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Scientific Data Documentation
Depression (1982-1984)
DSN: CC37.HSPHANES.DEPR2 ABSTRACT General Information Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Mexican Americans Cuban Americans Puerto Ricans Description The Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) was conducted from July 1982 through December 1984. The data on the tape documented here are from all three portions of the survey: Mexican Americans Residing in selected counties of Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and California Surveyed from July 1982 through November 1983 9,894 persons sampled; 8,554 interviewed; 7,462 examined Cuban Americans Residing in Dade County (Miami), Florida Surveyed from January 1984 through April 1984 2,244 persons sampled; 1,766 interviewed; 1,357 examined Puerto Ricans Residing in New York City area, including parts of New Jersey and Connecticut Surveyed from May 1984 through December 1984 3,786 persons sampled; 3,369 interviewed; 2,834 examined Important Caution Notice C A U T I O N BEFORE USING THIS DATA TAPE, PLEASE READ THIS PAGE. * Read the accompanying description of the survey, "The Plan and Operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey", DHHS Publication No. (PHS) 85-1321 before conducting analyses of the data on this tape. * Two aspects of HHANES, especially, should be taken into account when conducting any analyses: the sample weights and the complex survey design. * Analyses should not be conducted on data combined from the three portions of the survey (Mexican-American, Cuban-American, Puerto Rican). * HHANES is a survey of Hispanic households and some of the sample persons included on this tape are not of Hispanic origin. A detailed description of the data codes dealing with national origin or ancestry appears in the NOTES section of this document. * Examine the range and frequency of values of a variable before conducting an analyses of data. The range may include unusual or unexpected values. The frequency counts may be useful to determine which analyses may be worthwhile. * Language of interview, which may appear several places on this tape, can vary depending on the questionnaire (several used in the survey) and on whether the response was provided by the sample person or by a proxy. * For some data items, reference is made to a note. The notes (in a separate section of this document) may be very important in data analyses. Attention to them is strongly urged. This Public Use Data Tape has been edited very carefully. Numerous consistency and other checks were also performed. Nevertheless, due especially to the large number of data items, some errors may have gone undetected. Please bring to the attention of NCHS any errors in the data tape or the documentation. Errata sheets will be sent to people who have purchased the data tapes and corrections will be made to subsequently released data tapes. In publications, please acknowledge NCHS as the original data source. The acknowledgment should include a disclaimer crediting the authors for analyses, interpretations, and conclusions; NCHS should be cited as being responsible for only the collection and processing of the data. In addition, NCHS requests that the acronym HHANES be placed in the abstracts of journal articles and other publications based on data from this survey in order to facilitate the retrieval of such materials through automated bibliographic searches. Please send reprints of journal articles and other publications that include data from this tape to NCHS. Division of Health Examination Statistics National Center for Health Statistics Center Building, Room 2-58 3700 East-West Highway Hyattsville, MD 20782 Public Use Data Tapes for the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey will be released through the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) as soon as the data have been edited, validated, and documented. A list of NCHS Public Use Data Tapes that can be purchased from NTIS may be obtained by writing the Scientific and Technical Information Branch, NCHS. Scientific and Technical Information Branch National Center for Health Statistics Center Building, Room 1-57 3700 East-West Highway Hyattsville, MD 20782 301-436-8500 BACKGROUND The National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) collects, analyzes, and disseminates data on the health status of Americans. The results of surveys, analyses, and studies are made known primarily through publications and the release of computer data tapes. This document contains details required to guide programmers, statistical analysts, and research scientists in the use of a Public Use Data Tape. From 1960 through 1980 NCHS conducted five population-based, national health examination surveys. Each survey involved collecting data by direct physical examination, the taking of a medical history, and laboratory and clinical tests and measurements. Questionnaires and examination components have been designed to obtain and support analyses of data on certain targeted conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and anemia. Beginning with the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) a nutrition component was added to obtain information on nutritional status and dietary practices. The numbers of Hispanics in these samples were, however, insufficient to enable adequate estimation of their health conditions. From 1982 through 1984 a Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES) was conducted to obtain data on the health and nutritional status of three Hispanic groups: Mexican Americans from Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and California; Cuban Americans from Dade County, Florida; and Puerto Ricans from the New York City area, including parts of New Jersey and Connecticut. The general structure of the HHANES sample design was similar to that of the previous National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. All of these studies have used complex, multistage, stratified, clustered samples of defined populations. The major difference between HHANES and the previous surveys is that HHANES was a survey of three special subgroups of the population in selected areas of the United States rather than a national probability sample. A detailed presentation of the design specifications is found in Chapter 5 of "Plan and Operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84" (Ref. No. 1). METHODS Data Collection and Processing Procedures Data collection began with a household interview. Several questionnaires were administered: * A Household Screener Questionnaire (HSQ), administered at each selected address, for determining household eligibility and for selecting sample persons. * A Family Questionnaire (FQ), administered once for each family containing sample persons, which included sections on family relationships, basic demographic information for sample persons and head of family, Medicare and health insurance coverage, participation in income assistance programs, and housing characteristics. * An Adult Sample Person Questionnaire (ASPQ), for persons 12 through 74 years which, depending on age, included sections on health status measures, health services utilization, smoking (20 through 74 years), meal program participation, and acculturation. Information on the use of medicines and vitamins in the past two weeks was also obtained. * A Child Sample Person Questionnaire (CSPQ), for sample persons 6 months through 11 years which included sections on a number of health status issues, health care utilization, infant feeding practices, participation in meal programs, school attendance, and language use. Information on the use of medicines and vitamins in the past two weeks was also obtained. At the Mobile Examination Center two questionnaires were administered and an examination performed: * An Adult Sample Person Supplement (ASPS), for sample persons 12 through 74 years, which included sections on alcohol consumption, drug abuse, depression, smoking (12 through 19 years), pesticide exposure, and reproductive history. * A Dietary Questionnaire (DQ), for persons 6 months through 74 years, by which trained dietary interviewers collected information about "usual" consumption habits and dietary practices, and recorded foods consumed 24-hours prior to midnight of the interview. * An examination which included a variety of tests and procedures. Age at interview and other factors determined which procedures were administered to which examinees. A dentist performed a dental examination and a vision test. Technicians took blood and urine specimens and administered a glucose tolerance test, X-rays, electrocardiograms, and ultrasonographs of the gallbladder. Technicians also performed hearing tests and took a variety of body measurements. A physician performed a medical examination focusing especially on the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems. The physician's impression of overall health, nutritional and weight status, and health care needs were also recorded. Some blood and urine specimen analyses were performed by technicians in the examination center; others were conducted under contract at various laboratories. Data presented in Sections E through H and the family relationships data in Section J were collected on the Household Screener and Family Questionnaires. Data presented in Section K were collected on the Adult Sample Person Supplement Questionnaire which was administered in the medical examination center. Completed interview schedules were reviewed in the Survey's field offices and again at the data processing center of NCHS by clerical editors. The editors checked the forms for completeness, clarity, and compliance with skip patterns, and they coded items such as industry and occupation. At the data processing center the questionnaires were keyed and verified on key-to-disk data entry equipment under the control of programs that checked for valid codes and ranges, compliance with skip patterns, and consistency. After being keyed, data were reedited by analysts for reasonableness and consistency and for compliance with instructions for sampling and questionnaire administration. The general tape description format is Tape Position X Item X Counts. The item (field) may be a tape descriptor (e.g., Version Number), a sample person descriptor (e.g., Age at Interview), or a question (e.g., Is sample person covered by Medicare?). Where appropriate, data entries are presented by codes. Frequency counts are given for each code. The counts are included to help the user in planning analyses and in verifying that programs account for all data. The data source is given also (e.g., from Family Questionnaire). In some cases, a note is referenced. The notes contain explanations of the item (e.g., how Poverty Index is calculated). The questionnaire data have undergone many quality control and editing procedures. The responses of sample persons to some questions may appear extreme or illogical. Self-reported data, especially, are subject to a number of sources of variability, including recall and other reporting errors. In the data clean-up process, responses that varied considerably from expected were verified through direct review of the collection form or a copy of it. Such responses may not represent fact, but they are included as recorded in the field. The user must determine if these responses should be included in analyses. Responses to "other" and "specify" were recoded to existing categories, if possible. For responses that could not be recoded, new code categories were created if the information was deemed analytically useful. Caution should be used in interpreting the data from these new categories because there is no way of knowing which other respondents would have selected one of the new categories if given the option. For the adult sample person questionnaires there are three codes for missing information: 7's, 8's and blanks. In a few questions, 7's were used when the question was not applicable. A code "8" which is labeled as "blank but applicable" is used to indicate that a sample person should have a data value for a particular item but for varying reasons that value is unavailable. Blanks were used to follow skip patterns, i.e., when a question was not supposed to be asked or was not applicable. The "don't know" codes (9, 99, 999) were used only when given as a printed response on the original questionnaire. Copies of the questionnaires, both in English and Spanish, can be found in the plan and operation report for HHANES (Ref. No. 1). Detailed information on interviewing procedures is contained in the household interviewer's manual (Ref. No. 12), the mobile examination center interviewer's manual (Ref. No. 13). These manuals are available upon request from: Division of Health Examination Statistics National Center for Health Statistics Center Building, Room 2-58 3700 East-West Highway Hyattsville, MD 20782 301-436-7080 More information about the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) Depression Section and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is available from: Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Branch Division of Clinical Research National Institute of Mental Health 5600 Fishers Lane, Room 10C-09 Rockville, MD 20857 301-443-3774 Sample Weights Because the HHANES sample is not a simple random one, it is necessary to incorporate sample weights for proper analysis of the data. These sample weights are a composite of individual selection probabilities, adjustments for noncoverage and nonresponse, and poststratification adjustments. The HHANES sample weights, which are necessary for the calculation of point estimates, are located on all data tapes in positions 184-213. Because of the complex sample design and the ratio adjustments used to produce the sample weights, commonly used methods of point and variance estimation and hypothesis testing which assume simple random sampling may give misleading results. In order to provide users with the capability of estimating the complex sample variances in the HHANES data, Strata and Pseudo Primary Sampling Unit (PSU) codes have been provided on all data tapes in positions 214-217. These codes and the sample weights are necessary for the calculation of variances. Variance Estimation Computer Programs There are computer programs available designed for variance estimation for complex sample designs. The balanced repeated replication approach (Ref. No. 2) is used in &REPERR and a linearization approach is used in &PSALMS to calculate variance-covariance matrixes. Both routines are available within the OSIRIS IV library (Ref. No. 3). SURREGR (Ref. No. 4) and SUPERCARP (Ref. No. 5) are programs that calculate variance-covariance matrixes using a linearization approach (Ref. No. 6) (Taylor series expansion). Another program, SESUDAAN (Ref. No. 7) calculates standard errors, variances, and design effects. (Note: This version of SESUDAAN should not be used to obtain variances for totals.) SURREGR and SESUDAAN are special procedures which run data under the SAS system (Ref. No. 8). Even though the total number of examined persons in this survey is quite large, subclass analyses can lead to estimates that are unstable, particularly estimates of variances. Consequently, analysis of subclasses require that the user pay particular attention to the number of sample persons in the subclass and the number of PSU's that contain at least one sample person in the subclass. Small sample sizes, or a small number of PSU's used in the variance calculations, may produce unstable estimates of the variances. A more complete discussion of these issues and possible analytic strategies for examining various hypotheses is presented in Chapter 11 of "Plan and Operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84" (Ref. No. 1) and in an earlier NCHS methodology (Series 2) publication (Ref. No. 9). Average Design Effects Some users, however, may not have access to the computer programs for estimating complex sample variances or may want to do their preliminary analyses without using them. In addition, variance estimates calculated from HHANES data through use of the programs described previously are likely to be unstable because there were so few sample areas for each portion of HHANES. This instability is not due to there being too few people in the sample but may be due to the fact that the sample was selected from relatively few areas. Therefore, the following discussion is designed to provide an alternative approach to deal with the unavailability of software and the small number of PSU's. The approach is based on using average design effects (Ref. No. 10). The design effect, defined as the ratio of the variance of a statistic from a complex sample to the variance of the same statistic from a simple random sample of the same size, that is, DESIGN EFFECT (DEFF) = COMPLEX SAMPLE VARIANCE SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLE VARIANCE is often used to show the impact of the complex sample design on variances. If the design effect is near 1, the complex sample design has little effect on the variances and the user could consider assuming simple random sampling for the analysis. Some illustrative design effects for HHANES data on this tape are given in the following tables. The design effects in the tables are the average for the age groups usually presented in NCHS Series 11 publications. If the average design effect for a subgroup was less than 1.0 (implying an improvement over simple random sampling), it was coded as 1.0. The following guidelines were used in the calculation of the average design effects: 1. Exclude all persons of non-Hispanic origin, 2. Exclude all estimates for large age ranges, such as all ages combined or 'all adults', and 3. Exclude all estimates where the proportion of the subpopulation with the specific characteristic or condition was zero percent or one hundred percent. Design effects tend to be larger when age groups are combined, just as they are when the sexes are combined, as shown in the tables. The data in the tables give the user an idea of the range in design effects for selected response variables from this data tape. If a response variable is not one shown in the tables take the range into account; it is possible that a user could have one of the higher, rather than one of the lower, design effects. VARIABLES AND THEIR CATEGORIES Sociodemographic Data - Sample Person (Pos. 1-99) Source Source: Family Questionnaire (FQ) Household Screener Questionnaire (HSQ) 1-5 Sample Person Sequence Number 7462 Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 1-5 Sample person sequence number7462 00001-09894 Mexican Americans 7462 - - 10002-12238 Cuban Americans - 1357 - 13001-16785 Puerto Ricans - - 2834 6-12 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 6-12 Blank 13 Portion of Survey Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 13 Portion of survey 1 Mexican-American (M) 7462 - - 2 Cuban-American (C) - 1357 - 3 Puerto Rican (P) - - 2834 14 Family Questionnaire Missing Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 14 Family Questionnaire missing 1 Yes 21 6 10 See Note 1 2 No 7441 1351 2824 15 Version Number Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 15 Version number 7462 1357 2834 2 16 Examination Status Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 16 Examination status 1 Examined 7462 1357 2834 See Note 2 2 Not examined 0 0 0 17 Language of Interview Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 17 Language of interview (Pos. 1-400) FQ 1 English 4513 244 1229 2 Spanish 2929 1107 1595 Blank 20 6 10 18-21 Date of Interview Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Date of interview HSQ 4 18-19 01-12 Month 7462 1357 2834 20-21 82-84 Year 7462 1357 2834 22-25 Date of Examination Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Date of examination From survey control record 22-23 01-12 Month 7462 1357 2834 24-25 82-84 Year 7462 1357 2834 26-29 Date of Birth Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Date of birth HSQ 2e 26-27 01-12 Month 7462 1357 2834 88 Blank but applicable 0 0 0 28-29 08-84 Year 7462 1357 2834 88 Blank but applicable 0 0 0 30-31 Age at Interview (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 30-31 Age at interview (computed) 01-74 (See next column for units) 7462 1357 2834 32 Age at Interview Units Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 32 Age at interview units HSQ 2f 1 Years 7342 1349 2796 2 Months 120 8 38 33-38 Age at Examination (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Age at examination (computed) Positions 33-38 are all 0 for non- examined persons. 33-34 00-75 Years 7462 1357 2834 35-36 00-11 Months 7462 1357 2834 37-38 00-30 Days 7462 1357 2834 39-43 Family Number Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 39-43 Family number See Note 3 00002-03529 7462 - - 04005-04922 - 1357 - 07001-08584 - - 2834 44-45 Relationship to Head of Family Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 44-45 What is sample person's relationship HSQ 2b to head of family? Sample person is: See Note 4 01 Head of family living alone (1 145 56 113 family with only 1 member) 02 Head of family, with no related 76 23 24 persons in household (2+ persons in household) 03 Head of family, with related 1582 369 678 persons in household 04 Wife of head (husband living at 1299 300 296 home and not in Armed Forces) 05 Wife of head (husband living at 5 0 0 home and is in Armed Forces) 06 Husband of head (wife living at 35 12 37 home and not in Armed Forces) 07 Husband of head (wife living at 0 0 0 home and is in Armed Forces) 08 Child of head or head's spouse 3769 484 1437 09 Grandchild of head or head's 217 32 115 spouse 10 Parent of head or head's spouse 57 35 33 11 Other relative (includes ex- 273 46 101 spouse, daughter-in-law, etc.) 12 Foster child 4 0 0 46 Sex Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 46 Sex FQ B-4 1 Male 3516 636 1237 2 Female 3946 721 1597 47 Observed Race Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 47 Observed race FQ B-5 1 White 7213 1300 2462 See Note 5 2 Black 76 15 152 3 Other 8 3 73 8 Blank but applicable 72 15 59 9 Not observed 72 18 78 Blank 21 6 10 48-49 National Origin or Ancestry Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 48-49 Sample person's national origin or HSQ 2c ancestry. See Note 6 01 Mexican/Mexicano 1641 1 1 02 Mexican-American 5202 0 0 03 Chicano 102 0 0 04 Puerto Rican 7 3 2596 05 Boricuan 0 0 36 06 Cuban 4 1069 20 07 Cuban-American 0 222 0 08 Hispano - specify 150 14 26 09 Other Latin-American or other 37 18 41 Spanish - specify 00 Other - specify 276 30 114 10 Spanish-American 22 0 0 11 Spanish (Spain) 21 0 0 50-52 State or Foreign Country Born Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 50-52 In what state or foreign country FQ B-6 was sample person born? See Note 7 001-118 State/country code 7403 1345 2771 888 Blank but applicable 38 6 53 Blank 21 6 10 53 National Origin Recode Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 53 National origin recode See Note 8 "Hispanic" = Mexican-American in Southwest, Cuban-American in Florida and Puerto Rican in New York City area. 1 "Hispanic" 7197 1291 2645 2 Not "Hispanic" 265 66 189 54-55 Highest Grade or Year of Regular School Attended Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 54-55 What is the highest grade or year of FQ B-7 regular school sample person has ever attended? 00 Never attended or kinder- 1476 116 446 garten only 01-08 Elementary grade 3118 556 1090 09-12 High school grade 2119 400 1011 13-16 College 581 243 225 17 Graduate school 70 30 14 88 Blank but applicable 77 6 38 Blank 21 6 10 56 Finish that Grade or Year? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 56 Did sample person finish that FQ B-8 grade/year? 1 Yes 3938 853 1436 2 No 1934 368 861 8 Blank but applicable 93 14 81 Blank 1497 122 456 57 Married, Widowed, Divorced, Separated, or Never Married? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 57 Is sample person now married, FQ B-9 widowed, divorced, separated, or has he or she never been married? 0 Under 14 years of age 2953 297 1000 1 Married - spouse in household 2600 632 660 2 Married - spouse not in household 70 17 54 3 Widowed 161 50 66 4 Divorced 214 92 155 5 Separated 159 21 149 6 Never married 1265 241 730 8 Blank but applicable 19 1 10 Blank 21 6 10 Serve in U.S. Armed Forces? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 58 Did sample person ever serve in the FQ B-11 Armed Forces of the United States? 1 Yes 416 27 145 2 No 3557 952 1409 8 Blank but applicable 7 3 14 Blank 3482 375 1266 59 Work at Job or Business? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 59 During the past 2 weeks, did sample FQ B-12 person work at any time at a job or business, not counting work around the house? 1 Yes 2210 622 613 2 No 1751 349 930 8 Blank but applicable 19 11 25 Blank 3482 375 1266 60 Have Job or Business? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 60 Even though sample person did not FQ B-13 work during those 2 weeks, did he or she have a job or business? 1 Yes 46 13 23 2 No 1704 334 902 8 Blank but applicable 20 13 30 Blank 5692 997 1879 61 Looking for Work or on Layoff from Job? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 61 Was sample person looking for work FQ B-14 or on layoff from a job? 1 Yes 217 43 60 2 No 1533 304 865 8 Blank but applicable 20 13 30 Blank 5692 997 1879 62 Which, Looking for Work or on Layoff from Job or Both? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 62 Which, looking for work or on layoff FQ B-15 from a job or both? 1 Looking 146 34 44 2 Layoff 46 6 8 3 Both 23 2 7 8 Blank but applicable 22 14 31 Blank 7225 1301 2744 63-65 Kind of Business or Industry Work for Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 63-65 What kind of business or industry FQ B-19 does sample person work for? See Note 9 010-932 Industry code 2429 665 681 990 Blank but applicable 49 18 37 Blank 4984 674 2116 66-68 Kind of Work doing Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 66-68 What kind of work was sample FQ B-20 person doing? See Note 9 003-889 Occupation code 2432 666 681 999 Blank but applicable 46 17 37 Blank 4984 674 2116 69 Class of Worker Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 69 Class of worker FQ B-22 1 An employee of a private company, 1912 543 551 business or individual for wages, salary, or commission 2 A Federal government employee 74 6 21 3 A State government employee 124 19 17 4 A Local government employee 169 17 56 5 Self-employed in own incorporated 17 12 7 business or professional practice 6 Self-employed in own unincorpora- 131 67 27 ted business, professional practice, or farm 7 Working without pay in family 3 0 0 business or farm 8 Blank but applicable 46 18 38 0 Never worked or never worked at a 2 1 1 full-time civilian job lasting 2 weeks or more Blank 4984 674 2116 70 Covered by Medicare? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 70 Is sample person now covered by FQ C-2 Medicare? 1 Covered 303 107 139 2 Not covered 7129 1237 2674 8 Blank but applicable 6 6 11 9 Don't know 3 1 0 Blank 21 6 10 71 Covered by Social Security Medicare Paying for Hospital Bill? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 71 Is sample person now covered by the FQ C-3 part of Social Security Medicare which pays for hospital bills? 1 Yes 270 100 124 2 No 18 4 5 8 Blank but applicable 15 6 20 9 Don't know 6 3 1 Blank 7153 1244 2684 72 Covered by Medicare Paying for Doctor's Bills? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 72 Is sample person now covered by that FQ C-4 part of Medicare which pays for doctor's bills? This is the Medi- care plan for which he or she or some agency must pay a certain amount each month. 1 Yes 269 100 111 2 No 17 5 17 8 Blank but applicable 15 6 20 9 Don't know 8 2 2 Blank 7153 1244 2684 73 Type of Medicare Coverage Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 73 Type of Medicare coverage FQ C-5 As shown on Medicare card 1 Hospital 0 0 0 2 Medical 2 0 0 3 Card not available 3 0 2 4 Hospital and medical 5 3 0 8 Blank but applicable 15 6 20 Blank 7437 1348 2812 74 Health Insurance Plan Paying Doc., Hosp., Surgeon's Bills? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes HEALTH INSURANCE See Note 10 74 Is sample person covered by any FQ C-11 health insurance plan which pays any part of a hospital, doctor's, or surgeon's bill? 1 Yes 4094 818 1011 2 No 3326 526 1796 8 Blank but applicable 13 7 16 9 Don't know 8 0 1 Blank 21 6 10 75 Covered by Plan Paying Part of Hospital Expenses? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 75 Is sample person covered by a plan FQ C-9 that pays any part of hospital expenses? 1 Yes 4039 806 955 2 No 6 7 9 8 Blank but applicable 54 12 55 9 Don't know 8 0 8 Blank 3355 532 1807 76 Covered by Plan Paying Part of Doctor's or Surgeon's Bills? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 76 Is sample person covered by a plan FQ C-10 that pays any part of a doctor's or surgeon's bills for operations? 1 Yes 4034 804 945 2 No 22 11 28 8 Blank but applicable 36 10 35 9 Don't know 15 0 19 Blank 3355 532 1807 77-78 Main Reason Don't Carry Health Insurance Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Many people do not carry health FQ C-13/15 insurance for various reasons. Which of these statements describes why sample person is not covered by any health insurance (or Medicare)? (Positions 77-80) 77-78 Main Reason 01 Care received through Medicaid 267 31 854 or Welfare 02 Unemployed, or reasons related 350 40 114 to unemployment 03 Can't obtain insurance because 24 2 15 of poor health, illness or age 04 Too expensive, can't afford 1767 280 506 health insurance 05 Dissatisfied with previous 50 3 3 isurance 06 Don't believe in insurance 31 4 8 07 Have been healthy, not much sick- 206 23 31 ness in the family, haven't needed health insurance 08 Military dependent, (CHAMPUS), 45 1 15 Veteran's benefits 09 Some other reason - not specified 2 0 7 10 Some other reason - specified 255 35 58 88 Blank but applicable 118 34 77 Blank 4347 904 1146 79-80 Second Reason Don't Carry Health Insurance Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Many people do not carry health FQ C-13/15 insurance for various reasons. Which of these statements describes why sample person is not covered by any health insurance (or Medicare)? (Positions 77-80) 79-80 Second Reason 00 No second reason reported 2573 339 1374 01 Care received through Medicaid 70 17 58 or Welfare 02 Unemployed or reasons related to 109 30 30 unemployment 03 Can't obtain insurance because of 4 2 3 poor health, illness or age 04 Too expensive, can't afford 168 20 132 health insurance 05 Dissatisfied with previous 15 1 2 insurance 06 Don't believe in insurance 18 3 3 07 Have been health, not much sick- 47 4 8 ness in the family, haven't needed health insurance 08 Military dependent, (CHAMPUS), 0 0 2 Veteran's benefits 09 Some other reason - not specified 0 0 0 10 Some other reason - specified 25 8 7 88 Blank but applicable 86 29 69 Blank 4347 904 1146 81-87 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 81-87 Blank 88 Received Health Care Paid for by Medicaid? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 88 During the last 12 months, has sample FQ D-6 person received health care which has been or will be paid for by Medicaid? 1 Yes 537 101 1076 2 No 6859 1242 1708 8 Blank but applicable 45 7 40 9 Don't know 0 1 0 Blank 21 6 10 89 Have Medicaid Card? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 89 Does sample person have a Medicaid FQ D-8 card? 1 Yes 530 104 1144 2 No 6872 1232 1647 8 Blank but applicable 39 15 33 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 90 Status of Medicaid Card Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 90 Status of sample person's Medicaid FQ D-9 card? 1 Medicaid card seen - current 382 84 832 2 Medicaid card seen - expired 7 0 12 3 No card seen 128 17 274 4 Other card seen 0 0 0 5 Other card seen (specify) 5 0 2 8 Blank but applicable 47 18 57 Blank 6893 1238 1657 91 Covered by Other Public Ass. Prog. Paying for Health Care? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 91 Is sample person now covered by any FQ D-11 other public assistance program that pays for health care? 1 Yes 54 2 28 2 No 7376 1348 2780 8 Blank but applicable 11 1 15 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 92 Rec. Armed Forces Retirement Pay or Veteran's Admin. Pension? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 92 Does sample person now receive FQ D-13 military retirement payments from any branch of the Armed Forced or a pension from the Veteran's Admini- stration? Do not include VA disa- bility compensation. 1 Yes 56 4 9 2 No 7373 1346 2806 8 Blank but applicable 12 1 9 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 93 Armed Forces Retirement or VA Pension or Both? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 93 Which does sample person receive: FQ D-14 the Armed Forces retirement; the VA pension; or both? 1 Armed Forces 16 0 2 2 Veteran's Administration 30 0 5 3 Both 4 4 1 8 Blank but applicable 18 1 10 Blank 7394 1352 2816 94 Covered by CHAMP-VA? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 94 Is sample person now covered by FQ D-16 CHAMP-VA, which is medical insurance for dependents or survivors of dis- abled veterans? 1 Yes 45 4 10 2 No 7388 1346 2806 8 Blank but applicable 8 1 6 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 95 Health Care for Dependents or Survivors of Military Persons? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 95 Is sample person now covered by any FQ D-18 other program that provides health care for military dependents or sur- vivors of military persons? 1 Yes 41 4 8 2 No 7387 1346 2804 8 Blank but applicable 13 1 12 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 96 Included in AFDC, "Aid to Families With Dependent Children"? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 96 Is sample person included in the FQ D-2 AFDC, "Aid to Families With Dependent Children", assistance payment? 1 Yes 394 39 650 2 No 7020 1304 2134 8 Blank but applicable 27 6 39 9 Don't know 0 2 1 Blank 21 6 10 97 Receive "Supplemental Security Income" (SSI) Gold-Col. Check? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 97 Does sample person now receive the FQ D-4 "Supplemental Security Income" or "SSI" gold-colored check? 1 Yes 131 44 135 2 No 7285 1295 2659 8 Blank but applicable 25 12 30 9 Don't know 0 0 0 Blank 21 6 10 98 Disability Related to Service in U.S. Armed Forces? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 98 Does sample person have a disability FQ D-20 related to his or her service in the Armed Forces of the United States? 1 Yes 48 2 14 2 No 346 20 108 8 Blank but applicable 29 8 37 Blank 7039 1327 2675 99 Receive Compensation for Disability from Veteran's Admin.? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 99 Does sample person now receive com- FQ D-21 pensation for this disability from the Veteran's Administration? 1 Yes 31 1 9 2 No 17 1 4 8 Blank but applicable 29 8 38 Blank 7385 1347 2783 Sociodemographic Data - Head of Family (Pos. 100-131) Source Source: Family Questionnaire (FQ) Household Screener Questionnaire (HSQ) 100 Interview and Examination Status Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 100 Interview and examination status of See Note 4 head of family 1 Selected as sample person, 5523 1076 2098 interviewed on Adult Sample Person Questionnaire, and examined 2 Selected as sample person, 338 62 79 interviewed on Adult Sample Person Questionnaire, but not examined 3 Selected as sample person, not 218 34 23 interviewed, and not examined 4 Not selected as sample person 1362 179 624 Blank 21 6 10 101 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 101 Blank 102-105 Date of Birth Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes Date of birth HSQ 2e 102-103 01-12 Month 7413 1348 2830 88 Blank but applicable 49 9 4 104-105 08-86, 89-88 Year 7440 1353 2832 88 Blank but applicable 22 4 2 106-107 Age at Interview Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 106-107 Age at interview 17-95 Years 7462 1357 2834 108 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 108 Blank 109 Sex Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 109 Sex FQ B-4 1 Male 5982 1069 1331 2 Female 1460 282 1493 Blank 20 6 10 110 Observed Race Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 110 Observed race FQ B-5 1 White 7138 1282 2511 See Note 5 2 Black 75 27 165 3 Other 6 3 58 8 Blank but applicable 106 31 59 9 Not observed 117 8 31 Blank 20 6 10 111-112 National Origin Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 111-112 Head of family's national origin HSQ 2c or ancestry. See Note 6 01 Mexican/Mexicano 2068 0 3 02 Mexican-American 4523 0 0 03 Chicano 97 0 0 04 Puerto Rican 19 7 2503 05 Boricuan 0 0 29 06 Cuban 6 1197 46 07 Cuban-American 0 85 2 08 Hispano - specify 147 20 37 09 Other Latin-American or other 54 17 39 Spanish - specify 00 Other - specify 513 31 175 10 Spanish-American 17 0 0 11 Spanish (Spain) 18 0 0 113-115 State or Foreign Country Born Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 113-115 In what state or foreign country FQ B-6 was head of family born? See Note 7 001-118 State/country code 7362 1331 2762 888 Blank but applicable 80 20 62 Blank 20 6 10 116-117 Highest Grade or Year of Regular School Attended Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 116-117 What is the highest grade or year FQ B-7 of regular school head of family has ever attended? 00 Never attended or kinder- 250 7 35 garten only 01-08 Elementary grade 2959 511 889 09-12 High school grade 2896 411 1445 13-16 College 1002 336 363 17 Graduate school 170 57 41 88 Blank but applicable 165 29 51 Blank 20 6 10 118 Finish that Grade or Year of Regular School? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 118 Did head of family finish that FQ B-8 grade/year? 1 Yes 5710 1171 2210 2 No 1316 137 492 8 Blank but applicable 166 36 87 Blank 270 13 45 119 Married, Widowed, Divorced, Separated, or Never Married? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 119 Is head of family now married, FQ B-9 widowed, divorced, separated, or has he or she never been married? 0 Under 14 0 0 0 1 Married - spouse in household 5706 1059 1295 2 Married - spouse not in household 129 9 129 3 Widowed 333 48 133 4 Divorced 492 136 376 5 Separated 388 28 452 6 Never married 320 56 418 8 Blank but applicable 74 15 21 Blank 20 6 10 120 Serve in U.S. Armed Forces? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 120 Did head of family ever serve in FQ B-11 the Armed Forces of the United States? 1 Yes 1478 64 383 2 No 5883 1265 2400 8 Blank but applicable 81 22 41 Blank 20 6 10 121 Work at Job or Business? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 121 During the past 2 weeks, did head FQ B-12 of family work at any time at a job or business, not counting work around the house? 1 Yes 5443 1019 1283 2 No 1923 305 1504 8 Blank but applicable 76 27 37 Blank 20 6 10 122 Have Job or Business? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 122 Even though head of family did not FQ B-13 work during those 2 weeks, did he or she have a job or business? 1 Yes 101 19 28 2 No 1822 286 1476 8 Blank but applicable 76 27 37 Blank 5463 1025 1293 123 Looking for Work or on Layoff from Job? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 123 Was head of family looking for work FQ B-14 or on layoff from a job? 1 Yes 510 61 118 2 No 1413 244 1384 8 Blank but applicable 76 27 39 Blank 5463 1025 1293 124 Which, Looking for Work or on Layoff from Job or Both? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 124 Which, looking for work or on FQ B-15 layoff from a job or both? 1 Looking 270 43 69 2 Layoff 151 12 26 3 Both 85 3 17 8 Blank but applicable 80 30 45 Blank 6876 1269 2677 125-127 Kind of Business or Industry Work for Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 125-127 What kind of business or industry FQ B-19 does head of family work for? See Note 9 010-932 Industry code 5980 1080 1395 990 Blank but applicable 118 28 62 Blank 1364 249 1377 128-130 Kind of Work Doing? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 128-130 What kind of work was head of FQ B-20 family doing? See Note 9 003-889 Occupation code 5988 1080 1391 999 Blank but applicable 110 28 66 Blank 1364 249 1377 131 Class of Worker Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 131 Class of worker FQ B-22 1 Employee of a private company, 4702 842 1058 business or individual for wages, salary, or commission 2 A Federal government employee 219 4 45 3 A State government employee 246 12 54 4 A Local government employee 359 22 169 5 Self-employed in own incorpora- 49 25 14 ted business or professional practice 6 Self-employed in own unincor- 420 171 56 porated business, profes- sional practice, or farm 7 Working without pay in family 0 0 0 business or farm 8 Blank but applicable 99 32 60 0 Never worked or never worked at 4 0 1 a full-ime civilian job lasting 2 weeks or more Blank 1364 249 1377 Family Composition and Income Data (Pos. 132-162) Source Source: Family Questionnaire (FQ) 132-133 Number of Persons in Family Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 132-133 Number of persons in family (computed) 01-18 Persons 7462 1357 2834 134-135 Number of Sample Persons in Family Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 134-135 Number of sample persons in family (computed) 01-13 Persons 7462 1357 2834 136 Total Combined Family Income More or Less than $20,000? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 136 Was the total combined family FQ E-10 income during the past 12 months more or less than $20,000? Include money from jobs, Social Security, retirement income, unemployment pay- ments, public assistance, and so forth. Also include income net from interest, dividends, income from business, farm or rent, and any other money income received. 1 $20,000 or more 2353 536 578 2 Less than $20,000 4856 795 2193 7 Refused information 31 1 7 8 Blank but applicable 202 19 46 Blank 20 6 10 137-138 Group Representing Total Combined Family Income Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 137-138 Of those income groups, which best FQ E-11 represents the total combined family income during the past 12 months? Include wages, salaries, and other items we just talked about. (in dollars) 01 Less than 1,000 40 8 7 02 1,000 - 1,999 107 10 33 03 2,000 - 2,999 143 25 68 04 3,000 - 3,999 182 28 132 05 4,000 - 4,999 184 34 250 06 5,000 - 5,999 234 45 202 07 6,000 - 6,999 312 35 213 08 7,000 - 7,999 314 46 169 09 8,000 - 8,999 284 42 106 10 9,000 - 9,999 263 52 125 11 10,000 - 10,999 282 72 139 12 11,000 - 11,999 250 47 75 13 12,000 - 12,999 296 54 100 14 13,000 - 13,999 186 32 64 15 14,000 - 14,999 254 25 66 16 15,000 - 15,999 208 36 77 17 16,000 - 16,999 209 34 51 18 17,000 - 17,999 231 37 66 19 18,000 - 18,999 333 28 82 20 19,000 - 19,999 240 55 79 21 20,000 - 24,999 694 148 152 22 25,000 - 29,999 585 83 124 23 30,000 - 34,999 358 78 92 24 35,000 - 39,999 257 64 43 25 40,000 - 44,999 192 48 36 26 45,000 - 49,999 84 43 30 27 50,000 and over 107 55 54 77 Refused information 76 10 43 88 Blank but applicable 537 77 146 Blank 20 6 10 139-143 Per Capita Income (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 139-143 Per capita income (computed) See Note 11 00083-50000 Dollars 6829 1264 2636 88888 Blank but applicable 613 87 189 Blank 20 6 9 144-146 Poverty Index (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 144-146 Poverty index (computed) See Note 12 Decimal not shown on tape 0.04-9.78 6829 1264 2636 999 Blank but applicable 613 87 189 Blank 20 6 9 147 Member of Family Receive Government Food Stamps? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 147 Did any member of this family FQ E-12 receive any Government food stamps in any of the past 12 months? 1 Yes 1651 234 1344 2 No 5783 1115 1474 8 Blank but applicable 8 2 6 Blank 20 6 10 148-149 Number of Months Member of Family Received Food Stamps Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 148-149 In how many months of the past 12 FQ E-13 months did any member of this family receive food stamps? 01-12 Months 1631 234 1335 88 Blank but applicable 28 2 15 Blank 5803 1121 1484 150 Family Receive Government Food Stamps Last Month? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 150 Did this family receive any FQ E-14 government food stamps last month? 1 Yes 1345 187 1290 2 No 303 47 50 8 Blank but applicable 11 2 10 Blank 5803 1121 1484 151-152 Month Member of Family Last Received Food Stamps Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 151-152 In which month did any member of FQ E-15 this family last receive food stamps? 01-12 Months 298 47 50 88 Blank but applicable 16 2 10 Blank 7148 1308 2774 153-154 Number of Persons Food Stamps were Authorized Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 153-154 For how many persons were those FQ E-16 food stamps authorized? 01-13 Persons 1641 234 1337 88 Blank but applicable 18 2 13 Blank 5803 1121 1484 155-157 Total Face Value of Food Stamps Received by Family Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 155-157 What was the total face value of FQ E-17 those food stamps received by this family in that month? 010-520 Dollars 1567 230 1325 888 Blank but applicable 92 6 25 Blank 5803 1121 1484 158 Family Spend More for Food than Value of Food Stamps? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 158 Did this family spend more for food FQ E-18 in that month than the value of your food stamps? 1 Yes 1405 194 1279 2 No 231 40 64 8 Blank but applicable 23 2 7 Blank 5803 1121 1484 159-161 How Much More? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 159-161 How much more? FQ E-19 003-880 Dollars 1314 182 1258 888 Blank but applicable 114 14 28 Blank 6034 1161 1548 162 Family Receiving Food Stamps at Present Time? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 162 Is your family receiving food FQ E-20 stamps at the present time? 1 Yes 1273 175 1269 2 No 6153 1171 1542 8 Blank but applicable 16 5 13 Blank 20 6 10 Residence and Household Data (Pos. 163-183) Source Source: Family Questionnaire (FQ) Household Screener Questionnaire (HSQ) 163 Size of Place Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 163 Size of place See Note 13 1 1 million or more 1049 0 2070 2 500,000 - 999,999 844 0 0 3 250,000 - 499,999 884 467 0 4 100,000 - 249,999 203 364 368 5 50,000 - 99,999 1277 70 76 6 25,000 - 49,999 785 205 216 7 10,000 - 24,999 746 120 79 8 200 - 9,999 1003 88 24 9 Not in a place 671 43 1 164 Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 164 Standard Metropolitan Statistical See Note 13 Area 1 In SMSA, in central city 3707 467 2465 2 In SMSA, not in central city 2854 890 369 4 Not in SMSA 901 0 0 165-166 Number of Persons in Household Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 165-166 Number of persons in household HSQ 1a 01-18 Persons 7462 1357 2834 167-168 Number of Sample Persons in Household (Computed) Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 167-168 Number of sample persons in household (computed) 01-13 Persons 7462 1357 2834 169-170 Number of Rooms in Home Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 169-170 How many rooms are in this home? FQ E-1 Count the kitchen, but not the bathroom. 01-14 Rooms 7433 1350 2816 88 Blank but applicable 9 1 8 Blank 20 6 10 171 Access to Complete Kitchen Facilities in Home? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 171 Do you have access to complete FQ E-2 kitchen facilities in this home; that is, a kitchen sink with piped water, a refrigerator and a range or cookstove? 1 Yes 7136 1315 2548 2 No 83 10 18 8 Blank but applicable 223 26 258 Blank 20 6 10 172-173 Main Fuel Used for Heating Home Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 172-173 What is the main fuel used for FQ E-3 heating this home? See Note 14 00 No fuel used 538 231 16 01 Oil 4 0 1988 02 Natural gas 5955 78 718 03 Electricity 604 1027 37 04 Bottled gas (propane) 174 2 0 05 Kerosene 13 3 0 06 Wood 98 3 0 07 Coal 0 0 14 08 Other, not specified 0 0 2 09 Other, specified 11 0 8 88 Blank but applicable 45 7 41 Blank 20 6 10 174-175 Main Heating Equipment for Home Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 174-175 What is the main heating equipment FQ E-4 for this home? See Note 14 00 No heating equipment used 538 231 20 01 Steam or hot water with 44 5 1450 radiators or convectors 02 Central warm air furnace with 2677 542 180 ducts to individual rooms, or central heat pump 03 Built-in electric units (per- 474 323 63 manently installed in wall, ceiling or baseboard) 04 Floor, wall or pipeless furnace 1598 46 21 05 Room heaters with flue or vent, 805 17 596 burning oil, gas, or kerosene 06 Room heaters without flue or 847 6 425 vent, burning oil, gas, or kerosene 07 Heating stove burning wood, 88 0 9 coal or coke 08 Fireplace(s) 91 4 0 09 Portable electric heater(s) 139 137 4 10 Other, not specified 0 0 0 11 Other, specified 114 35 16 88 Blank but applicable 1 5 23 99 Don't know 26 0 17 Blank 20 6 10 176-177 Other Types of Equipment Used for Heating Home? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 176-177 Are any other types of equipment FQ E-5 used for heating this home? See Note 14 00 No other heating equipment used 6057 1073 2350 01 Steam or hot water with 0 0 13 radiators or convectors 02 Central warm air furnace with 11 15 7 ducts to individual rooms, or central heat pump 03 Built-in electric units (per- 24 0 2 manently installed in wall, ceiling or baseboard) 04 Floor, wall or pipeless furnace 11 0 0 05 Room heaters with flue or vent, 22 0 3 burning oil, gas, or kerosene 06 Room heaters without flue or 22 1 29 vent, burning oil, gas, or kerosene 07 Heating stove burning wood, 70 0 8 coal or coke 08 Fireplace(s) 449 8 9 09 Portable electric heater(s) 186 18 351 10 Other, not specified 4 2 3 11 Other, specified 18 2 4 88 Blank but applicable 30 1 25 Blank 558 237 30 178-179 Main Fuel Used by Additional Equipment Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 178-179 What is the main fuel used by this FQ E-6 additional equipment? See Note 14 00 No fuel used 2 0 2 01 Oil 0 0 20 02 Natural gas 96 2 27 03 Electricity 214 35 345 04 Bottled gas (propane) 9 0 1 05 Kerosene 2 0 25 06 Wood 471 8 11 07 Coal 2 0 0 08 Other, not specified 0 0 0 09 Other, specified 7 0 0 88 Blank but applicable 44 2 3 Blank 6615 1310 2380 180-181 Main Fuel Used for Cooking in Home Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 180-181 What is the main fuel used for FQ E-7 cooking in this home? 00 No fuel used 21 4 4 01 Oil 14 0 31 02 Natural gas 5899 253 2603 03 Electricity 1295 1083 148 04 Bottled gas (propane) 182 8 12 05 Kerosene 0 0 3 06 Wood 0 0 0 07 Coal 0 0 0 08 Other, not specified 0 0 0 09 Other, specified 14 1 0 88 Blank but applicable 17 2 23 Blank 20 6 10 182 Have Air-Conditioning? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 182 Do you have air-conditioning - FQ E-8 either individual room units, a central system or evaporative cooling? 1 Yes 3583 1254 653 2 No 3845 96 2153 8 Blank but applicable 14 1 18 Blank 20 6 10 183 Type of Air-Conditioning Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 183 Which do you have? FQ E-9 1 Individual room unit 1625 583 613 2 Central air-conditioning 1233 660 22 3 Evaporative cooling 719 6 10 8 Blank but applicable 20 6 26 Blank 3865 102 2163 Sample Weights (Pos. 184-217) 184-189 Examined Final Weight Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 184-189 Examined final weight 000439-002711 7462 - - 000223-000891 - 1357 - 000177-002000 - - 2834 190-195 Interview Final Weight Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 190-195 Interview final weight 000447-002096 7462 - - 000176-000604 - 1357 - 000175-001220 - - 2834 196-213 GTT/Ultrasound, Audiometry/Vision, Pesticide Weights Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes GTT/ULTRASOUND, AUDIOMETRY/VISION, PESTICIDE WEIGHTS By design, only some of the persons in the sample were included in the GTT/ultrasound, audiometry/vision, and pesticide components of the survey. Tape positions for those persons not part of these subsamples are BLANK. 196-201 GTT/ultrasound weight 000843-005302 1777 - - 000469-001685 - 449 - 000349-003110 5685 908 2167 Blank - - 667 202-207 Audiometry/vision weight 000507-006283 4431 - - 000223-001600 - 804 - 000264-003123 - - 1759 Blank 3031 553 1075 208-213 Pesticide weight 000872-005584 2465 - - 000441-001600 - 568 - 000343-003117 - - 1012 Blank 4997 789 1822 214-215 Strata Code Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 214-215 Strata code 01-08 7462 1357 2834 216-217 Pseudo PSU Code Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 216-217 Pseudo PSU code 01-02 7462 1357 2834 Family Relationships (Pos. 218-400) Source Source: Adult Sample Person Questionnaire Family Questionnaire 218-400 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 218-400 Blank Data not yet available NIMH Diagnostic Interview Sched. (DIS) Depression (Pos. 401-485) Source Source: Adult Sample Person Supplement (ASPS) (Ages 20 - 74 Years) 401-404 Tape Number Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 401-404 Tape Number 7462 1357 2834 6523 405-410 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 405-410 Blank 7462 1357 2834 411 Measures of Depression Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 411 Measures of Depression Subset Identifier See Note 15 1 No depression data obtained 10 8 11 2 Depression data obtained 3545 899 1342 Blank Age less than 20 yrs 3907 450 1481 412-413 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 412-413 Blank 7462 1357 2834 414-416 Interviewer Number Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 414-416 Interviewer number 240-890 3544 902 1342 888 Blank, but applicable 11 0 1 Blank 3907 455 1491 417 Language of Interview Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 417 Language of interview (Positions 420-511) ASPS Adult Sample Person Supple- ment 1 English 2029 100 504 2 Spanish 1516 802 839 8 Blank, but applicable 10 0 0 Blank 3907 455 1491 418-419 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 418-419 Blank 7462 1357 2834 420 Two Weeks or More During which You Felt Sad, Blue, Depressed Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 420 In your lifetime, have you ASPS F2 ever had two weeks or more during which you felt sad, blue, depressed or when you lost all interest and pleasure in things that you usually cared about or enjoyed ? 1 Yes 1444 513 749 2 No 2087 384 592 8 Blank, but applicable 24 10 12 Blank 3907 450 1481 421 Period of 2 Weeks or Longer when You Lost Your Appetite? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 421 Has there ever been a ASPS F3 period of two weeks or See Note longer when you lost your 16 appetite ? 1 No 2920 712 941 3 Result of drugs, alcohol or medication 60 8 32 4 Result of physical illness or injury 173 39 133 5 Yes 386 139 232 8 Blank, but applicable 16 9 15 Blank 3907 450 1481 422 Lost Weight Without Trying? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 422 Have you ever lost weight without trying to as much ASPS F4 as two pounds a week for See note several weeks (or as much 16 as ten pounds altogether) ? 1 No 2840 757 942 3 Result of drugs, alcohol or medication 53 4 25 4 Result of physical illness or injury 225 50 162 5 Yes 418 88 209 8 Blank, but applicable 19 8 15 Blank 3907 450 1481 423 Period when Eating Increased? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 423 Have you ever had a period when your eating increased ASPS F5 so much that you gained as See Note much as two pounds a week 16 (or ten pounds altogether) ? 1 No 3007 799 1036 2 Result of drugs, alcohol or medication 44 7 40 4 Result of physical illness or injury 69 12 75 5 Yes 413 81 183 8 Blank, but applicable 22 8 19 Blank 3907 450 1481 424 Appetite Summary Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 424 Appetite summary See Notes 16 1 Code 5 in F3, F4, or F5 900 237 400 and 17 8 Blank, but applicable 14 8 15 Blank 6548 1112 2419 425 Trouble Falling Asleep, Staying Asleep, or Waking Up Early? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 425 Have you ever had a period of two weeks or more when ASPS F6 you had trouble falling See Notes 16 asleep, staying asleep or waking up too early ? 1 No 2759 660 895 3 Result of drugs, alcohol or medication 59 5 24 4 Result of physical illness or injury 127 29 115 5 Yes 594 204 304 8 Blank, but applicable 16 9 15 Blank 3907 405 1481 426 Period when Sleeping Too Much? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 426 Have you ever had a period of two weeks or longer when ASPS F7 you were sleeping too much ? See Notes 16 1 No 3163 838 1176 3 Result of drugs, alcohol or medication 41 6 17 4 Result of physical illness or injury 108 21 63 5 Yes 221 34 82 8 Blank, but applicable 22 8 15 Blank 3907 450 1481 427 Sleep Summary Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 427 Sleep summary See Notes 16 1 Code '5' in F6 or F7 719 221 339 and 17 8 Blank, but applicable 17 8 15 Blank 6726 1128 2480 428 Period when Felt Tired Out all the Time? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 428 Has there ever been a period lasting two weeks or more ASPS F8 when you felt tired out all See Note 16 the time ? 1 No 2559 710 860 3 Result of drugs, alcohol or medication 80 4 23 4 Result of physical illness or injury 342 78 251 5 Yes 549 105 200 8 Blank, but applicable 25 10 19 Blank 3907 450 1481 429 Tired Out Summary Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 429 Tired out summary See Notes 16 1 Code '5' in F6 549 105 200 and 17 8 Blank, but applicable 16 9 18 Blank 6897 1243 2616 430 Period when Talked or Moved More Slowly than Normal? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 430 Has there ever been a period of two weeks or more ASPS F9 when you talked or moved See Note 16 more slowly than is normal for you ? 1 No 3140 822 1063 3 Result of drugs, alcohol or medication 50 2 25 4 Result of physical illness or injury 211 43 170 5 Yes 134 31 80 8 Blank, but applicable 20 9 15 Blank 3907 450 1481 431 Period when had to be Moving all the Time? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 431 Has there ever been a period of two weeks or more ASPS F10 when you had to be moving all See Note 16 the time, that is, you could not sit still and paced up and down ? 1 No 3297 852 1123 3 Result of drugs, alcohol or medication 28 1 16 4 Result of physical illness or injury 58 7 54 5 Yes 152 38 145 8 Blank, but applicable 20 9 15 Blank 3907 450 1481 432 Slow, Restless Summary Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 432 Slow, restless summary See Notes 16 1 Code '5' in F9 or F10 251 58 182 and 17 8 Blank, but applicable 14 8 14 Blank 7197 1291 2638 433 Period when Interest in Sex was Less than Usual? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 433 Was there ever a period of several weeks when your ASPS F11 interest in sex was a lot See Notes less than usual ? 16 and 18 1 No (Go to F12) 2840 744 985 2 Below criterion 469 118 227 3 Result of drugs, alcohol or medication 23 3 12 4 Result of physical illness or injury 56 11 33 5 Yes 123 22 63 6 No interest ever 13 0 7 8 Blank, but applicable 31 9 26 Blank 3907 450 1481 434 Tell Doctor about Decreased Interest in Sex? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 434 Did you tell a doctor or ASPS F11A any other professional See Notes 16 about your decreased and 18 interest in sex ? 1 No 550 131 291 8 Blank, but applicable 26 6 18 Blank 6886 1220 2525 435 Take Medication for Decreased Interest in Sex? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 435 Did you take medication ASPS F11B more than once for your See Notes 16 decreased interest in sex ? and 18 1 No 531 123 284 8 Blank, but applicable 25 6 18 Blank 6906 1228 2532 436 Decreased Interest in Sex Interfere with Life or Activities? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 436 Did your decreased interest ASPS F11C in sex interfere with your See Notes 16 life or activities a lot ? and 18 1 No 469 118 227 8 Blank, but applicable 33 6 20 Blank 6960 1233 2587 437 Sex Summary Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 437 Sex Summary See Notes 16 1 Code '5' in F11 123 22 63 and 17 8 Blank, but applicable 18 8 17 Blank 7321 1327 2754 438 Period when Felt Worthless, Sinful, or Guilty? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 438 Has there ever been a period ASPS F12 of two weeks or more when See Note 16 your felt worthless, sinful or guilty ? 1 No 3028 800 1050 5 Yes 504 98 287 8 Blank, but applicable 23 9 16 Blank 3907 450 1481 439 Worthless Summary Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 439 Worthless Summary See Notes 16 1 Code '5' in F12 504 98 287 and 17 8 Blank, but applicable 17 8 14 Blank 6941 1251 2533 440 Period when had Trouble Concentrating? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 440 Has there ever been a period ASPS F13 of two weeks or more when you See Note 16 had a lot more trouble concen- trating than is normal for you ? 1 No 2994 798 1009 3 Result of medication, alcohol or drugs 47 1 28 4 Result of physical illness or injury 89 10 67 5 Yes 405 90 232 8 Blank, but applicable 20 8 17 Blank 3907 450 1481 441 Period when Thoughts Came Slower or Seemed Mixed Up? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 441 Have you ever had a period of two weeks or more when ASPS F14 your thoughts came much slower See Note 16 than usual or seemed mixed up ? 1 No 3111 797 1047 3 Result of medication, alcohol or drugs 43 2 26 4 Result of physical illness or injury 70 12 63 5 Yes 306 87 199 8 Blank, but applicable 25 9 18 Blank 3907 450 1481 442 Trouble Thinking Summary Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 442 Trouble thinking summary See Notes 16 1 Code '5' in F13 or F14 482 102 280 and 17 8 Blank, but applicable 19 8 16 Blank 6961 1247 2538 443 Period when Thought about Death? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 443 Has there ever been a period ASPS F15 of two weeks or more when See Note 16 you thought a lot about death - either your own, someone else's or death in general ? 1 No 2782 713 907 5 Yes 754 186 430 8 Blank, but applicable 19 8 16 Blank 3907 450 1481 444 Period when Felt Like You Wanted to Die? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 444 Has there ever been a period ASPS F16 of two weeks or more when you See Note 16 felt like you wanted to die ? 1 No 3175 778 1056 5 Yes 361 120 280 8 Blank, but applicable 19 9 17 Blank 3907 450 1481 445 Felt so Low You Thought of Committing Suicide? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 445 Have you ever felt so low ASPS F17 you thought of committing See Note 16 suicide ? 1 No 3248 848 1139 5 Yes 290 50 196 8 Blank, but applicable 17 9 18 Blank 3907 450 1481 446 Attempted Suicide? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 446 Have you ever attempted ASPS F18 suicide ? See Note 16 1 No 3426 880 1216 5 Yes 111 18 121 8 Blank, but applicable 18 9 16 Blank 3907 450 1481 447 Death Summary Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 447 Death summary See Note 16 1 Code '5' in F15-F18 952 247 519 and 17 8 Blank, but applicable 15 8 17 Blank 6495 1102 2298 448 Depression Summary Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 448 Depression summary ASPS F19 1 Less than 4 summary See Note 19 boxes checked 3216 856 1134 (Go to next section G1) 2 4 or more summary boxes checked and a No in F2.(GO TO F22) 40 1 14 3 4 or more summary boxes checked and a Yes in F2.(GO TO F20) 284 43 192 8 Blank, but applicable 15 7 13 Blank 3907 450 1481 449 Feelings of Depression and Other Prob. Occurred in Same Mo.? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 449 You said you've had a period of feeling depressed/(RESPON- ASPS F20 DENT'S EQUIVALENT) and also See Note 19 said you've had some other problems (MENTION ALL QUESTIONS CODED '5' IN F3-F18). Has there ever been a time when the feel- ings of (depression/RESPONDENT'S EQUIVALENT) and some of these other problems occurred that is within the same month ? 1 Yes 212 38 166 2 No 69 4 20 8 Blank, but applicable 18 8 19 Blank 7163 1307 2629 450 Never Felt Depressed and had Other Problems at Same Time? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 450 So there's never been a period when you felt (depressed/(RES- ASPS F21 PONDENT'S EQUIVALENT) at the See Note 19 same time you were having some of these other problems ? 1 Has been a period (GO TO F24) 17 0 2 2 Never been a period (GO TO G1) 52 4 18 8 Blank, but applicable 18 8 19 Blank 7375 1345 2795 451 Time when Several Problems Occurred Together? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 451 You said you have had periods when (MENTION ALL QUESTIONS ASPS F22 CODED '5' IN F3-F18). Was there See Note 19 ever a time when several of these problems occurred together - that is, within the same month ? 1 Yes 19 0 7 2 No (Go to G1) 18 1 4 8 Blank, but applicable 18 5 13 Blank 7407 1351 2810 452 Felt Okay,Low,Gloomy,Blue,Uninterested when had Problems? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 452 When you were having some of these problems at about the ASPS F23 same time, were you feeling See Note 19 okay, or were you feeling low, gloomy, blue or uninterested in everything ? 1 Okay (GO TO G1) 3 0 0 2 Low or equivalent 16 0 5 8 Blank, but applicable 18 5 15 Blank 7425 1352 2814 453-455 Longest Period You Felt Depressed & had Other Problems Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 453-454 What's the longest spell you've ever had when you felt (depressed/ ASPS F24 RESPONDENT'S EQUIVALENT) and had See Note 20 several of these other problems at the same time ? 01-40 Number of times 246 38 173 88 Blank, but applicable 20 6 24 Blank 7196 1313 2637 455 Weeks, months, or years ASPS F24 1 Weeks 68 7 40 2 Months 136 22 91 3 Years 41 9 43 8 Blank, but applicable 21 6 23 Blank 7196 1313 2637 456 Check Item for F24 Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 456 Check item for F24 ASPS F25 1 Less than 2 weeks in F24 See Note 20 (GO TO G1a) 26 3 17 2 Other 221 35 160 8 Blank, but applicable 19 6 20 456 Check Item for F24 Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 456 Check item for F24 ASPS F25 1 Less than 2 weeks in F24 See Note 20 (GO TO G1a) 26 3 17 2 Other 221 35 160 8 Blank, but applicable 19 6 20 Blank 7196 1313 2637 457 More than One Spell when Felt Depressed w/Other Problems? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 457 Have you had more than one ASPS F26 spell when you felt (depressed/ See Note 20 RESPONDENT'S EQUIVALENT) and had several of these other problems at the same time ? 1 Yes 126 24 124 2 No 94 11 35 8 Blank, but applicable 20 6 21 Blank 7222 1316 2654 458 Did Spell Occur after Someone Close Died? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 458 Did (this spell/any of those ASPS F27 spell(s) occur just after some- See Note 20 one close to you died ? (IF VOLUNTEERS BEGAN MORE THAN 2 MONTHS AFTER DEATH, MARK 'NO' AND SKIP TO F29) 1 Yes 84 13 60 2 No (GO TO F29) 136 22 99 8 Blank, but applicable 20 6 21 Blank 7222 1316 2654 459 Spell of Depression along w/Other Prob. Not Due to Death? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 459 Have you had any spell of depression along with these ASPS F28 other problems (such as See Note 20 MENTION SOME PROBLEMS CODED '5' IN F3-F18) at times when it wasn't due to a death ? 1 Only due to death 35 4 12 2 Other times or not due to death 49 9 48 8 Blank, not applicable 20 6 21 Blank 7358 1338 2753 460 In Spell of Feeling Low or Disinterested Now? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 460 Are you in one of these spells ASPS F29 of feeling low or disinterested See Note 20 and having some of these other problems now ? 1 Yes (GO TO F31) 78 14 75 2 No 142 21 84 8 Blank, but applicable 20 6 21 Blank 7222 1316 2654 461 When did Last Spell End? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 461 When did your last spell like ASPS F30 that end ? See Note 20 1 Within last 2 weeks 11 0 9 2 Within last month 6 2 4 3 Within last 6 months 29 8 16 4 Within last year 17 4 15 5 More than 1 year ago 79 7 39 8 Blank, but applicable 20 6 22 Blank 7300 1330 2729 462 Check Item Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 462 Check item See Note 20 1 Yes in F26 (F32) 126 24 124 2 More than 52 weeks or more than 1 year in F24 (F32) 9 2 8 3 Other (GO TO F33) 85 9 28 8 Blank, but applicable 20 6 20 Blank 7222 1316 2654 463-464 Age when Felt Depressed? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 463-464 Now I'd like to know about the time when you were feeling ASPS F32 (depressed/RESPONDENT'S EQUI- See Note 20 VALENT) for at least 2 weeks and had the largest number of these problems at the same time. How old were you at that time ? (IF CAN'T CHOOSE: Then pick one bad spell.) 04-73 Years 132 25 131 88 Blank, but applicable 23 7 21 Blank 7307 1325 2682 465 During Spell of Depression did You Lose Weight? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 465 (If 'yes' in F3): Did you lose ASPS F34 your appetite ? See Note 21 1 Yes 118 22 92 2 No 16 3 3 8 Blank, but applicable 17 8 16 Blank 7311 1324 2723 466 Lose Weight without Trying to? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 466 (If 'yes' in F4): Did you lose weight without trying ASPS F35 to-as much as two pounds a See Note 21 week for several weeks (or as much as ten pounds altogether) ? 1 Yes 86 13 76 2 No 15 3 11 8 Blank, but applicable 17 8 17 Blank 7344 1333 2730 467 Eating Increase so Much You Gained 2 Pounds a Week? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 467 (If yes in F5): Did your eating increase so much that you ASPS F36 gained as much as two pounds a See Note 21 week for several weeks (or ten pounds altogether) ? 1 Yes 34 7 37 2 No 39 2 27 8 Blank, but applicable 17 7 18 Blank 7372 1341 2752 468 During Spell of Depression did You have Trouble with Sleep? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 468 (If 'yes' in F6): Did you have ASPS F37 trouble falling asleep, staying See Note 21 asleep or waking up too early ? 1 Yes 141 26 110 2 No 9 0 2 8 Blank, but applicable 19 8 16 Blank 7293 1323 2706 469 Sleeping Too Much? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 469 (If 'yes' in F7): Were ASPS F38 you sleeping too much ? See Note 21 1 Yes 39 5 32 2 No 18 2 16 8 Blank, but applicable 14 7 13 Blank 7391 1343 2773 470 Tired Out all the Time? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 470 (If 'yes' in F8): Were you ASPS F39 tired out all the time ? See Note 21 1 Yes 127 20 102 2 No 24 0 3 8 Blank, but applicable 20 8 17 Blank 7291 1329 2712 471 During Spell of Depression did You Talk or Move More Slowly? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 471 (If 'yes' in F9): Did you ASPS F40 talk or move more slowly See Note 21 than is normal for you ? 1 Yes 60 15 51 2 No 8 0 6 8 Blank, but applicable 17 7 15 Blank 7377 1355 2762 472 Have to be Moving all the Time? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 472 (If 'yes' in F10): Did you ASPS F41 have to be moving all the See Note 21 time-that is you couldn't sit still and paced up and down ? 1 Yes 43 15 69 2 No 14 0 5 8 Blank, but applicable 15 7 16 Blank 7390 1335 2744 473 During Spell of Depression was Your Interest in Sex Less? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 473 (If 'yes' in F11): Was your ASPS F42 interest in sex a lot less See Note 21 than usual ? 1 Yes 34 8 29 2 No 6 0 5 8 Blank, but applicable 19 7 15 Blank 7403 1342 2785 474 During Spell of Depression Feel Worthless, Sinful, Guilty? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 474 (If 'yes' in F12): Did you ASPS F43 feel worthless, sinful or See Note 21 guilty ? 1 Yes 143 25 101 2 No 19 0 6 8 Blank, but applicable 17 7 20 Blank 7283 1325 2707 475 During Spell of Depression have Trouble Concentrating? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 475 (If 'yes' in F13): Did you ASPS F44 have a lot more trouble See Note 21 concentrating than is normal for you ? 1 Yes 135 26 109 2 No 22 1 9 8 Blank, but applicable 17 8 20 Blank 7288 1322 2696 476 During Spell of Depression did Thoughts Come Slower? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 476 (If 'yes' in F14): Did your ASPS F45 thoughts come much slower See Note 21 than usual or seem mixed up ? 1 Yes 105 29 95 2 No 11 1 5 8 Blank, but applicable 18 7 14 Blank 7328 1320 2720 477 During Spell of Depression did You Think a lot about Death? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 477 (If 'yes' in F15): Did you think a lot about death - ASPS F46 either your own, someone See Note 21 else's or death in general ? 1 Yes 109 23 103 2 No 27 4 9 8 Blank, but applicable 20 8 18 Blank 7306 1322 2704 478 During Spell of Depression did You Want to Die? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 478 (If 'yes' in F16): Did you ASPS F47 feel like you wanted to die ? See Note 21 1 Yes 91 18 92 2 No 15 3 9 8 Blank, but applicable 20 8 20 Blank 7336 1328 2713 479 During Spell of Depression Think of Committing Suicide? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 479 (If 'yes' in F17): Did you ASPS F48 feel so low that you thought See Note 21 of committing suicide ? 1 Yes 63 8 68 2 No 17 5 8 8 Blank, but applicable 17 8 19 Blank 7365 1336 2739 480 During Spell of Depression did You Attempt Suicide? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During (this/that) spell of (depression/RESPONDESNT'S EQUIVALENT) which of these other problems did you have ? For instance, during that spell: FOR F34-F49, READ EACH QUESTION WITH A CHECK (YES) IN BOX 5. 480 (If 'yes' in F18): Did you ASPS F49 attempt suicide ? See Note 21 1 Yes 21 4 34 2 No 13 1 16 8 Blank, but applicable 16 8 15 Blank 7412 1344 2769 481 Diagnostic Variable for Major Depressive Episode Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 481 DIAGNOSTIC VARIABLE FOR MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE See Note 22 DEPRESS The lifetime DSM-III diagnosis of major depressive episode. 0 No major depression 3364 867 1200 1 DSM-III major depression 150 29 126 2 Bereavement 25 3 11 8 Blank, but applicable 16 8 16 Blank 3907 450 1481 482-485 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 482-485 Blank 7462 1357 2834 Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (Pos. 486-520) Source Source Adult Sample Person Supplement (ASPS) (Ages 20-74 years) 486 Bothered by Thing than Usually don't Bother Me? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 486 I was bothered by things ASPS G1a that usually don't bother me See Note 23 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2714 730 933 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 388 74 185 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 89 15 68 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 147 29 149 8 Blank, but applicable 217 59 18 Blank 3907 450 1481 487 Didn't Feel Like Eating? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 487 I did not feel like eating; ASPS G1b my appetite was poor 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2806 762 988 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 326 42 134 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 92 7 59 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 117 37 155 8 Blank, but applicable 214 59 17 Blank 3907 450 1481 488 Couldn't Shake Off the Blues? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 488 I felt that I could not shake ASPS G1c off the blues even with help from my family or friends 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2829 733 972 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 272 60 121 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 90 8 55 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 149 47 187 8 Blank, but applicable 215 59 18 Blank 3907 450 1481 489 Felt I was Just as Good as Other People? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 489 I felt I was just as good as ASPS G1d other people See Note 24 0 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 2240 747 1033 1 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 211 21 74 2 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 193 9 69 3 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 683 68 158 8 Blank, but applicable 228 62 19 Blank 3907 450 1481 490 Trouble Keeping Mind of what I was Doing? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 490 I had trouble keeping my mind ASPS G1e on what I was doing 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2532 692 880 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 484 95 182 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 138 19 82 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 185 42 190 8 Blank, but applicable 216 59 19 Blank 3907 450 1481 491 Felt Depressed? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 491 I felt depressed ASPS G1f 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2478 660 787 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 541 110 208 2 Occasionally, or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 141 18 91 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 175 60 248 8 Blank, but applicable 220 59 19 Blank 3907 450 1481 492 Felt Everything Done was an Effort? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 492 I felt that everything I did ASPS G1g was an effort 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2343 706 802 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 344 59 158 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 173 12 82 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 473 71 292 8 Blank, but applicable 222 59 19 Blank 3907 450 1481 493 Felt Hopeful about Future? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 493 I felt hopeful about the ASPS G1h future See Note 24 0 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 1858 620 617 1 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 298 32 104 2 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 236 41 132 3 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 923 149 478 8 Blank, but applicable 240 65 22 Blank 3907 450 1481 494 Thought Life had been a Failure? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 494 I thought my life had been a ASPS G1i failure 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2981 771 1011 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 192 46 116 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 52 8 43 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 112 22 163 8 Blank, but applicable 218 60 20 Blank 3907 450 1481 495 Felt Fearful? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 495 I felt fearful ASPS G1j 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2860 779 1021 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 279 41 149 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 81 8 43 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 115 20 119 8 Blank, but applicable 220 59 21 Blank 3907 450 1481 496 Sleep was Restless? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 496 My sleep was restless ASPS G1k 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2481 647 804 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 465 96 202 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 162 32 93 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 231 73 233 8 Blank, but applicable 216 59 21 Blank 3907 450 1481 497 Happy? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 497 I was happy ASPS G1l 0 Most or all of the time See Note 24 (5-7 days) 2567 673 818 1 Occasionally, or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 348 62 182 2 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 217 53 152 3 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 195 59 176 8 Blank, but applicable 228 60 25 Blank 3907 450 1481 498 Talked Less than Usual Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 498 I talked less than usual ASPS G1m 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2745 754 994 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 306 62 114 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 128 11 76 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 138 20 148 8 Blank, but applicable 238 60 21 Blank 3907 450 1481 499 Felt Lonely? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 499 I felt lonely ASPS G1n 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2712 732 872 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 332 60 153 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 118 13 74 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 174 43 233 8 Blank, but applicable 219 59 21 Blank 3907 450 1481 500 People were Unfriendly? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 500 People were unfriendly ASPS G1o 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2902 750 1076 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 274 44 124 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 63 7 42 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 100 44 90 8 Blank, but applicable 216 62 21 Blank 3907 450 1481 501 Enjoyed Life? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 501 I enjoyed life ASPS G1p 0 Most or all of the time See Note 24 (5-7 days) 2467 690 881 1 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 228 32 122 2 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 200 44 127 3 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 438 81 202 8 Blank, but applicable 222 60 21 Blank 3907 450 1481 502 Had Crying Spells? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 502 I had crying spells ASPS G1q 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2869 765 1022 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 315 55 157 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 83 8 49 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 71 20 102 8 Blank, but applicable 217 59 23 Blank 3907 450 1481 503 Felt Sad? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 503 I felt sad ASPS G1r 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2453 663 751 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 599 108 286 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 139 14 104 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 150 63 193 8 Blank, but applicable 214 59 19 Blank 3907 450 1481 504 Felt People Disliked Me? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 504 I felt that people disliked me ASPS G1s 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2999 798 1098 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 232 30 120 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 35 3 37 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 72 16 79 8 Blank, but applicable 217 60 19 Blank 3907 455 1481 505 Could Not Get "Going"? Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes During the past week, that would be from (date) through today: 505 I could not get "going" ASPS G1t 0 Rarely, or none of the time (less than 1 day) 2798 751 956 1 Some or a little of the time (1-2 days) 333 54 175 2 Occasionally or a moderate amount of time (3-4 days) 88 7 48 3 Most or all of the time (5-7 days) 119 36 155 8 Blank, but applicable 217 59 19 Blank 3907 450 1481 506-510 CES-D Total Score Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 506-510 CES-D Total Score See Note 25 00.00-60.00 Total CES-D Score 3341 848 1334 88.00 Blank, but applicable 214 59 19 Blank 3907 450 1481 511 CES-D Caseness Score Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 511 CES-D Caseness Score (Total See Note 26 score greater than or equal to 16) 0 No current depressive state 2884 755 934 1 Current depressive state 457 93 400 8 Blank, but applicable 214 59 19 Blank 3907 450 1481 512-520 Blank Tape Counts Source Location Item Description and Code M C P and Notes 512-520 Blank 7462 1357 2834 GENERAL NOTES, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC AND DEPRESSION DATA Family Questionnaire Missing A Family Questionnaire was to be completed for each eligible family in a household with sample persons. However, a few Family Questionnaires are missing. Data records for sample persons in families with missing questionnaires are flagged with a code = 1, and all family data are blank. Data records for sample persons in families with a Family Questionnaire are flagged with a code = 2. During the Mexican-American portion of the HHANES survey, a Family Questionnaire continuation booklet containing sample person information was lost for one sample person. Therefore, the sociodemographic data for this sample person are missing. The reference person, family composition, income, residence, and household data for this person were obtained from another person in the household. Examination Status Not all sample persons consented to come to a Mobile Examination Center to participate in the examination phase of the survey. In certain rare instances (less than 0.1%), sample persons who came to the Mobile Examination Centers did not participate in sufficient components of the examination to be considered as "examined." This data field contains code = 1 for those persons who participated fully in the examination phase, and code = 2 for those who did not come to the examination center or who did not satisfactorily complete the examination. Family Number In HHANES, all household members who were related by blood, marriage, or adoption were considered to be one "family." All sample persons in the same family unit have the same computer-generated family unit code. Head of Family Relationship of Sample Person to Head of Family (Pos. 44-45) Each family containing sample persons has a designated "head of family," and the relationship of each sample person to the head of his or her family is coded in tape positions 44-45. The first three categories of this variable describe the "head" of three different kinds of families. o Code '01' identifies sample persons who lived alone (i.e., "head" of one-person families, no unrelated individuals living in the household). o Code '02' identifies sample persons who lived only with unrelated persons. o Code '03' identifies sample persons who were "heads" of families containing at least one other person (whether or not the household included additional families unrelated to the sample person). Sociodemographic Data (Pos. 100-131) This data tape includes some sociodemographic data about the head of each sample person's family (Section F). Because there can only be one "head" per family, the data in this section (positions 100-131) are the same for all sample persons in the same family (i.e., with the same family number codes in positions 39-43). If the sample person is the head of his or her family, the data in positions 100-131 are the same as in the corresponding positions in Section E. Observed Race "Race" was observed by the interviewer for all sample persons actually seen. Rules for classification of observed race were consistent with those used in the NHANES II and the National Health Interview Survey at that time. The categories were coded as follows: White Includes Spanish origin persons unless they are definitely Black, Indian or other nonwhite. Black Black or Negro. Other Race other than White or Black, including Japanese, Chinese, American Indian, Korean, Eskimo. National Origin or Ancestry The value for national origin or ancestry is based on Item 2c in the Household Screener Questionnaire and was reported by the household respondent for all household members. In the Mexican-American portion of the survey, if "other Latin-American or other Spanish" (code 9) or "Other" (code 0) was recorded and the specified origin was "Spanish-American" or "Spanish (Spain)", a code of 10 or 11, respectively, was assigned. In all three portions of the survey, if more than one category was reported, the first appropriate "Hispanic" code, if any, was assigned (codes 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, or 11 in the Mexican-American portion; codes 6 or 7 in the Cuban-American portion; codes 4 or 5 in the Puerto Rican portion). If none of these codes was recorded, the first category entered was coded. Codes for States and Foreign Countries Code State or Foreign Country 001 Alabama 002 Alaska 004 Arizona 005 Arkansas 006 California 008 Colorado 009 Connecticut 010 Delaware 011 District of Columbia 012 Florida 013 Georgia 015 Hawaii 016 Idaho 017 Illinois 018 Indiana 019 Iowa 020 Kansas 021 Kentucky 022 Louisiana 023 Maine 024 Maryland 025 Massachusetts 026 Michigan 027 Minnesota 028 Mississippi 029 Missouri 030 Montana 031 Nebraska 032 Nevada 033 New Hampshire 034 New Jersey 035 New Mexico 036 New York 037 North Carolina 038 North Dakota 039 Ohio 040 Oklahoma 041 Oregon 042 Pennsylvania 044 Rhode Island 045 South Carolina 046 South Dakota 047 Tennessee 048 Texas 049 Utah 050 Vermont 051 Virginia 053 Washington 054 West Virginia 055 Wisconsin 056 Wyoming 060 American Samoa 093 Canada 061 Canal Zone 062 Canton and Enderbury Islands 091 Central America 095 Costa Rica 063 Cuba 064 Dominican Republic 065 El Salvador 062 Enderbury Islands 087 Germany 066 Guam 068 Guatemala 069 Haiti 088 Honduras 070 Jamaica 090 Japan 067 Johnston Atoll 080 Mexico 071 Midway Islands 081 Nicaragua 096 Palestine 097 Austria 098 Lebanon 099 Chile 100 Philippines 101 Brazil 102 Holland 103 Colombia 082 Panama 072 Puerto Rico 092 Saudi Arabia 083 Spain 094 Taiwan 089 Turkey 084 Uruguay 085 Venezuela 073 Ryukyu Islands, Southern 074 Swan Islands 075 Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands (includes Caroline, Mariana and Marshall Island groups) 076 U.S. miscellaneous Caribbean Islands (includes Navassa Islands, Quito Sueno Bank, Roncador Cay, Serrana Bank and Serranilla Bank) 077 U.S. miscellaneous Pacific Islands (includes Kingman Reef, Howland, Baker & Jarvis Islands, and Palmyra Atoll) 086 United States 078 Virgin Islands 079 Wake Island 104 Azores 105 Peru 106 England 107 Vietnam 108 Italy 109 Ecuador 110 North America 111 Surinam 112 Argentina 113 Portugal 114 Trinidad 115 Egypt 116 Sudan 117 British Honduras 118 China 888 Blank but applicable National Origin Recode General Information In the HHANES, if any household member was identified as "Hispanic" (as defined below), all household members, regardless of origin, were eligible to be selected as sample persons. The national origin recode specifies whether a sample person is considered to be "Hispanic" or "not Hispanic" for purposes of analysis. "Hispanic" is defined as: Mexican-American, residing in selected counties of Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, and California; Cuban-American, residing in Dade County (Miami), Florida; or Puerto Rican, residing in the New York City area, including parts of New Jersey and Connecticut Southwest Portion 1) If the original national origin or ancestry code on the Household Screener Questionnaire was 1, 2, 3, 8, 10, or 11, then National origin recode = 1; 2) If national origin or ancestry was 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, or 0 but the person specified Mexican/Mexicano, Chicano, or Mexican-American self-identification on the Adult Sample Person Questionnaire (question M10), or the person was the biological child of a household member with Recode equal to 1 (as determined by questions A-1/A-11 on the Family Questionnaire), then National origin recode = 1; 3) In all other cases, National origin recode = 2. Dade County, Florida Portion 1) If the original national origin or ancestry code was 6 or 7, then National origin recode = 1; 2) In all other cases, National origin recode = 2. New York City Area Portion 1) If the original national origin or ancestry code was 4 or 5, then National origin recode = 1. 2) If national origin or ancestry was 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 0 but the person specified Boricuan or Puerto Rican self-identification on the Adult Sample Person Questionnaire (question M10), or the person was the biological child of a household member with Recode equal to 1 (as determined by questions A-1/A-11 on the Family Questionnaire), then National origin recode = 1. 3) In all other cases, National origin recode = 2. Use of National Origin Recode The national origin recode may be used in analysis in one of two ways: a. Selecting on Recode = 1 will restrict analysis to "Hispanics" only. In this case, in the Southwest portion of the survey, the weighted estimates by age and sex will approximately equal U.S. Bureau of Census population estimates of the number of Mexican Americans and a small proportion of other Hispanics assumed to be Hispano in the five Southwest States (Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas) at the midpoint of the Mexican-American portion of HHANES - March 1983. The weighted estimates of Cuban Americans represents an independent estimate of the number of Cuban Americans in Dade County at the midpoint, February 1984. The weighted estimates of Puerto Ricans represents an independent estimate of the number of Puerto Ricans in the sample counties in New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut at the midpoint of the Puerto Rican portion - September 1984. b. Using Recode greater than 0, that is, all sample persons, will include "Hispanic" and "not Hispanic" persons and the Southwest weighted estimates by age and sex will overestimate the U.S. Bureau of the Census population estimates of Mexican Americans and other Hispanics by about 4.5 percent. In Dade County, using recode greater than 0 will increase the weighted estimates by about 5.3 percent over that for Cuban Americans only, using recode greater than 0 for the New York area will increase the weighted estimates by about 9.2 percent over that for Puerto Ricans only. Industry and Occupation Code Family Questionnaire questions B-12 through B-15 (see page 117 or 139 of Ref. No 1 in Section C) identified sample persons 17 years old or older who were in the labor force working for pay at a job or business or who worked without pay in a family business or farm operated by a related member of the household without receiving wages or salary for work performed. Questions B-17 through B-22 provided a full description of sample persons' current or most recent job or business. The detail asked for in these questions was necessary to properly and accurately code each occupation and industry. Interviewers were trained to define a job as a definite arrangement for regular work for pay every week or every month. This included arrangements for either regular or part-time or regular full-time work. If a sample person was absent from his or her regular job, worked at more than one job, was on layoff from a job or was looking for work during the two week reference period, interviewers were trained to use the following criteria to determine the job described: a. If a sample person worked at more than one job during the two week reference period or operated a farm or business and also worked for someone else, the job at which he or she worked the most hours was described. If the sample person worked the same number of hours at all jobs, the job at which he or she had been employed the longest was entered. If the sample person was employed at all jobs the same length of time, the job the sample person considered the main job was entered. b. If a sample person was absent from his or her regular job all of the two week reference period, but worked temporarily at another job, the job at which the sample person actually worked was described, not the job from which he or she was absent. c. If a sample person had a job but did not work at all during the two week reference period, the job he or she held was described. d. If a sample person was on layoff during the two week reference period, the job from which he or she was laid off, regardless of whether a full-time or part-time job, was described. e. If a sample person was looking for work or waiting to begin a new job within 30 days of the interview, the last full-time civilian job which lasted two consecutive weeks or more was described. The 1980 census of population Alphabetical Index of Industries and Occupations was used in the coding of both industry and occupation. This book has Library of Congress Number 80-18360, and is for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 for $3.00. Its Stock Number is 003024049-2. Health Insurance a. In the Health Insurance section of the Family Questionnaire, up to three separate health insurance plans could be reported for a family. Each sample person could have been covered by any combination of the three, or by none at all. In order to simplify the health insurance coverage data, the information on all reported plans was combined to a single variable for each sample person, i.e., whether or not the person is covered by any plan (position 74). For all persons covered by at least one plan, information on the type of coverage is then indicated: position 75 specifies whether any of the sample person's plans pays hospital expenses and position 76 specifies whether any of the sample person's plans pays doctor's or surgeon's bills. b. For all sample persons who were not covered by Medicare or any health insurance plan, the reasons for not being covered were ascertained. Positions 77-78 contain the main or only reason reported. For persons with one or more additional reasons, the first (lowest) code entered on the questionnaire was coded in positions 79-80. Per Capita Income Per capita income was computed by dividing the total combined family income by the number of people in the family. Poverty Index The poverty index is a ratio of two components. The numerator is the midpoint of the income bracket reported for each family in the Family Questionnaire (E-11). Respondents were asked to report total combined family income during the 12 months preceding the interview. The denominator is a poverty threshold which varied with the number of persons in the family, the adult/child composition of the family, the age of the reference person, and the month and the year in which the family was interviewed. Poverty thresholds published in Bureau of the Census reports* are based on calendar years and were adjusted to reflect differences caused by inflation between calendar years and 12 month income reference periods to which question E-11 referred. Average Consumer Price Indexes for all Urban consumers (CPI-U) for the calendar year for which the poverty thresholds were published (see table below) and for the 12 months representing the income reference period for the respondent were calculated. The percentage difference between these two numbers represents the inflation between these two periods and was applied to the poverty threshold appropriate for the family (based on the characteristics listed above). For example, for a family interviewed in November, 1983, the 1982 poverty threshold was updated to reflect inflation by multiplying by the percent change in the average CPI-U for the 12 month reference period, which would have been November, 1982 through October, 1983, over the calendar year January through December, 1982, in this example. To compute poverty indexes, the midpoint of the total combined family income bracket was divided by the updated poverty threshold. *U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 138, "Characteristics of the Population Below the Poverty Level: 1981", U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., March 1983. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 144, "Characteristics of the Population Below the Poverty Level: 1982", U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., March 1984. Average Consumer Price Index, all Urban consumers (CPI-U), U. S., city average, 1981-84 Month Year 1981 1982 1983 1984 January 260.5 282.5 293.1 305.2 February 263.2 283.4 293.2 306.6 March 265.1 283.1 293.4 307.3 April 266.8 284.3 295.5 308.8 May 269.0 287.1 297.1 309.7 June 271.3 290.6 298.1 310.7 July 274.4 292.2 299.3 311.7 August 276.5 292.8 300.3 313.0 September 279.3 293.3 301.8 October 279.9 294.1 302.6 November 280.7 293.6 303.1 December 281.5 292.4 303.5 Average 272.4 289.1 298.4 Source: U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics Members of families with incomes equal to or greater than poverty thresholds have poverty indexes equal to or greater than 1.0 and can be described as "at or above poverty"; those with incomes less than the poverty threshold have indexes less than 1.0 and can be described as "below poverty". Poverty thresholds used were computed on a national basis only. No attempt was made to adjust these thresholds for regional, State, or other variations in the cost of living. None of the noncash public welfare benefits such as food stamp bonuses were included in the income of the low income families receiving these benefits. Size of Place and SMSA Codes for size of place and SMSA were obtained from Bureau of Census summary tape files (STF1B). A place is a concentration of population. Most places are incorporated as cities, towns, villages or boroughs, but others are defined by the Bureau of the Census around definite residential nuclei with dense, city-type street patterns, with, ideally, at least 1,000 persons per square mile. The boundaries of Census defined places may not coincide with civil divisions. A Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA) is a large population nucleus and nearby communities which have a high degree of economic and social integration with that nucleus. Generally, an SMSA includes one or more central cities, all urbanized areas around the city or cities, and the remainder of the county or counties in which the urbanized areas are located. SMSAs are designated by the Office of Management and Budget. The same place size and SMSA codes were assigned to all persons in the same segment (for the definition of segments see Ref. No. 1 in Section C). In a few cases segments were divided by place boundaries. In these cases codes were assigned after inspecting segment maps. If the segment was predominantly in one place, then the place code for that place was used. If the segment was approximately evenly divided, the code for the larger place was used. Home Heating Questions E-3 through E-6, pertaining to the main fuel and equipment used for heating the home, appear to have codes which are inconsistent. It has been verified that these are the codes that were recorded on the original document; that is, codes that appear inconsistent were not incorrectly keyed. Blank Records Not all sample persons who came to the Mobile Examination Center to participate in the examination phase of the survey were given the Adult Sample Person Supplement which contained the measures of depression. In HHANES, there were 10 persons in the Mexican-American portion, 8 in the Cuban-American portion, and 11 in the Puerto Rican portion for which this was the case. Reasons for the nonadministration of this questionnaire to these people were primarily related to lack of time. This data field contains code = '1' for those persons who did not receive the DIS or CES-D depression questions and code = '2' for those who were asked the depression questions. When code '1' appears, the remaining data fields will be coded with '8's signifying "Blank, but applicable." A blank in this field means that the sample person was less than 20 years of age and was not eligible for the depression questions. Lifetime Symptoms of Depression The questionnaire inquires about whether a symptom has occurred at any time in life (F3-18). Each of these DIS symptom questions can take a value of "1", "3", "4", or "5". There is no "2". The value "1" means the respondent said "no." If the respondent said "yes", additional "probe" questions were asked (See Ref. No. 1, p. 428). First, the respondent was asked if the symptom was always due to use of medicine, alcohol or drugs. If the respondent said "yes" then a "3" was coded. If the respondent said "no" then he/she was next asked whether the symptom always occurred when he/she had a physical illness or injury that might have caused it. If the respondent said "yes" then a "4" was coded. If the respondent said "no" then a "5" was coded. A value of "5" indicates that the possibility of this being a symptom of a mental disorder cannot be ruled out. Summary Questions The lifetime depression symptom questions (F3-18) are arranged in groups, each of which approximates one of the diagnostic criteria in Section B of the definition of major depressive episode from the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Third Edition (DSM-III) (Section O). Positions 424, 427, 429, 432, 437, 439, 442, and 447 are summary questions. They ask the interviewer whether or not the respondent had a code "5" in the preceding group of questions. They correspond to the eight symptoms of major depressive episodes listed in the DSM-III. The "Blank" code in each of these summary questions includes all respondents who denied having the symptoms, as well as all respondents under 20 years of age. Decreased Interest in Sex If the respondent answered "yes" to the initial question (decreased interest in sex), a series of additional questions was asked (F11A-C). If the respondent answered "no" to all three questions, then a code "2" was entered for F11, indicating that the symptom was below the diagnostic threshold. If the respondent answered "yes" to any one of the three additional questions (F11A-C), then the normal "probe" questions (Ref. No. 1, p. 428) were asked, leading to an assignment of values 3, 4, or 5, that is, whether the symptom was always due to medicine, alcohol or drugs or to physical illness or injury; any remaining parts of F11A-C were skipped. "Yes" responses to F11A-C were not coded on the data tape. Persons responding "yes" to these additional questions may be identified by executing a programming algorithm such as the following: If F11 equals 2-8 and F11A is blank, make F11A yes (n=139); If F11A equals 1 or 8, and F11B is blank, make F11B yes (n=20); If F11B equals 1 or 8, and F11C is blank, make F11C yes (n=54). If the respondent volunteered that he/she had never been interested in sex, the original value of "8" was recoded to "6" to avoid confusion with the standard interpretation of an "8" code (blank but applicable). Several Gateways or Decision Points Item F19 asks the interviewer whether four or more summary boxes were checked. If fewer than four were marked, all the remaining DIS depression questions were skipped and the interviewer moved to the CES-D questions (G1a-G1t). The remaining DIS questions were coded as blank on the data tape. If a respondent had four or more DMS-III symptoms during his/her life (F19), the interviewer asked one of two parallel series of questions to determine whether questions pertaining to the worst episode of depression should be asked. Section A: F19 was coded "2" if there were four or more symptoms of depression, and the respondent answered "no" to the initial question (F2) about ever having had two weeks or more of feeling sad, blue or depressed. F22 was then asked to determine if several of the depressive symptoms (F3-18) were clustered together in the same month. If the answer to this was "no", then the remaining DIS depression questions were skipped. If the answer was "yes" then F23 was asked, which elicits symptoms of "masked depression." Although only major depression is diagnosed by HHANES, DSM-III also allows a diagnosis of depression in the absence of a dysphoric mood, if the person had a "loss of interest or pleasure in all or almost all usual activities and pastimes", and there are four or more symptoms of the depressive syndrome. If the respondent indicated that he/she felt "okay," the remaining DIS questions were skipped. Series B: F19 was coded "3" if there were four or more symptom groups of depression, and the respondent answered "yes" to the initial question (F2) about two weeks or more of feeling sad, blue or depressed. The respondent was then asked F20 about having these problems cluster in time, in the same month. If the answer was "yes", F24 was asked. If the response to F20 was "no" (meaning the problems did not cluster in the same month), then a second question about temporal clustering was asked (F21). If the respondent again answered "no", the remaining DIS questions were skipped. If the respondent said "yes" to F21, F24 was asked. Characteristics of the Depressive Episode F24 through F25 establish the length of the longest episode of depression. If this was less than two weeks then the remaining DIS depression questions were skipped. (The standard DIS does not have this particular skip-out.) If the longest depressive episode was two weeks or longer, all the remaining DIS depression questions were asked, including questions on symptoms experienced during the worst episode. Worst Episode Symptoms of Depression These questions ask about symptoms during the worst episode identified in F32. Each of the questions about a worst episode of depression is parallel to one of the lifetime depression questions: for example, F3 asked "has there ever been a period of two weeks or longer when you lost your appetite?" The corresponding worst episode question, F34, asks, "Did you lose your appetite?" The worst episode question (in this example, F34) was only asked if the corresponding lifetime question (in this example F3) was coded "5". The worst episode question was coded "yes" or "no", indicating the presence or absence of the symptom during the worst episode of depression. A diagnosis on major depressive episode was based on the symptoms during the worst episode of depression (F34-F49), and is not based on the lifetime symptoms of depression (F3-F18). The Diagnostic Variable "DEPRESS" The variable DEPRESS is the diagnosis of major depressive episode. The diagnosis of major depressive episode is based on criteria A and B of the DSM-III definition of major depressive episode (Section O). Criterion A for the diagnosis of major depressive episode in DSM-III calls for "dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in all or almost all usual activities and pastimes." If the respondent said "yes" to the initial depression question (F3), or if there were at least two weeks of dysphoria combined with some other problems (F24), then the person was said to have "dysphoria", and was considered to have met Criterion A for the diagnosis of major depressive episode. The DSM-III definition of Criterion B for major depressive episode contains eight symptoms, at least four of which must be present during an episode of depression in order to qualify for a diagnosis. These eight symptoms are approximated by the following HHANES questions: DSM-III Symptom HHANES Question(s) 1. Appetite or weight change F34, F35, or F36 2. Insomnia or hypersomnia F37, F38 3. Agitation or retardation F39, or F40 4. Loss of interest in sex F41 5. Loss of energy, fatigue F42 6. Feeling worthless or guilty F43 7. Trouble thinking, concentrating F44, or F45 8. Thoughts of death or suicide F46, F47, F48, of F49 In order to qualify for a diagnosis of major depressive episode in the HHANES, the respondent had to have symptoms from at least four items of this list. The variable DEPRESS can take five values: 0 = Absent 1 = Major depressive episode 2 = Bereavement 8 = Blank but applicable Blank = Respondent under age 20 DEPRESS = 0. No major depressive episode was diagnosed if the subject answered at least three quarters of the lifetime DIS depression questions (F2-F18), and did not qualify for a diagnosis of major depressive episode or bereavement (as defined in the next two paragraphs). DEPRESS = 1. Major depressive episode was diagnosed if three conditions were met: there was dysphoria as defined above; there were at least four depression symptoms from the list above; and the depression could not be ascribed entirely to bereavement (F28=2). DEPRESS = 2. Bereavement was diagnosed if there was dysphoria and four or more depression symptoms from the list above, and all the episodes of depression occurred soon after a person close to the respondent died (F28 = 1). DEPRESS = 8. The major depressive episode variable took a "blank but applicable" value if three conditions were met: there was neither major depressive episode, nor bereavement, and at least one quarter of the lifetime depression questions (F2-F18) were unanswered. Because DIS data are missing in this case, it is necessary to be cautious and define the diagnostic variable as missing. CES-D "Blank but Applicable" The large number of "8" codes for each CES-D item can be accounted for as follows: 1. One-hundred ninety persons had CES-Ds in which "0" was marked for every response, including the positive items. These persons were considered to have a response set, that is, either the interviewer marked the wrong response (the majority of the cases), the respondent did not understand the directions, or the respondent did not pay attention to the individual items, answering "none of the time" for all items. Since the scores of these persons are of questionable validity, all of their responses to the CES-D items were counted only as "Blank but applicable." 2. Twenty-four persons who completed other components of the examination did not complete the CES-D although they were eligible to do so (i.e., at least 20 years of age). 3. Some persons did not respond to all the items on the CES-D. This is reflected in the differential control counts. CES-D Questions G1d, G1h, G1l, G1p These four items reflect positive affect. If the respondent indicated that he/she had positive feelings most of the time, the interviewer recorded a 3 on the response form. Conversely, if the respondent indicated that he/she rarely experienced positive feelings during the past week, the interviewer recorded a 0. The scores on these items have been reversed in the final data tape. In this data set, a score of 0, for example, indicates that the respondent had positive feelings most of the time (as opposed to 0 on a negative item, indicating persistence of a depressive symptom). A score of 3 on a positive item indicates presence of a depressive symptom, that is, the respondent rarely experienced the positive feeling during the past week. CES-D Total Score This score represents the total added over all 20 items. The minimum possible score was 0, with a maximum of 60. Total scores were calculated only for those respondents who had answered 16 or more items. If a respondent answered at least 16, but fewer than 20 items, his mean score on the answered questions was used to impute the score for the unanswered questions. Total scores are therefore represented by five tape positions, with a decimal point in the middle position. If a respondent answered fewer than 16 items, a total score was not calculated for that person, but was coded as "Blank but applicable." CES-D Caseness Score If a respondent's total score was 16 or greater, he/she was considered to have a current depressive state. This is not a diagnosis of depression, since the CES-D was not designed to yield a diagnosis. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN STANDARD DIS DEPRESSION & HHANES VERSION Differences between the Standard DIS Depression Section and HHANES Version There are four important differences between the HHANES version and the standard version of the DIS: 1. The threshold for entering the "worst episode" (F19) is higher (4 symptoms) in the HHANES than in the standard DIS (3 symptoms). The threshold was increased since four symptoms are the minimum number required for assignment of a diagnosis. The higher threshold is therefore more efficient. A smaller proportion of respondents were asked the "worst episode" questions, however. This difference might be expected either to have no effect, or to decrease the prevalence of depression incrementally in the HHANES. 2. With the exception of F11, no separate questions are included in the HHANES concerning whether the depression caused the respondent to see a doctor or other health professional or to take medicine more than once, or interfered with his/her life to a great extent. It is therefore not possible to divide people with major depressive episode into "severe" and "non-severe" categories the way the standard DIS diagnosis does. This difference might be expected to increase the prevalence of depression in the HHANES, but counting non-severe depressions along with severe depressions. 3. The HHANES did not have either a Mini-Mental Status exam or a test for psychoses, so there are no bases for operationalizing the DSM-III exclusion criteria (criteria C, D, or E). Since the initial papers reporting results from the ECA Program (the largest study to date using the standard DIS) did not employ exclusion criteria (Ref. Nos. 15, 18, 19) this difference would not be expected to affect the prevalence rates of depression from the HHANES. 4. A diagnosis of dysthymia cannot be generated from the data in the HHANES. The standard DIS allows a diagnosis of dysthymia if the respondent reports at least two years of chronic depression plus a number of lifetime symptoms. The HHANES does not contain a question about at least two years of depression, and some of the lifetime depressive symptoms found in the somatization section of the standard DIS are omitted from the present version. DIAGNOSIS OF MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive Episode* A. Dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in all or almost all usual activities and pastimes. The dysphoric mood is characterized by symptoms, such as the following: depressed, sad, blue, hopeless, low, down in the dumps, irritable. The mood disturbance must be prominent and relatively persistent, but not necessarily the most dominant symptom, and does not include momentary shifts from one dysphoric mood to another dysphoric mood, e.g., anxiety to depression to anger, such as are seen in states of acute psychotic turmoil. (For children under six, dysphoric mood may have to be inferred from a persistently sad facial expression.) B. At least four of the following symptoms have each been present nearly every day for a period of at least two weeks (in children under six, at least three of the first four). 1) poor appetite or significant weight loss (when not dieting) or increased appetite or significant weight gain (in children under six, consider failure to make expected weight gains) 2) insomnia or hypersomnia 3) psychomotor agitation or retardation (but not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down) (in children under six, hypoactivity) 4) loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities, or decrease in sexual drive not limited to a period when delusional or hallucinating (in children under six, signs of apathy) 5) loss of energy; fatigue 6) feelings of worthlessness, self-reproach, or excessive or inappropriate guilt (either may be delusional) 7) complaints or evidence of diminished ability to think or concentrate, such as slowed thinking, or indecisiveness not associated with marked loosening of associations or incoherence 8) recurrent thoughts of death, suicidal ideation, wishes to be dead, or suicide attempt C. Neither of the following dominate the clinical picture when an affective syndrome (i.e., criteria A and B above) is not present, that is, before it developed or after it was remitted: 1) preoccupation with a mood-incongruent delusion or hallucination (see definition below) 2) bizarre behavior D. Not superimposed on either Schizophrenia, Schizophreniform Disorder, or a Paranoid Disorder. E. Not due to any Organic Mental Disorder or Uncomplicated Bereavement. *American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Third Edition. Washington, D.C. APA. 1980. Used with permission. DETAILED NOTES, DEPRESSION DATA Avg. Design Effects, by Sex, Mexixan-American Portion Average Design Effects, by Sex, for Selected Variables -- Mexican-American Portion Mean or Tape Both Variable Proportion Positions Sexes Male Female Appetite summary p 424 1.2 1.0 1.1 Sleep summary p 427 1.4 1.2 1.4 Tired out summary p 429 1.1 1.0 1.2 Show, restless summary p 432 1.0 1.0 1.0 Sex summary p 437 1.3 1.0 1.2 Worthless summary p 439 1.2 1.0 1.7 Trouble thinking summary p 442 1.0 1.0 1.2 Death summary p 447 1.0 1.0 1.0 DIS diagnostic variable (DSM-III major depression) p 481 1.5 1.0 1.4 _ CES-D total score x 506-510 1.4 1.0 1.2 CES-D caseness score p 511 1.0 1.0 1.0 Source: NCHS, HHANES, 1982-84, Tape Number 6523, Version 2. Avg. Design Effects, by Sex, Cuban-American Portion Average Design Effects, by Sex, for Selected Variables -- Cuban-American Portion Mean or Tape Both Variable Proportion Positions Sexes Male Female Appetite summary p 424 1.4 1.4 1.5 Sleep summary p 427 1.1 1.2 1.2 Tired out summary p 429 1.0 1.0 1.1 Show, restless summary p 432 1.1 1.0 1.2 Sex summary p 437 1.0 1.0 1.0 Worthless summary p 439 1.0 1.0 1.1 Trouble thinking summary p 442 1.0 1.0 1.0 Death summary p 447 1.0 1.0 1.2 DIS diagnostic variable (DSM-III major depression) p 481 1.1 1.0 1.2 CES-D total score x 506-510 1.0 1.0 1.0 CES-D caseness score p 511 1.0 1.0 1.0 Source: NCHS, HHANES, 1982-84, Tape Number 6523, Version 2. Avg. Design Effects, by Sex, Puerto Rican Portion Average Design Effects, by Sex, for Selected Variables -- Puerto Rican Portion Mean or Tape Both Variable Proportion Positions Sexes Male Female Appetite summary p 424 1.0 1.0 1.1 Sleep summary p 427 1.3 1.3 1.0 Tired out summary p 429 1.0 1.1 1.0 Show, restless summary p 432 1.2 1.2 1.0 Sex summary p 437 1.2 1.0 1.2 Worthless summary p 439 1.4 1.0 2.0 Trouble thinking summary p 442 1.2 1.0 1.0 Death summary p 447 2.7 1.1 2.3 DIS diagnostic variable (DSM-III major depression) p 481 1.5 1.0 1.0 _ CES-D total score x 506-510 1.6 1.4 1.3 CES-D caseness score p 511 1.5 1.4 1.3 Source: NCHS, HHANES, 1982-84, Tape Number 6523, Version 2. Example of Calculating Complex Sample Variance Suppose, for example, that there were 349 Mexican-American females ages 35-74 years. Suppose, also, that the average CES-D total score for these women was 8.7 and that 17 percent of them had a CES-D caseness score (greater than or equal to ) indicative of a current depressive state. Assuming simple random sampling, the variance for the percent is calculated by converting the percent to a proportion and using the standard formula for the variance of a proportion. pq V =_____ n This variance (V) multiplied by the design effect (DEFF) provides an estimate of the variance from a complex sample of the same sample size (n). In the example above, (.17) (.83) V =_____________ 349 = .0004 = variance for a simple random sample Then, multiplying by the design effect, = (.0004) (1.0) = .0004 = estimated variance for the complex sample In a similar way, the complex sample variance of the mean CES-D total score for this age-sex group is determined by multiplying the simple random sample variance of the mean by the appropriate design effect -- in this example, 1.2. The user can then proceed with estimating confidence intervals and testing hypotheses in the usual manner. The user should recognize that this approach does not incorporate the variance covariance matrix. In most cases, this leads to a slight overestimate of the variance because the covariance terms, which are subtracted in the variance of a ratio, in general are positive. Thus, in a borderline case, the null hypothesis would be less likely to be rejected (Ref. No. 11). Alternative or better approaches may exist or be developed. Users who want to suggest such approaches, or who want the latest information should contact the Scientific and Technical Information Branch (address given in the beginning of this documentation). REFERENCES 1. National Center for Health Statistics: Maurer, K. R. and others: Plan and Operation of the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1982-84. Vital and Health Statistics. Series 1, No. 19. DHHS Pub. No. (PHS) 85-1321. Public Health Service. 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