Black Black or Negro. Other Race other than White or Black, including Japanese, Chinese, American Indian, Korean, Eskimo. National Origin or Ancestry The value for national origin or ancestry is based on Item 2c in the Household Screener Questionnaire and was reported by the household respondent for all household members. In the Mexican-American portion of the survey, if "other Latin-American or other Spanish" (code 9) or "Other" (code 0) was recorded and the specified origin was "Spanish-American" or "Spanish (Spain)", a code of 10 or 11, respectively, was assigned. In all three portions of the survey, if more than one category was reported, the first appropriate "Hispanic" code, if any, was assigned (codes 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, or 11 in the Mexican-American portion; codes 6 or 7 in the Cuban-American portion; codes 4 or 5 in the Puerto Rican portion). If none of these codes was recorded, the first category entered was coded. Codes for States and Foreign Countries Code State or Foreign Country 001 Alabama 002 Alaska 004 Arizona 005 Arkansas 006 California 008 Colorado 009 Connecticut 010 Delaware 011 District of Columbia 012 Florida 013 Georgia 015 Hawaii 016 Idaho 017 Illinois 018 Indiana 019 Iowa 020 Kansas 021 Kentucky 022 Louisiana 023 Maine 024 Maryland 025 Massachusetts 026 Michigan 027 Minnesota 028 Mississippi 029 Missouri 030 Montana 031 Nebraska 032 Nevada 033 New Hampshire 034 New Jersey 035 New Mexico 036 New York 037 North Carolina 038 North Dakota 039 Ohio 040 Oklahoma 041 Oregon 042 Pennsylvania 044 Rhode Island 045 South Carolina 046 South Dakota 047 Tennessee 048 Texas 049 Utah 050 Vermont 051 Virginia 053 Washington 054 West Virginia 055 Wisconsin 056 Wyoming 060 American Samoa 093 Canada 061 Canal Zone 062 Canton and Enderbury Islands 091 Central America 095 Costa Rica 063 Cuba 064 Dominican Republic 065 El Salvador 062 Enderbury Islands 087 Germany 066 Guam 068 Guatemala 069 Haiti 088 Honduras 070 Jamaica 090 Japan 067 Johnston Atoll 080 Mexico 071 Midway Islands 081 Nicaragua 096 Palestine 097 Austria 098 Lebanon 099 Chile 100 Philippines 101 Brazil 102 Holland 103 Colombia 082 Panama 072 Puerto Rico 092 Saudi Arabia 083 Spain 094 Taiwan 089 Turkey 084 Uruguay 085 Venezuela 073 Ryukyu Islands, Southern 074 Swan Islands 075 Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands (includes Caroline, Mariana and Marshall Island groups) 076 U.S. miscellaneous Caribbean Islands (includes Navassa Islands, Quito Sueno Bank, Roncador Cay, Serrana Bank and Serranilla Bank) 077 U.S. miscellaneous Pacific Islands (includes Kingman Reef, Howland, Baker & Jarvis Islands, and Palmyra Atoll) 086 United States 078 Virgin Islands 079 Wake Island 104 Azores 105 Peru 106 England 107 Vietnam 108 Italy 109 Ecuador 110 North America 111 Surinam 112 Argentina 113 Portugal 114 Trinidad 115 Egypt 116 Sudan 117 British Honduras 118 China 888 Blank but applicable National Origin Recode General Information In the HHANES, if any household member was identified as "Hispanic" (as defined below), all household members, regardless of origin, were eligible to be selected as sample persons. The national origin recode specifies whether a sample person is considered to be "Hispanic" or "not Hispanic" for purposes of analysis. "Hispanic" is defined as: Mexican-American, residing in selected counties of Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and California; Cuban-American, residing in Dade County (Miami), Florida; or Puerto Rican, residing in the New York City area, including parts of New Jersey and Connecticut Recode Assignments Southwest Portion 1) If the original national origin or ancestry code on the Household Screener Questionnaire was 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, or 11, then National origin recode = 1; 2) If national origin or ancestry was 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, or 0 but the person specified Mexican/Mexicano, Chicano, or Mexican-American self-identification on the Adult Sample Person Questionnaire (question M10), or the person was the biological child of a household member with Recode equal to 1 (as determined by questions A-1/A-11 on the Family Questionnaire), then National origin recode = 1; 3) In all other cases, National origin recode = 2. Dade County, Florida Portion 1) If the original national origin or ancestry code was 6 or 7, then National origin recode = 1; 2) In all other cases, National origin recode = 2. New York City Area Portion 1) If the original national origin or ancestry code was 4 or 5, then National origin recode = 1. 2) If national origin or ancestry was 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 0 but the person specified Boricuan or Puerto Rican self-identification on the Adult Sample Person Questionnaire (question M10), or the person was the biological child of a household member with Recode equal to 1 (as determined by questions A-1/A-11 on the Family Questionnaire), then National origin recode = 1. 3) In all other cases, National origin recode = 2. Using the National Origin Recode for Analysis a. Selecting on Recode = 1 will restrict analysis to "Hispanics" only. In this case, in the Southwest portion of the survey, the weighted estimates by age and sex will approximately equal U.S. Bureau of Census population estimates of the number of Mexican Americans and a small proportion of other Hispanics assumed to be Hispano in the five Southwest States (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas) at the midpoint of the Mexican-American portion of HHANES - March 1983. The weighted estimates of Cuban Americans represents an independent estimate of the number of Cuban Americans in Dade County at the midpoint, February 1984. The weighted estimates of Puerto Ricans represents an independent estimate of the number of Puerto Ricans in the sample counties in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut at the midpoint of the Puerto Rican portion - September 1984. b. Using Recode greater than 0, that is, all sample persons, will include "Hispanic" and "not Hispanic" persons and the Southwest weighted estimates by age and sex will overestimate the U.S. Bureau of the Census population estimates of Mexican Americans and other Hispanics by about 4.5 percent. In Dade County, using recode greater than 0 will increase the weighted estimates by about 5.3 percent over that for Cuban Americans only, using recode greater than 0 for the New York area will increase the weighted estimates by about 9.2 percent over that for Puerto Ricans only. Industry and Occupation Code Family Questionnaire questions B-12 through B-15 (see page 117 or 139 of Ref. No 1 in Section C) identified sample persons 17 years old or older who were in the labor force working for pay at a job or business or who worked without pay in a family business or farm operated by a related member of the household without receiving wages or salary for work performed. Questions B-17 through B-22 provided a full description of sample persons' current or most recent job or business. The detail asked for in these questions was necessary to properly and accurately code each occupation and industry. Interviewers were trained to define a job as a definite arrangement for regular work for pay every week or every month. This included arrangements for either regular or part-time or regular full-time work. If a sample person was absent from his or her regular job, worked at more than one job, was on layoff from a job or was looking for work during the two week reference period, interviewers were trained to use the following criteria to determine the job described: a. If a sample person worked at more than one job during the two week reference period or operated a farm or business and also worked for someone else, the job at which he or she worked the most hours was described. If the sample person worked the same number of hours at all jobs, the job at which he or she had been employed the longest was entered. If the sample person was employed at all jobs the same length of time, the job the sample person considered the main job was entered. b. If a sample person was absent from his or her regular job all of the two week reference period, but worked temporarily at another job, the job at which the sample person actually worked was described, not the job from which he or she was absent. c. If a sample person had a job but did not work at all during the two week reference period, the job he or she held was described. d. If a sample person was on layoff during the two week reference period, the job from which he or she was laid off, regardless of whether a full-time or part-time job, was described. e. If a sample person was looking for work or waiting to begin a new job within 30 days of the interview, the last full-time civilian job which lasted two consecutive weeks or more was described. The 1980 census of population Alphabetical Index of Industries and Occupations was used in the coding of both industry and occupation. This book has Library of Congress Number 80-18360, and is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 for $3.00. Its Stock Number is 003024049-2. Health Insurance a. In the Health Insurance section of the Family Questionnaire, up to three separate health insurance plans could be reported for a family. Each sample person could have been covered by any combination of the three, or by none at all. In order to simplify the health insurance coverage data, the information on all reported plans was combined to a single variable for each sample person, i.e., whether or not the person is covered by any plan (position 74). For all persons covered by at least one plan, information on the type of coverage is then indicated: position 75 specifies whether any of the sample person's plans pays hospital expenses and position 76 specifies whether any of the sample person's plans pays doctor's or surgeon's bills. b. For all sample persons who were not covered by Medicare or any health insurance plan, the reasons for not being covered were ascertained. Positions 77-78 contain the main or only reason reported. For persons with one or more additional reasons, the first (lowest) code entered on the questionnaire was coded in positions 79-80. Per Capita Income Per capita income was computed by dividing the total combined family income by the number of people in the family. Poverty Index The poverty index is a ratio of two components. The numerator is the midpoint of the income bracket reported for each family in the Family Questionnaire (E-11). Respondents were asked to report total combined family income during the 12 months preceding the interview. The denominator is a poverty threshold which varied with the number of persons in the family, the adult/child composition of the family, the age of the reference person, and the month and the year in which the family was interviewed. Poverty thresholds published in Bureau of the Census reports* are based on calendar years and were adjusted to reflect differences caused by inflation between calendar years and 12 month income reference periods to which question E-11 referred. Average Consumer Price Indexes for all Urban consumers (CPI-U) for the calendar year for which the poverty thresholds were published (see table below) and for the 12 months representing the income reference period for the respondent were calculated. The percentage difference between these two numbers represents the inflation between these two periods and was applied to the poverty threshold appropriate for the family (based on the characteristics listed above). For example, for a family interviewed in November, 1983, the 1982 poverty threshold was updated to reflect inflation by multiplying by the percent change in the average CPI-U for the 12 month reference period, which would have been November, 1982 through October, 1983, over the calendar year January through December, 1982, in this example. To compute poverty indexes, the midpoint of the total combined family income bracket was divided by the updated poverty threshold. *U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 138, "Characteristics of the Population Below the Poverty Level: 1981", U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., March 1983. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 144, "Characteristics of the Population Below the Poverty Level: 1982", U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., March 1984. Average Consumer Price Index, all Urban consumers (CPI-U), U. S., city average, 1981-84 Month Year 1981 1982 1983 1984 January 260.5 282.5 293.1 305.2 February 263.2 283.4 293.2 306.6 March 265.1 283.1 293.4 307.3 April 266.8 284.3 295.5 308.8 May 269.0 287.1 297.1 309.7 June 271.3 290.6 298.1 310.7 July 274.4 292.2 299.3 311.7 August 276.5 292.8 300.3 313.0 September 279.3 293.3 301.8 October 279.9 294.1 302.6 November 280.7 293.6 303.1 December 281.5 292.4 303.5 Average 272.4 289.1 298.4 Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics Members of families with incomes equal to or greater than poverty thresholds have poverty indexes equal to or greater than 1.0 and can be described as "at or above poverty"; those with incomes less than the poverty threshold have indexes less than 1.0 and can be described as "below poverty". Poverty thresholds used were computed on a national basis only. No attempt was made to adjust these thresholds for regional, State, or other variations in the cost of living. None of the noncash public welfare benefits such as food stamp bonuses were included in the income of the low income families receiving these benefits. Size of Place and SMSA Codes for size of place and SMSA were obtained from Bureau of Census summary tape files (STF1B). A place is a concentration of population. Most places are incorporated as cities, towns, villages or boroughs, but others are defined by the Bureau of the Census around definite residential nuclei with dense, city-type street patterns, with, ideally, at least 1,000 persons per square mile. The boundaries of Census defined places may not coincide with civil divisions. A Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) is a large population nucleus and nearby communities which have a high degree of economic and social integration with that nucleus. Generally, an SMSA includes one or more central cities, all urbanized areas around the city or cities, and the remainder of the county or counties in which the urbanized areas are located. SMSAs are designated by the Office of Management and Budget. The same place size and SMSA codes were assigned to all persons in the same segment (for the definition of segments see Ref. No. 1 in Section C). In a few cases segments were divided by place boundaries. In these cases codes were assigned after inspecting segment maps. If the segment was predominantly in one place, then the place code for that place was used. If the segment was approximately evenly divided, the code for the larger place was used. Home Heating Questions E-3 through E-6, pertaining to the main fuel and equipment used for heating the home, appear to have codes which are inconsistent. It has been verified that these are the codes that were recorded on the original document; that is, codes that appear inconsistent were not incorrectly keyed. Blood Specimen Collection The blood specimen collection code indicates whether the blood was drawn by venipuncture or fingerstick, and gives the reason why the blood was not drawn (i.e., refusal, unsuccessful venipuncture, etc.). Users should be aware that in HHANES blood was drawn by fingerstick for children under age four for hematology, protoporphyrin, and lead. The literature indicates that estimates of hematological indices and blood lead levels differ depending on method of drawing blood. Users should keep this in mind when collapsing or combining age groups for presentation of the hematology, protoporphyrin, and lead data. ANALYTIC METHODS Hematology The hemoglobin determinations were performed on a Coulter hemoglobinometer. Hematocrit determinations were performed by the spun microhematocrit method. Cell counts were performed on a Coulter Model FN. The hematologic indexes (MCV, MCH, MCHC) on this tape were computer-generated, and the MCV and MCHC were calculated using the spun microhematocrit value. The MCV values, derived automatically by electronic counter (Coulter), are likely to give somewhat different results from those that are computer generated using the spun microhematocrit value. The MCV is expressed in femtoliters and is calculated using the sample person's hematocrit and red blood cell count (RBC) values as follows: MCV = hematocrit (in percent) _______________________ RBC per liter X 100 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) is the average amount of hemoglobin by weight in the red blood cells; the MCH is expressed in picograms and is calculated using the sample persons hemoglobin and RBC values as follows: MCH = hemoglobin (in g/dL) X 10 ------------------------- RBC per liter Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is the average concentration of hemoglobin (weight/volume) in the red blood cells; the MCHC is expressed in grams per deciliter and is calculated using the sample person's hemoglobin and hematocrit values as follows: MCHC = hemoglobin (in g/dL) X 100 __________________________ hematocrit (in percent) More detailed descriptions of these methods have been published (Refs. a,b). Nutritional Biochemistry Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin(a) Principle Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP) is measured by a modification of the method of Sassa et al. (Ref. c). Protoporphyrin is extracted from EDTA-whole blood into a 2:1 (v/v) mixture of ethyl acetate-acetic acid, then back-extracted into diluted hydrochloric acid. The protoporphyrin in the aqueous phase is measured fluorometrically at excitation and emission wavelengths of 404 and 655 nm, respectively. Calculations are based on a processed protoporphyrin IX (free acid) standard curve. The final concentration of protoporphyrin in a specimen is expressed as micrograms per deciliter of packed red blood cells (ug/dL RBC). A correction for the individual hematocrit is made. CDC Modifications The following modifications of the original methods are based on CDC optimization experiments: (a) sample size increased from 2 uL to 10 uL; (b) ethyl acetate-acetic acid and 0.43 mol/L HCL volumes increased from 0.3 mL to 1.0 mL; (c) processed protoporphyrin IX standards used; (d) hydrolysis time for the dimethyl ester decreased from 48 h to 3 h, on the basis of the work of Culbreth et al. (Ref. No. d); and (e) 0.43 mol/L HCL was chosen as a diluent for maximum fluorescent intensity and stability of the extracted protoporphyrin IX. Serum Iron and Total Iron-binding Capacity(a) Principle Serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) are measured by a modification of the automated Technicon AA11-25 method, which is based on the procedures of Giovanniello et al, (Ref. e) and of Ramsey (Ref. d). Iron is quantitated by measuring the intensity of the violet complex formed in the reaction between ferrozine and Fe(11) in pH 4.7 acetate buffer at 562 nm. In TIBC tests, serum is mixed with a 400 ug/dL iron solution to saturate the iron-binding sites of the serum transferrin molecules. Magnesium carbonate is used to remove excess iron. Centrifugation is used to precipitate the magnesium carbonate, and the supernatant is then analyzed for iron. CDC Modifications The following modifications to the Technicon AA11-25 method are noted: (a) the reagent concentrations used and their ratios are based on procedures developed at CDC, (b) two standard Technicon AutoAnalyzer I, type C, dialysis plate assemblies are connected in series to increase the efficiency of dialysis, (c) ferrozine is incorporated into the acetate buffer, and (d) a 50-mm flowcell is used in the colormeter to maximize sensitivity. Transferrin Saturation The transferrin saturation values were computer generated using the examinee's serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) values as follows: Transferrin Saturation (in percent) = Serum Iron X 100 ________________ TIBC Serum Vitamins A and E(a) Principle Vitamins A (retinol) and E (alpha-tocopherol) are measured in serum by an isocratic modification (Ref. g) of Bieri's high-performance liquid chromatography method (Ref. h) Serum is added to the internal standard solution, which contains retinyl acetate in ethanol. The ethanolic solution is extracted with hexane and the extract is dried with nitrogen and redissolved in ethanol. An aliquot is injected into a C18 reverse-phase radial-pack column and eluted with 95 percent methanol: 5 percent water at 2.0 ml/min flow rate. Absorbance at 280 nm is recorded. Vitamins A and E are measured by comparing the height of the retinol or tocopherol peak to the height of the retinyl acetate internal standard peak. (Peak-area quantitation may also be used.) Whole Blood Lead(a) Principle Lead is measured in whole blood by atomic absorption spectroscopy by using a modification (Ref. i) of the Delves method (Ref. j). Quantitation is based on the measurement of light absorbed at 283.3 nm by ground state atoms of lead from a lead hollow-cathode lamp source. Whole blood samples, bovine whole blood quality controls, and standards (bovine whole blood spiked with aqueous lead standards) are diluted with nitric acid as the oxidizing agent, dried, and ashed, and lead content is determined by using a Perkin-Elmer Model 360 or Model 2380 atomic absorption spectrophotometer with deuterium background correction. All materials used for collecting and processing specimens are screened for possible lead contamination and all processing work, except ashing, is performed under laminar-flow hoods. CDC Modifications The following modifications to the original method are noted: (a) nitric acid is used rather than hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizing agent, (b) drying and ashing constitute two steps rather than one, (c) a deuterium background corrector is used to compensate for refractory blood components such as sodium chloride, which can give a small, nonspecific absorption signal when blood is being analyzed at the 283 nm lead wave length; and (d) experientially, it has been found that the Delves sample cups should be reused no more than ten times to minimize imprecision errors and that alignment of all parts of the Delves assembly is critical for maximum sensitivity in analysis. Reference (a)The methodology described in this section is excerpted from the Manual, Laboratory Procedures Used by the Clinical Chemistry Division, Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control, for the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES, 1982-1984) (Ref. k). Reference numbers were changed to match the list in this documentation. Lipids Total Serum Cholesterol Blood was obtained by venipuncture from both fasting and nonfasting adult subjects and allowed to clot for 30-40 minutes at room temperature. The samples were then centrifuged and an aliquot of serum was placed in a plastic screw-capped vial and placed in a -20 C freezer within three hours of collection. At approximately two-week intervals, specimens collected over the preceding period were placed in a styrofoam shipping container containing dry ice and shipped to the Johns Hopkins Lipid Research Clinic Laboratory for analysis of serum cholesterol. Samples received in the laboratory were placed in a freezer at -20 C until they were analyzed, usually within two weeks of receipt. The specimens were allowed to thaw at room temperature and then mixed thoroughly. Cholesterol was analyzed in zeolite-treated isopropanol extracts of the samples according to the procedures of the Lipid Research Clinics Program (Ref. l). The analyses were performed on the AutoAnalyzer II (Technicon Instruments, Tarrytown, NY) (Ref. l). A serum calibrator was used to adjust the observed values to reference the Abell-Kendall cholesterol values (Ref. m). The cholesterol method used in the Johns Hopkins Lipid Research Clinic Laboratory was standardized according to the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control - National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (CDC-NHLBI) Cholesterol Standardization Program, and the laboratory procedures remained standardized throughout the study. Quality control and external surveillance procedures were as previously described (Ref. l). DETAILED NOTES, BLOOD AND URINE ASSESSMENTS Avg. Design Effects by Sex/Selected Assessments/Mexican-American Average Design Effects, by Sex, for Selected Assessments -- Mexican-American Portion Mean or Tape Both Assessment Proportion Positions Sexes Male Female _ Hematocrit x 407-409 2.3 1.9 2.8 _ Hemoglobin x 410-412 4.0 2.7 4.1 _ Red blood cell count x 413-415 3.7 2.8 3.0 _ White blood cell count x 416-418 1.6 1.2 1.3 _ Mean corpuscular volume x 419-422 3.3 2.6 1.9 _ Mean corpuscular hemoglobin x 423-425 1.8 1.7 1.5 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin _ concentration x 426-428 5.4 3.1 3.5 _ Serum iron x 429-431 1.4 1.1 1.3 _ Total iron binding capacity x 432-434 1.3 1.1 1.2 _ Transferrin saturation x 435-438 1.4 1.1 1.2 _ Serum vitamin A x 439-441 2.3 1.6 2.2 _ Serum vitamin E x 442-445 2.7 1.5 2.2 _ Erythrocyte protoporphyrin x 446-449 1.1 1.1 1.4 _ Lead x 450-452 1.5 1.2 1.9 _ Total serum cholesterol x 457-459 1.0 1.0 1.0 Source: NCHS, HHANES, 1982-84, Tape Number 6511, Version 2 Avg. Design Effects by Sex/Selected Assessments/Cuban-American Average Design Effects, by Sex, for Selected Assessments -- Cuban-American Portion Mean or Tape Both Assessment Proportion Positions Sexes Male Female _ Hematocrit x 407-409 1.2 1.3 1.1 _ Hemoglobin x 410-412 1.1 1.4 1.0 _ Red blood cell count x 413-415 1.1 1.2 1.1 _ White blood cell count x 416-418 1.5 1.3 1.5 _ Mean corpuscular volume x 419-422 1.1 1.2 1.0 _ Mean corpuscular hemoglobin x 423-425 1.1 1.3 1.0 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin _ concentration x 426-428 1.3 1.1 1.2 _ Serum iron x 429-431 1.2 1.1 1.0 _ Total iron binding capacity x 432-434 1.0 1.0 1.0 _ Transferrin saturation x 435-438 1.1 1.1 1.0 _ Serum vitamin A x 439-441 1.1 1.0 1.0 _ Serum vitamin E x 442-445 1.2 1.0 1.3 _ Erythrocyte protoporphyrin x 446-449 1.0 1.0 1.0 _ Lead x 450-452 1.0 1.0 1.0 _ Total serum cholesterol x 457-459 1.2 1.2 1.0 Source: NCHS, HHANES, 1982-84, Tape Number 6511, Version 2 Avg. Design Effects by Sex/Selected Assessments/Puerto Rican Average Design Effects, by Sex, for Selected Assessments -- Puerto Rican Portion Mean or Tape Both Assessment Proportion Positions Sexes Male Female _ Hematocrit x 407-409 1.6 1.2 1.8 _ Hemoglobin x 410-412 1.5 1.0 1.9 _ Red blood cell count x 413-415 1.1 1.1 1.2 _ White blood cell count x 416-418 1.0 1.2 1.0 _ Mean corpuscular volume x 419-422 1.8 1.6 1.1 _ Mean corpuscular hemoglobin x 423-425 1.4 1.3 1.0 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin _ concentration x 426-428 2.0 1.2 1.8 _ Serum iron x 429-431 1.2 1.1 1.3 _ Total iron binding capacity x 432-434 1.2 1.0 1.1 _ Transferrin saturation x 435-438 1.3 1.2 1.4 _ Serum vitamin A x 439-441 1.2 1.2 1.0 _ Serum vitamin E x 442-445 1.5 1.5 1.8 _ Erythrocyte protoporphyrin x 446-449 1.3 1.2 1.0 _ Lead x 450-452 1.6 1.4 1.5 _ Total serum cholesterol x 457-459 1.4 2.0 1.9 Source: NCHS, HHANES, 1982-84, Tape Number 6511, Version 2 Computing the Variance Suppose, for example, that the average (mean) hemoglobin level for 250 Mexican-American males ages 55-64 years was 13.3 grams per deciliter. Suppose, also, that the simple random sample variance was 1.2. The complex sample variance is determined by multiplying the simple random sample variance by the design effect (DEFF). In the example above, the complex sample variance = simple random sample variance x DEFF = (1.2) x (2.6) = 3.12 In a similar way, the complex sample variance of a percent can be determined. Assuming simple random sampling, the variance for the percent is calculated by converting the percent to a proportion and using the standard formula for the variance of a proportion. pq V = _____ n This variance (V) multiplied by the design effect (DEFF) provides an estimate of the variance from a complex sample of the same sample size (n). The user should recognize that this approach does not incorporate the variance covariance matrix. In most cases, this leads to a slight overestimate of the variance because the covariance terms, which are subtracted in the variance of a ratio, in general are positive. Thus, in a borderline case, the null hypothesis would be less likely to be rejected (Ref. No. 11). Alternative or better approaches may exist or be developed. Users who want to suggest such approaches, or who want the latest information should contact the Scientific and Technical Information Branch (address given in the beginning of this documentation). REFERENCES 1. National Center for Health Statistics: Maurer, K. R. and others: Plan and Operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 1, No. 19. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 85-1321. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office. Sept., 1985. 2. National Center for Health Statistics: McCarthy, P. J.: Replication: An Approach to the Analysis of Data from Complex Surveys. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 2, No. 14. PHS Pub. No. 1000. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office. Apr., 1966. 3. Survey Research Center Computer Support Group: OSIRIS IV User's Manual, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 1979. 4. Holt, M. M.: SURREGR: Standard Errors of Regression Coefficients from Sample Survey Data. Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, 1977. (Revised Apr., 1982 by B. V. Shah). 5. Hidiroglou, M. A., Fuller, W. A., and Hickman, R. D.: SUPERCARP. Sixth Edition. Survey Section, Statistical Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA. Oct., 1980. 6. Woodruff, R. S.: A Simple Method for Approximating the Variance of a Complicated Estimate. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 66:411-414, 1971. 7. Shah, B. V.: SESUDAAN: Standard Errors Program for Computing of Standardized Rates from Sample Survey Data. RTI/5250/00-01S. Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC. Apr., 1981. 8. Helnig, J. T. and Council, K. A., eds.: SAS Users' Guide: Basics. SAS Institute, Inc. Cary, NC, 1982. 9. National Center for Health Statistics: Landis, J. R., Lepkowski, J. M., Eklund, S. A., and Stehouwer, S. A. A Statistical Methodology for Analyzing Data from a Complex Survey: The First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 2, No. 92. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 82-1366. Public Health Service. Washington. U.S. Government Printing Office. Sept., 1982. 10. Kovar, M. G. and Johnson, C.: Design Effects from the Mexican-American Portion of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey: A Strategy for Analysts. Proceedings of the Social Statistics Section, American Statistical Association, 1986 (in press). 11. Freeman, D. H. and Brock, D. B.: The Role of Covariance Matrix Estimation in the Analysis of Complex Sample Survey Data. In N. Krishnan Namboodiri, ed., Survey Sampling and Measurement. Symposium on Survey Sampling, 2d, University of North Carolina. New York, Academic Press, 1978. 12. National Center for Health Statistics: Instruction Manual Part 15h, Household Interviewer's Manual for the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84. Hyattsville, MD. 1986. 13. National Center for Health Statistics: Instruction Manual Part 15g, Mobile Examination Center Interviewer's Manual for the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84. Hyattsville, MD. 1986. 14. American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), Third Edition, Washington, D.C., PA, 1980. 15. Freedman, D. X.: Psychiatric Epidemiology Counts. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 44:931-933, 1984. 16. Holzer, C. E., Eaton, W. W., Von Korff, M., Anthony, J. C., et al.: The Design of the Epidemiology Catchment Area Surveys. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41:942-948, 1984. 17. Myers, J. K. Weissman, M. M., Tischler, G. L., Holzer, C. E., et al.: Six-month Prevalence of Psychiatric Disorders in Three Communities. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41:959-967, 1984. 18. Regier, D. A., Myers, J. K., Kramer, M., Robins, L. N., et al.: The NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41:934-941, 1984. 19. Shapiro, S., Skinner, E. A., Kessler, L. G., Von Korff, M., et al.: Utilization of Health and Mental Health Services. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41:971-978, 1984. 20. Robins, L. N., Helzer, J. E., Weissman, M. M., Orvashel, H., et al.: Lifetime Prevalence of Specific Psychiatric Disorders in Three Sites. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41:949-958, 1984. 21. Boyd, J. H., Burke, J. D., Gruenberg, E., Holzer, C. E., et al.: Exclusion Criteria of DSM-III. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 41:983-989, 1984. 22. Eaton, W. W., Kessler, L. G. (eds.): Epidemiologic Field Methods in Psychiatry: The NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Program. Orlando, Florida: Academic Press, 1985. 23. Anthony, J. C., Folstein, M., Romanoski, A. J., Von Korff, M. R., et al.: Comparison of the Lay Diagnostic Interview Schedule and a Standardized Psychiatric Diagnosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 42:667-675, 1985. 24. Helzer, J. E., Robins, L. N., McEvoy, L. T., Spitznagel, E. L., et al.: A Comparison of Clinical and Diagnostic Interview Schedule Diagnoses. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 42:657-666, 1985. 25. Hesselbrock, V., Stabenau, J., Hesselbrock, M., Mirkin, P., et al.: A Comparison of Two Interview Schedules. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 39:674-677, 1982. 26. Klerman, G. L.: Diagnosis of Psychiatric Disorders in Epidemiologic Field Studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 42:723-724, 1985. 27. Robins, L. N., Helzer, J. E., Ratcliff, K. S., Seyfried, W.: Validity of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version II: DSM-III Diagnoses: Psychological Medicine, 12:855-870, 1982. 28. Wittchen, H. U., Semler, G., von Zerssen, D.: A Comparison of Two Diagnostic Methods. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 42:677-684, 1985. 29. Weissman, M. M., Sholomskas, D., Pottenger, M., Prusoff, A., et al.: Assessing Depressive Symptoms in Five Psychiatric Populations: A Validation Study. Amer J of Epidemiology, 106:203-214, 1977. 30. Burnam, M. A., Karrio, M., Hough, R. L. Escobar, J. I., et al.: The Spanish Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 40:1189-1196, 1983. 31. Karno, M., Burnam, M. A., Escobar, J. I., Hough, R. L., et al.: Development of the Spanish-Language Version of the National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule: Arch Gen Psychiatry, 40:1183-1188, 1983. 32. Radloff, L. S.: The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1:3, 385-401, 1977. 33. Radloff, L. S., Locke, B. Z.: The Community Mental Health Assessment Survey and the CES-D Scale. Community Surveys, (In press), 1985. 34. Comstock, G. W. Helsing, K. J.: Symptoms of Depression in Two Communities, Psychological Medicine, 6:551-563, 1976. 35. Craig, T. J., Van Natta, P. A.: Presence and Persistence of Depression Symptoms in Patient and Community Populations. Am J Psychiatry, 133:12, 1426-1429, 1976. 36. Clark, V. A., Aneshensel, C. S., Frerichs, R. R., Morgan, T. M.: Analysis of Effects of Sex and Age in Response to Items on the CES-D Scale, Psychiatry Research, 5:171-181, 1981. 37. Eaton, W. W., Kessler, L. G.: Rates of Symptoms of Depression in a National Sample. Amer J of Epidemiology, 114:4, 528-538, 1981. 38. Frerichs, R. R., Aneshensel, C. S., Clark, V. A.: Prevalence of Depression in Los Angeles County. Amer J of Epidemiology, 113:6, 691-699, 1981. 39. Roberts R. E., Vernon, S. W.: The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale: Its use in a Community Sample. Am J Psychiatry, 140:1, 41-46, 1983. 40. Vernon, S. W., Roberts, R. E.: Prevalence of Treated and Untreated Psychiatric Disorders in Three Ethnic Groups. Soc Sci Med., 16:1575-1582, 1982. 41. Vernon, S. W., Roberts, R. E., Lee, E. S.: Response Tendencies, Ethnicity, and Depression Scores. Amer J of Epidemiology, 116:482-495, 1982. 42. Roberts, R. E.: Reliability of the CES-D Scale in Different Ethnic Contexts. Psychiatry Research, 2:125-133, 1980. 43. Boyd, J. H., Weissman, M. M., Thompson, W. D., Myers, J. K.: Screening for Depression in a Community Sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 39:1195-1200, 1982. 44. Husaini, B. A., Neff, J. A., Harrington, J. B., Hughes, M.D., et al.: Depression in Rural Communities: Validating the CES-D Scale. J of Community Psychology, 8:20-27, 1980. 45. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service: Hematology Procedures Manual. Centers for Disease Control. Atlanta, GA, 1977. 46. Dacie, J.V. and Lewis, S.M.: Practical Hematology. Vol. 5 Edinburgh. Churchill Livingston, 1975. 47. Sassa, S., Granick, J.L., Kappas, A. and Levere, R.D.: Microanalyses of erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels by spectrophotometry in the detection of chronic lead intoxication in the subclinical range. Biochem. Med. 8:135-148, 1973. 48. Culbreth, P., Carter, R., Walter, G., and burtis, C.: Separation of protoporphyrins and related compounds by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Clin. Chem. 25:605-610, 1979. 49. Giovanniello, J.T., Bendetto, G., Palmer, D.W. and Peters, T.: Fully and semiautomated methods for the determination of serum iron and total iron-binding capacity. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 71:874, 1968. 50. Ramsey, W. N. M.: The determination of the total iron-binding capacity of serum. Clin. Chem. Acta. 2:221, 1957. 51. Driskell, W. J., Neese J. W., Bryant, C. C., and Bashor, M. M.: Measurement of vitamin A and vitamin E in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 231:439-44, 1982. 52. Bieri, J. G., Tolliver, T. J., Catignani, G. L.: Simultaneous determination of alpha-tocopherol and retinol in plasma or red cells by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 32:2143, 1979. 53. Barthel, W. F., Smrek, A. L., Angel, C. P., et al.: Modified Delves cup atomic absorption determination of lead in blood. J. Assoc. Off. Anal. Chem. 56:1253-6, 1973. 54. Delves, H. T.: A micro-sampling method for the rapid determination of lead in blood by atomic-absorption spectroscopy. Analyst. 95:431-8, 1970. 55. Centers for Disease Control, Gunter, E. W. et al.: Laboratory Procedures used by the Clinical Chemistry Division, Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control, for the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES, 1982-84). Public Health Service, Atlanta. Unpublished. 56. Manual of Laboratory Operations, Volume 1, Lipid Research Clinics Program, Lipid and Lipoprotein Analysis. DHEW Publications No. (NIH) 75-628, 1974. Revised 1982. 57. Bachorik, P. S., Wood, P. D. S., William, J., Kuchmak, M., Ahmed, S., et al.: Automated determinations of Total Plasma Cholesterol: A Serum Calibration Technique. Clin. Chem. Acta. 96:145, 1979.
