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1. When age-adjusted rates are calculated, you cannot group the data by Age Group.
2. About charts:
   You cannot make charts when your data has more than two By-Variables.
3. About maps:
   To make a map, you must request data with a geographic location variable, such as State or County, as a "By-Variable." Then click the Map tab.

• Rates calculated with population estimates are per 100,000 persons by default. However, infant mortality rates are calculated per 1,000 live births by default. Click "+" to open Additional Rate Options in section 1 on the Request Form tab, to select the factor for rate calculations.
• Select the precision for rate calculations in the Other Options section. When the rate calculated for a small numerator (incidence count) is zero, you may increase the precision to reveal the rate by showing more numbers to the right of the decimal point.

• Rates for small populations should be interpreted with caution.
• All statistics representing fewer than ten persons (0-9) are suppressed for year 1999 and later years. Sub-national statistics representing fewer than ten persons (0-9) are suppressed for year 1989 and later years. See Assurance of Confidentiality for more information.
• Rates are marked as "unreliable" when the death count is less than 20.
• Crude rates are helpful in determining the need for services for a given population, relative to another population, regardless of size. Crude rates are influenced by the underlying age distribution of the state's population. Even if two states have the same age-adjusted rates, the state with the relatively older population (as demonstrated by having a higher median age) will have higher crude rates because incidence or death rates for most cancers increase with increasing age.
• The population estimates for the denominators of incidence rates are race-specific (all races, white, black, and other races combined) and sex-specific population estimates. The population estimates are aggregated from the most detailed level selected. For example, if you have requested data for the nation grouped by state and by county, then the populations are the county-level population estimates aggregated to the state and national summaries. See Population Denominator Data Sources below for more information.
• The population for "Infant age groups" is the number of live births in the given time period. See Mortality for Infants for more information.
• Prior to August 2006, the number of live births had been substituted for the "under 1 year" age group population estimates. This substitution affected the "under 1 year" and "all ages" death rates slightly, when compared to published tables that rely solely on population estimates.

Notes:

• The method for confidence intervals calculated for 100 or more deaths:
  The lower 95% confidence interval is the crude death rate minus (1.96 times the standard error of the rate). The upper 95% confidence interval is the crude death rate plus (1.96 times the standard error of the rate). LCI = R - 1.96 * S (R)
  UCI = R + 1.96 * S (R)
• The method for confidence intervals calculated for 99 or fewer deaths:
  The lower 95% confidence interval is the crude death multiplied by the lower 95% confidence limit factor for a death rate based on a Poisson variable of the number of deaths. The upper 95% confidence interval is the crude death rate multiplied by the upper 95% confidence limit factor for a death rate based on a Poisson variable of the number of deaths. See Vital Statistics of the United States: Mortality, 1999: Technical Appendix Table S. LCI = R * L (0.95, D)
  UCI = R * U (0.95, D)
• Where:
  • LCI = lower 95% confidence interval
  • UCI = upper 95% confidence interval
  • R = crude death rate R = (deaths / population) * 100,000
  • D = the total number of deaths upon which the rate is based.
  • RSE(R) = relative standard error of rate RSE(R) = 100 * square root of (1/D)
  • S(R) = standard error of rate S(R) = R * (RSE(R) / 100)
  • L = the lower 95% confidence limit factor for a death rate based on a Poisson variable of the number of deaths. See Vital Statistics of the United States: Mortality, 1999 Technical Appendix Table S.
  • U = the upper 95% confidence limit factor for a death rate based on a Poisson variable of the number of deaths. See Vital Statistics of the United States: Mortality, 1999 Technical Appendix Table S.
• For more information, refer to
  • Age-adjusted Death Rates: Trend Data Based on the Year 2000 Standard Population
  • Vital Statistics of the United States: Mortality, 1999 Technical Appendix:
    • See the "Random Variation and Sampling Errors" section for methods.
    • See "Table S" for the upper and lower confidence limit factors for death rates based on a Poisson variable of the number of deaths.

Notes:

• S(R) = standard error of rate S(R) = R * (RSE(R)/100)
• Where:
  • R = crude death rate R = (deaths / population) * 100,000
  • D = the total number of deaths upon which the rate is based.
  • RSE(R) = relative standard error of rate RSE(R) = 100 * square root of (1/D)
• For more information, refer to
  • Age-adjusted Death Rates: Trend Data Based on the Year 2000 Standard Population
  • Vital Statistics of the United States: Mortality, 1999 Technical Appendix, see the "Random Variation and Sampling Errors" section for methods.

Click the "+" to open this section in section 1 on the Request Form tab. The options shown here vary, depending on the Measures you checked in section 1. Organize table layout on the Data Request tab. For example, to pick populations for weighting age-adjusted rates here, you must first check the box for age-adjusted rates in the Measures section.

Data are available for the United States by Region (Census or HHS), Census Division, State, County. Select the location(s) for the query, and the urbanization level, which classifies population density and other factors by county. Data are also available for individual CBSAs (core-based statistical areas) of 250,000 or more population (also referred to as large and medium metropolitan statistical areas). Any number of locations can be specified here.

Region

Regions are multi-state groups. For regional data, you can group by Region, or you can select any combination of individual regions. There are two types of regions available, Census Regions and Health and Human Services (HHS) Regions.

Census Regions

State abbreviation and name   FIPS code
________________________________________ 

CT    Connecticut               09
ME    Maine                     23
MA    Massachusetts             25
NH    New Hampshire             33
NJ    New Jersey                34
NY    New York                  36
PA    Pennsylvania              42
RI    Rhode Island              44
VT    Vermont                   50
________________________________________

IL    Illinois                  17
IN    Indiana                   18
IA    Iowa                      19
KS    Kansas                    20
MI    Michigan                  26
MN    Minnesota                 27
MO    Missouri                  29
NE    Nebraska                  31
ND    North Dakota              38
OH    Ohio                      39
SD    South Dakota              46
WI    Wisconsin                 55
________________________________________ 

AL    Alabama                   01
AR    Arkansas                  05
DE    Delaware                  10
DC    District of Columbia      11
FL    Florida                   12
GA    Georgia                   13
KY    Kentucky                  21
LA    Louisiana                 22
MD    Maryland                  24
MS    Mississippi               28
NC    North Carolina            37
OK    Oklahoma                  40
SC    South Carolina            45
TN    Tennessee                 47
TX    Texas                     48
VA    Virginia                  51
WV    West Virginia             54
________________________________________ 

AK    Alaska                   02
AZ    Arizona                  04
CA    California               06
CO    Colorado                 08
HI    Hawaii                   15
ID    Idaho                    16
MT    Montana                  30
NV    Nevada                   32
NM    New Mexico               35
OR    Oregon                   41
UT    Utah                     49
WA    Washington               53
WY    Wyoming                  56
________________________________________ 

Census Division

HHS Regions

The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) groups the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the U.S. territories into ten reporting regions, referred to as the HHS regions. Any number of locations can be specified here.

State

County

Urbanization and Metro/Nonmetro

Use the radio buttons to select either the 2006 or the 2013 NCHS Urban-Rural Scheme for Counties. Select All Categories or any combination of Urbanization values:  Large Central Metro, Large Fringe Metro, Medium Metro, Small Metro, Micropolitan (non-metro), NonCore (non-metro). Each county is assigned to one of these six categories. Each death is associated with a category based on the county of the person's legal residence.

The Metro/Nonmetro list allows you to easily compare metropolitan and rural areas. The Metro group includes counties in these Urbanization categories: Large Central Metro, Large Fringe Metro, Medium Metro, and Small Metro. The Nonmetro group includes counties in these Urbanization categories: Micropolitan (non-metro) and NonCore (non-metro).

1. Click the button to "Switch to CBSA" in the upper left in Section 2 on the Request Form tab.
2. Click the Radio Button above the box, to pick your preferred list.
3. See "How do I select items from the list box?," to limit your data to selected categories in the list.

Notes:  

• The CBSA delineations are from the December 2005 or February 2013 CBSA lists, as designated by the Office of Management and Budget, based on population data from the Census Bureau.
• See the NCHS Urban-Rural Classification Scheme for Counties web page for more information about the related Urbanization categories.
• CBSA data are available for Compressed Mortality in years 1999 and later. CBSA data are not available for Compressed Mortality in years 1968-1998.
• To see which Urbanization categories are associated with specific CBSAs, group results by CBSA (all CBSAs) and by Urbanization. Group the 2013 CBSAs with the 2013 Urbanization categories, and the 2005 CBSAs with the 2006 Urbanization categories.
• To see which counties are included in individual CBSAs, group results by CBSA (all CBSAs) and by County. Select only the Large Metro and Medium Metro categories in the associated Urbanization list.
• Note that CBSA data cannot be combined with regions, divisions, and states because some CBSAs cross these boundaries. For example, the CBSA for Cincinnati includes counties in Ohio, Kentucky and Indiana.
• The CBSA categories are identified by two columns, labels and codes, in data extracts.

• See "How do I use a radio button?", to pick your preferred list of categories.
• See "How do I select items from the list box?," to limit your data to selected categories in the list.

Notes:  

• When an age group(s) is selected from the Infant Age Groups list, the number of live births (not the number of infants in the age category(ies)) is used as the denominator in rate computations. Thus, the denominator used for infant age group rate calculations is the same regardless of how many infant age groups are selected. When a rate is computed for an aggregate of several years, the number of live births for each year in the time period are summed together. For more information about infant age groups, see Mortality for Infants .
• For years 1999-2009:  when an age group(s) is selected from the Age Group list, Census Bureau population estimates for each age group are used as the denominator in rate computations. When a rate is computed for an aggregate of several years, the population estimates for each year in the time period are summed together.
• For years 1965-1998:  When an age group(s) is selected from the Age Group list, Census Bureau population estimates for each age group are used as the denominator in rate computations, except for the "under 1 year of age group". For the "under 1 year of age" group, the number of live births is used instead of the population estimate for this age group. When a rate is computed for an aggregate of several years, the population estimates for each year in the time period are summed together.
• Deaths with "Unknown" or "Not Stated" age are included in "All Ages" counts and rates, yet are not included in age-specific counts, age-specific rates or in any age-adjusted rates. See About "Not Stated" age or ethnicity for more information.
• Prior to August 2006, the number of live births had been substituted for the "under 1 year" age group population estimates for years 1999 and later.
• See Age-Adjusted Rates for a discussion on the use of age-groups in calculating age-adjusted rates. Note that some of the age groups available in the data are not available in the standard population tables used to calculate age-adjusted rates. Also, age-adjusted rates are not available for infant age groups.
• The age groups are identified by two columns, labels and codes, in data extracts.

Gender

Select All Genders, Male, or Female

Race

Select All Races or any combination of values. CMF 1999-2016, archive CMF 1999-2015, archive CMF 1999-2014, archive CMF 1999-2013, archive CMF 1999-2009, archive CMF 1999-2008, archive CMF 1999-2007 and archive CMF 1999-2006 have 4 bridged-race categories: American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, Black or African American, White. CMF 1979-1998, archive CMF 1979-1998 and CMF 1965-1978 have 3 race categories: Black / African American, Other Races Combined, White.

Hispanic Origin

Select All or any combination of 3 values:  Hispanic or Latino, Not Hispanic or Latino, Not Stated. Hispanic Origin data are not available for CMF 1968-1978 or CMF 1979-1998 .

1. The default selection is the ICD chapters, subchapters, and codes list (ICD-8 Code List for years 1968-1978, ICD-9 Code List for years 1979-1998, ICD-10 Codes list for 1999 and later).
2. The Selected Causes of Death or the ICD cause-of-death recode lists are also available (ICD-8 69 groups for years 1968-1978, ICD-9 72 groups for years 1979-1989, and ICD-10 113 groups for 1999 and later).
3. The Injury Intent and Mechanism lists are available for year 1999 and later.

ICD-10 Codes

Limit the data to any number of causes of death, for selected chapters, sub-chapters or codes.

ICD-9 Codes

Limit the data to any number of causes of death, for selected chapters, sub-chapters or codes.

ICDA-8 Codes

Limit the data to any number of causes of death, for selected chapters, sub-chapters or codes.

ICD-10 113 Groups

Limit the data to any number of groups of selected causes of death.

ICD-9 72 Groups

Limit the data to any number of groups of selected causes of death.

ICDA-8 69 Groups

Limit the data to any number of groups of selected causes of death.

Limit your data for any of the following data elements: 

1. Injury Intent
2. Injury Mechanism & All Other Leading Causes

For the analysis of injury mortality data, all causes of death have been classified by intent and by mechanism. The causes of death that are not related to injuries have been categorized as non-injuries, and are categorized in keeping with the 113 selected causes of death groups for ICD-10. The groups of injury mechanisms are different from those based on the "113 Selected Causes of Death" for ICD-10 codes. The groupings are based on the External Cause of Injury Mortality Matrix. In addition, some non-injury groups have been combined to make for broader categories, such as Heart Disease and Tuberculosis.

For more information, see:   External Cause of Injury Mortality Matrix.

Note:  Injury intent and Mechanism categories are not available for the ICD-8 codes in years 1968-1978.

Data Source Information

Population Estimates on the Compressed Mortality File

Population Information for the Current Release

If you have additional questions about the population estimates, please see U.S. Census Populations With Bridged Race Categories (http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/bridged_race.htm) or contact PopEst@cdc.gov.

Population Information for the Current Release

The population data on the CMF are derived from U.S. Census Bureau files. The population estimates for the Census years:  1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010 are April 1, modified census counts. The population estimates for the non-Census years:  1968-69, 1971-79, 1981-89, 1991-99, and 2001-2009 are intercensal estimates of the July 1, resident population. The population estimates for 2011-2016 are postcensal estimates of the July 1, resident population.

Population estimates for year 1999 and later years are from the bridged-race population series, with estimates for four single-race categories (white, black or African American, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander). For more information, see About Bridged-race Population Estimates.

The following modifications of the Census population estimates were made by NCHS for CMF:

1. To permit the calculation of infant mortality rates, NCHS live-birth data are included for "Infant age Groups." The race code for these records is derived from the race of mother.
2. When the age group 1-4 years did not appear on the Census file, the age group 0-4 years was multiplied by 0.8 to obtain an estimate of the population 1-4 years.
3. For the years 1988 through 1991, there was an additional county in Georgia with a "missing" county code of "999". This county was assigned a population count of zero.
4. Geographic changes that create new counties or delete old counties often are implemented in the population files before they are implemented in the mortality files. As a result, county FIPS codes for some counties on the Census population files have been modified so that the FIPS codes on the CMF population and mortality file match. For more information, see County Geography Changes.

Specific Details

1. 1968-1969 Population Estimates

   National population estimates are U.S. Bureau of the Census intercensal estimates of the July 1 resident population. State and county population estimates were calculated by NCHS using linear extrapolation from the corresponding July 1, 1970 and July 1, 1971 estimates. Source: Current Population Reports, Series P-2, Number 519), rounded to the nearest 1,000, of the July 1, 1968 and July 1, 1969 resident population of the U.S. by 5-year age group (under 1, 1-4, 5-9, ..., 85+ years), sex, and race (White, Black, Other races). NCHS live-birth counts were substituted for the estimates of the population under 1 year of age; the live-birth counts were not rounded.

2. 1970 Population Estimates

   National, state, and county population estimates are from a modified version of the April 1, 1970 census. Live birth counts were substituted for the estimates of the population under 1 year of age. The original census counts were modified by the U.S. Bureau of the Census to produce a special census file of the April 1, 1970 resident population by 5-year age group (0-4, 5-9, ..., 85+), sex, and race (White, Black, Other races) and to correct errors in the data:

   1. Numerous small changes at the county and sub-county level were made to the original census file to correct errors discovered after publication of the original data. These changes resulted in an increase of 93,494 persons in the total U.S. population.
   2. The race classifications for the 1970 and 1980 census data were adjusted to be consistent with each other and with vital statistics. Some 327,000 persons of Hispanic origin who reported their race as "Other" (race not specified) were transferred to "White". The Black population was not affected by the race adjustment.
   3. Some 103,000 persons who reported their age as over 100 years had their age recoded to between 85 and 100 years. This adjustment did not affect this file because the oldest age group on the file is 85 years and over.

3. 1971-1979 Population Estimates

   National and county estimates are U.S. Census Bureau intercensal estimates of the July 1 resident population. The Census Bureau did not produce state population estimates by age, race, and sex for the 1970s. Therefore, the state population estimates for 1979 are simply the sum of population estimates of the counties in each state.

   1. For 1979, the Census Bureau produced a national series of estimates and a county series of estimates. While these series are consistent with each other, the sum of the population estimates for all counties may not equal the national population estimates. This is due to rounding error that results because fractional estimates are not allowed. The Census Bureau recommends that national population estimates be used to calculate national death rates and county population estimates be used to calculate county death rates. CDC WONDER does this automatically.
   2. For 1979, NCHS used national population estimates rounded to the nearest thousand to calculate published death rates. The population estimate used by NCHS to calculate the death rate of an aggregate group (e.g. aggregated across race, gender, or age) was obtained by summing unrounded population estimates for each group in the aggregate and then rounded to the nearest 1,000. Unfortunately, the national population estimates available for use in the CMF for 1979 are all prerounded to the nearest 1,0000. This means that the population estimates for aggregate groups are obtained by summing rounded population estimates, rather than by summing unrounded population estimates and then rounding. As a result, for 1979, some rounding error may result when aggregating across race, gender, or age groups as summing rounded numbers may result in a different total than summing unrounded numbers and then rounding.
   3. Three Virginia independent cities (Manassas, Manassas Park, and Poquoson) did not appear on the Census file. Therefore, the 1979 populations for these three cities were estimated from the July 1, 1980 and July 1, 1981 estimates of these cities. The 1979 population estimates for the counties containing the cities were reduced by the estimated city populations.

4. 1980 Population Estimates

   National, state, and county population estimates are from a modified version of the April 1, 1980 census The national and state estimates are the sum of the county population counts. The original census counts were modified by the U.S. Census Bureau so that persons who reported their race as "other" (the majority of these persons being of Hispanic ethnicity) were reassigned to one of the four single-race groups specified in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 1977 Standards on Race and Ethnicity:  White, Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander.

   1. For 1980, NCHS used unrounded population estimates to calculate national death rates. Therefore, on the CMF, the national population estimates used in rate calculation and displayed are unrounded.
   2. April 1, 1980 population estimates for three Virginia independent cities, (Manassas, Manassas Park, and Poquoson) had to be extrapolated from July 1, 1980 estimates. The April 1 populations for the three cities were calculated as a proportion of the April 1 county population, where the proportion was calculated from the July 1, 1980 estimates. The April 1 population estimates for the counties containing the three cities were reduced by the cities estimated April 1 populations.

5. 1981-89 Population Estimates

   National, state, and county estimates are U.S. Census Bureau intercensal estimates of the July 1 resident population.

   1. For 1981-89, the U.S. Census Bureau has separate series of estimates for each geographic level of estimates (i.e. national, state, and county). While these series are consistent with each other, the sum of the population estimates of counties within a state may not equal the state population estimate, and the sum of all state population estimates or all county population estimates may not equal the national population estimates. This is due to rounding error that results because fractional estimates are not allowed. The Census Bureau recommends that national population estimates be used to calculate national death rates, state population estimates be used to calculate state death rates, and county population estimates be used to calculate county death rates. CDC WONDER does this automatically.
   2. For 1981-89, NCHS used national population estimates rounded to the nearest thousand to calculate published death rates. The population estimate used by NCHS to calculate the death rate of an aggregate group (e.g. aggregated across race, gender, or age) was obtained by summing unrounded population estimates for each group in the aggregate and then rounding to the nearest 1,000. This is also done on the CMF in CDC WONDER, and thus, for these years, national death rates calculated on CDC WONDER agree with those published by NCHS.

6. 1990 Population Estimates

   National, state, and county population estimates are from the April 1, 1990 age-race-sex modified census counts (national and state estimates are the sum of the county census counts). The original census counts were modified by the U.S. Census Bureau: 

   1. To correct the bias in reported age -- about 10 percent of persons were actually a year younger as of April 1 than reported;
   2. To assign persons who reported their race as "other" to one of the four single-race groups specified in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 1977 Standards on Race and Ethnicity:  White, Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander.
   For 1990, NCHS used unrounded population estimates to calculate national death rates. Therefore, on the CMF, the national population estimates used in rate calculation and displayed are unrounded.

7. 1991- 1999 Population Estimates

   For CMF 1979-1998 and CMF 1999-2016, national, state, and county population estimates are U.S. Census Bureau bridged-race intercensal estimates of the July 1, resident population, based on the 1990 census and the bridged-race 2000 census. Derivation of the race-specific intercensal population estimates for the 1990s was complicated by the incomparability of the race data on the 1990 and 2000 censuses. Before the intercensal estimates for the 1990s could be derived, the race groups on the 2000 census had to be made consistent with ("bridged to") the race groups on the 1990 census. Race data on the 2000 Census were collected in accordance with the 1997 Office of Management and Budget's standards on race and ethnicity. The 1997 standards specify 5 single-race categories (American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and White) and permit the reporting of more than one race. As a result, there were 31 race groups on the 2000 census (5 single-race groups and 26 multiple-race groups). NCHS, in collaboration with the Census Bureau, developed methodology for bridging the multiple-race groups to single-race categories (American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian or Pacific Islander, Black, and White). The 1990 census race groups are White, Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander.

   1. The national and state estimates are the sum of the bridged-race county estimates.
   2. Prior to September 2003, the population estimates on the CMF for the years 1991-1999 (CMF 1979-1998 and CMF 1999) were postcensal estimates based on the 1990 census.
   3. Refer to Description of the 1990-based Postcensal Population Data for more information.

8. 2000 Population Estimates

   National, state, and county population estimates are from the U.S. Census Bureau April 1, bridged modified race 2000 Census counts.

9. 2001 - 2009 Population Estimates

   The population estimates for 2001-2009 are July 1 resident population estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau's revised bridged-race intercensal series, based on the year 2000 and the year 2010 census counts (released by NCHS on 10/26/2012).

   The bridged-race population files have estimates for the four single-race categories (White, Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander).

   For the current release of the 1999-2016 data, the national, region, division, and state estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates of the revised intercensal 2001-2009 series, so the national, region, division, state and county estimates are consistent with each other.

   See CMF Archives for more information on the population estimates in previous releases.

10. 2010 Population Estimates

    National, state, and county population estimates are from the U.S. Census Bureau April 1, bridged modified race 2010 Census counts. The original census counts were modified by the U.S. Census Bureau to assign persons who reported their race as "other" to one of the 31 single or multiple-race groups specified in the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 1997 Standards on Race and Ethnicity. The resulting counts were then bridged to (made consistent with) the four single-race categories (White, Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, and Asian or Pacific Islander).

11. 2011 Population Estimates

    National estimates for 2011 are from the U.S. Census Bureau's bridged-race Vintage 2011 postcensal series. The region, division, state and county 2011 population estimates are from the Vintage 2016 series.

    1. Region, division, and state estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates from the Vintage 2016 series.
    2. National population estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates from the Vintage 2011 postcensal series.

12. 2012 Population Estimates

    National estimates for 2012 are from the U.S. Census Bureau's bridged-race Vintage 2012 postcensal series. The region, division, state and county 2012 population estimates are from the Vintage 2016 series.

    1. Region, division, and state estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates from the Vintage 2016 series.
    2. National population estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates from the Vintage 2012 postcensal series.

13. 2013 Population Estimates

    National estimates for 2013 are from the U.S. Census Bureau's bridged-race Vintage 2013 postcensal series. The region, division, state and county 2013 population estimates are from the Vintage 2016 series.

    1. Region, division, and state estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates from the Vintage 2016 series.
    2. National population estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates from the Vintage 2013 postcensal series.

14. 2014 Population Estimates

    National estimates for 2014 are from the U.S. Census Bureau's bridged-race Vintage 2014 postcensal series. The region, division, state and county 2014 population estimates are from the Vintage 2016 series.

    1. Region, division, and state estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates from the Vintage 2016 series.
    2. National population estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates from the Vintage 2014 postcensal series.

15. 2015 Population Estimates

    National estimates for 2015 are from the U.S. Census Bureau's bridged-race Vintage 2015 postcensal series. The region, division, state and county 2015 population estimates are from the Vintage 2016 series.

    1. Region, division, and state estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates from the Vintage 2016 series.
    2. National population estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates from the Vintage 2015 postcensal series.

16. 2016 Population Estimates

    National estimates for 2016 are from the U.S. Census Bureau's bridged-race Vintage 2016 postcensal series. The region, division, state and county 2016 population estimates are from the Vintage 2016 series.

    1. Region, division, and state estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates from the Vintage 2016 series.
    2. National population estimates were obtained by summing the county estimates from the Vintage 2016 postcensal series.

Effect of Hurricanes in 2005 on Archive Population Estimates:

The methodology changes implemented for Vintage 2007-Vintage 2009 affect comparison of population estimates across the three vintages, as well as comparison of the estimates from these vintages with those from earlier vintages. At the national level, the methodology changes implemented for Vintage 2009 resulted in an upward shift of the Vintage 2009 postcensal population estimates when compared to those from the Vintage 2008 series. At the State and county level, some race and age groups experienced substantial changes (comparison of July 1, 2008 estimates from the Vintage 2008 series with the July 1, 2008 and July 1, 2009 estimates from the Vintage 2009 series). The net impact of the methodology changes implemented for Vintage 2008 was a downward shift of the Vintage 2008 postcensal population estimates when compared to those from the Vintage 2007 series. The net impact of the methodology changes implemented for Vintage 2007 series was a downward shift when compared to the Vintage 2006 estimates.

For the archive CMF 1999-2009, archive CMF 1999-2007 and the archive CMF 1999-2006:  The 2005 population estimates for Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi and Texas reflect population changes that occurred after Hurricane Katrina and Rita in 2005. To accommodate geographic shifts of the Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, and Texas populations resulting from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, the U.S. Census Bureau developed adjustments in the methodology for state and county population estimates. See methodology for more information.

For the archive CMF 1999-2005:  The 2005 population estimates for Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi do not reflect population changes that occurred after Hurricane Katrina. The July 1st 2005 population estimates for Alabama, Louisiana, and Mississippi do not reflect population changes that occurred after Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. The populations of these three states and of Orleans parish in Louisiana, Baldwin and Mobile counties in Alabama, and George, Harrison, and Rankin counties in Mississippi were reduced following Hurricane Katrina; East Baton Rouge parish in Louisiana had an increased population. As a result, 2005 death rates for these areas (except East Baton Rouge) calculated using the population estimates on this file will be too low; the death rates calculated for East Baton Rouge will be somewhat too high. Death rates for Orleans parish are especially affected. At the time of the CMF 1999-2005 release, alternative population estimates for these areas were being developed by the National Cancer Institute.

Description of the 1990-based Postcensal Population Data in Archived CMF

1. National estimates for 1991-1999 in the archive data:
   The postcensal national estimates on the archived CMF 1979-98,CMF 1999, and CMF 1999-2001 are the same as those used by NCHS to calculate published death rates. Each year when the CMF was updated, national estimates for the new year were added to the file and the estimates for previous years were retained. As a result, the postcensal national estimates for the archive 1991-1999 CMF are from different series of estimates, as outlined below.
   • The national estimates of the July 1, 1991 resident population of the U.S. are from the 792I series of intercensal estimates developed by the U.S. Census Bureau. They are consistent with the postcensal estimates for that year produced shortly thereafter.
   • The national estimates for July 1, 1992 are from the 1990-93 annual time series described in Population Division Product PPL-8.
   • The national estimates for July 1, 1993 are from the 1990-94 annual time series.
   • The July 1, 1994 and July 1, 1995 national estimates are from the 1990-95 annual time series described in Population Division Product PPL-41.
   • The July 1, 1996 national estimates are from the 1990-96 annual time series described in Population Division Product PPL-57.
   • The July 1, 1997 national estimates are from the 1990-97 annual time series described in Population Division Product PPL-91R.
   • The July 1, 1998 national estimates are from the 1990-98 annual time series.
   • The July 1, 1999 national estimates are from the 1990-99 annual time series.
2. State estimates for 1991-1999 in the archive data:
   The state estimates are from the 1990-1999 annual time series of postcensal estimates of the July 1 resident population of the 50 States and the District of Columbia prepared by the U.S. Census Bureau.
3. County estimates for 1991-1999 in the archive data:
   The county estimates are from the U.S. Census Bureau 1990-99 annual time series of postcensal estimates of the July 1 resident population of the 3,141 counties in the U.S. (as defined in 1990).

Frequently Asked Questions about Compressed Mortality

The questions are in three sections:

Causes of death among persons less than one year of age vary greatly during the first year of life, and therefore special "rates" (actually, ratios) have long been used in public health to provide meaningful indicators of infant mortality. Infant mortality rates are typically calculated as the number of deaths per 1,000 live births. Infant Age Groups" for rates calculated using the number live births as the population denominator. The default multiplier for Infant Age Groups (live births population) is 1,000 births. However, the default multiplier for death rates calculated with the population estimate for persons under 1 year of age is 100,000 persons.

Three commonly used indicators of infant mortality that can be calculated in WONDER are: 

1. Infant Mortality Rate
   Number of deaths of infants (less than 1 year of age of death)
   divided by the number of live births during a given period,
   then multiplied by 1,000;

   (Deaths of persons under 1 year of age) / Live Births) * 1000

2. Neonatal Mortality Rate
   Number of deaths of infants less than 28 days of age
   divided by the number of live births during a given period,
   then multiplied by 1,000;
   

   (Deaths of persons under 28 days of age) / Live Births) * 1000

3. Postneonatal Mortality Rate
   Number of deaths of infants 28 days to 1 year of age
   divided by the number of live births during a given period,
   then multiplied by 1,000.
   

   (Deaths of persons age 28 days to 1 year of age) / Live Births) * 1000

To support these and other infant mortality indicators, the Compressed Mortality File provides first-year mortality data as follows: 

County Geography Changes:  notes about specific county-level changes in boundaries and codes

Changes in county geography occur from time to time. For example, one county may absorb another, two counties may be merged resulting in the deletion of both of them and the creation of a new county, or part of a county may be split off to form a new county or be merged with an existing county. Creation and deletion of counties results in missing data for those counties for some years. County boundary changes can result in substantial increases or decreases in the population of the affected counties and hence impact birth and death counts, population estimates, and birth and death rates for those counties. Creation and deletion of counties often is implemented later in the vital statistics system than in the Census population files. Thus, for the CMF, county codes on the population data have been modified so that they match those in the corresponding vital statistics files. County geography changes that involve creation or deletion of counties in the CMF data are listed below. They are organized by state and county name.

1. Alaska boroughs and census areas:
   The boroughs and census areas of Alaska undergo frequent changes making it difficult to work with individual Alaskan areas. Prior to 1989, the CMF did not include data for the individual Alaska areas. The FIPS codes used for vital statistics coding for Alaska changed in 1994 and in 2003 and therefore changed on the CMF. Specific area reporting details for Alaska are given below and summarized in the table.
   1. Alaska (Entire State)
      No data are available on the CMF for individual Alaska areas for the years 1965-1988. For these years, only state-level records (all individual areas combined) with a FIPS code of 02900 appear on the CMF. Alaska data are available for all areas combined for years 1965-1988. Data are reported as "Entire State, AK" (FIPS code 02900) for years 1968-1978, and as "Alaska (all counties, 1979-1988)" (FIPS code 02900) for years 1979-1988. Death counts and population estimates are available for individual areas within Alaska for years 1989-present.
   2. Aleutians East borough, Alaska
      Aleutians East borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02013) deaths and populations are on the CMF for 1994-present. For years 1989-1993, deaths and populations are reported for Aleutians Islands Census Area. Aleutians East borough (FIPS code 02013) was created from part of Aleutian Islands Census Area (FIPS code=02010) in 1987 from part of Aleutian Islands census area (FIPS code 02010) and an unpopulated part of Dillingham (FIPS code 02070).
   3. Aleutian Islands Census Area, Alaska
      Aleutian Islands Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02010) deaths and populations are on the CMF only for the years 1989-1993. For years 1994 - present, deaths and populations are reported for two areas, Aleutians East Borough (FIPS code=02013) and Aleutians West Census Area (FIPS code=02016).
   4. Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska
      Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02016) deaths and populations for Aleutians West are on the CMF for 1994 - present. For years 1989-1993, deaths and populations are reported for Aleutians Islands Census Area. Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02016) was created in 1990 from that part of Aleutian Islands (FIPS code 02010) that did not become part of Aleutians East (FIPS code 02013).
   5. Denali borough, Alaska
      Denali Borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02068) deaths and populations are on the CMF for years 2003 - present. For years 1989-2003, deaths and populations are reported for Yukon-Koyukuk (FIPS code 02290). Denali Borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02068) was created from the Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area (FIPS code 02290) and a small part of Southeast Fairbanks (FIPS code 02240) on December 7, 1990.
   6. Dillingham census area, Alaska
      Dillingham, Alaska (FIPS code 02070) deaths and populations are available on the CMF for years 1989 - present. There may be a discontinuity between 1993 and 1994 in the data reported for Dillingham because in 1989 part of Dillingham was removed to form Lake and Peninsula Borough (FIPS code 02164). This change was implemented in the vital records files and the CMF beginning 1994.
   7. Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska
      Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02105) data are only available for 2014 and later; for computational purposes, counts and population estimates for 1999-2013 are set to zero. Thus, counts and rates shown in multi-year requests for this entity do not include any data for years prior to 2014, only data for 2014 and later. In 2007, Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area (FIPS code 02232) was divided into Hoonah-Angoon Census Area (FIPS code 02105) and Skagway Municipality (FIPS code 02230). This change has been implemented in the Census Bureau's population files, yet not implemented in the mortality files until year 2014. Therefore, the population estimates for Hoonah-Angoon and Skagway Municipality are recoded to Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area for the CMF population file for the years before 2014.
   8. Ketchikan Gateway Borough, Alaska
      Ketchikan Gateway Borough (FIPS code 02130) deaths and populations are available on the CMF for 1989-present. In 2009, this Borough had a boundary change when it annexed Outer Ketchikan, formerly part of Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area (FIPS code 02201). The annexed territory was mostly unpopulated. The annexation was implemented in the Census 2001-2010 intercensal population estimates, so for years 2001 and beyond the population of Outer Ketchikan is reported for Ketchikan Gateway, not for Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan. The annexation was implemented in the vital records data in 2014, so for years 2001-2013, any deaths that occurred in Outer Ketchikan were reported for Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area, not for Ketchikan Gateway.
   9. Kobuck, Alaska
      Kobuck, Alaska (FIPS code 02140) became Northwest Arctic borough (FIPS code 02188). There are no records for Kobuck on the CMF.
   10. Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska
       Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02158) does not appear on the CMF. Deaths and population data are available under its former name and FIPS code:  Wade-Hampton Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02270).
   11. Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska
       Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02164) deaths and populations are available on the CMF for years 1994 - present. For years 1989-1993, deaths and populations for this area are reported for Dillingham. Lake and Peninsula Borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02164) was created from part of Dillingham, Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02070) in 1989.
   12. Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska
       Northwest Arctic Borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02185) deaths and populations are available on the CMF for years 1989 - present. This area was formed in 1982 when an unpopulated part of North Slope Borough (FIPS code=02185) was combined with Kobuck (FIPS code=02140).
   13. Petersburg Borough/Census Area, Alaska
       Petersburg Borough/Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02195) data are only available for 2014 and later; for computational purposes, counts and population estimates for 1999-2013 are set to zero. Thus, counts and rates shown in multi-year requests for this entity do not include any data for years prior to 2014, only data for 2014 and later. Petersburg Borough (FIPS code 02195) was created in 2013 from part of former Petersburg Census Area (also 02195) and a mostly unpopulated part of Hoonah-Angoon Census Area (FIPS code 02105). A part of the former Petersburg Census Area (population around 600 persons) went to Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area (FIPS code 02198). Petersburg Census Area (FIPS code 02195) was created in 2009 from the Petersburg part of Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area (FIPS code 02280). The changes have been implemented in the Census Bureau's population files, but not in the mortality files until year 2014. Therefore, the 2001 through 2013 population estimates for Petersburg Census Area (FIPS code 02195) have been aggregated with those for the new Wrangell Borough (FIPS code 02275) and recoded to the former Wrangell-Petersburg (FIPS code 02280) for the years before 2014.
   14. Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, Alaska
       Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02198) data are only available for 2014 and later; for computational purposes, counts and population estimates for 1999-2013 are set to zero. Thus, counts and rates shown in multi-year requests for this entity do not include any data for years prior to 2014, only data for 2014 and later. Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area was formed in 2008 from part of Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area (FIPS code 02201). This change was implemented in the Census Bureau's population files but was not implemented in the vital records files until year 2014. Therefore, the population estimates for years prior to year 2014 for Prince of Wales-Hyder have been recoded to Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area. Population estimates for years 2001-2009 for Outer Ketchikan, which were aggregated into the Ketchikan Gateway estimates population files, cannot be recovered, but are estimated to be small.
   15. Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area, Alaska
       Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02201) data are available only for 1989-2013. For 2014 and beyond, death counts and population estimates for Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area Census Area are reported as Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area (FIPS code 02198). Death counts and population estimates for this entity from multi-year requests, only reflect data for years 1989-2013; for year 2014 and beyond they have been set to zero. Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02201) deaths and populations are available on the CMF for years 1989-2013. In 2009, Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan was disaggregated. The Outer Ketchikan portion was annexed by Ketchikan Gateway Borough, the Meyers Church part of Prince of Wales was annexed by Wrangell City and Borough, and the remainder became Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area. This change was implemented in the Census Bureau's population files but was not yet been implemented in the vital records files until year 2014. Therefore, the population estimates for Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan were obtained by recoding the population estimates for Prince of Wales-Hyder to Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area for years before 2014. There may be a discontinuity between the 2000 and 2001 estimates for this area because the populations of Outer Ketchikan and Meyers Church cannot be recovered.
   16. Skagway Municipality, Alaska
       Skagway Municipality, Alaska (FIPS code 02230) data are only available for 2014 and later; for computational purposes, counts and population estimates for 1999-2013 are set to zero. Thus, counts and rates shown in multi-year requests for this entity do not include any data for years prior to 2014, only data for 2014 and later. Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area (FIPS code 02232) was divided into Skagway Municipality (FIPS code 02230) and Hoonah-Angoon Census Area (FIPS code 02105) in 2007. This change was implemented in the Census Bureau's population files but was not implemented in the vital records files until year 2014. Therefore, the population estimates for Skagway Municipality have been aggregated with those for Hoonah-Angoon Census Area and recoded to Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area for the CMF population file for years before 2014.
   17. Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska
       Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02232) data are available only for 1994-2013. For 2014 and beyond, death counts and population estimates for Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area are reported as Hoonah-Angoon Census Area(FIPS code 02105) and Skagway Municipality, (FIPS code 02230). Death counts and population estimates for this entity from multi-year requests, only reflect data from 1994-2013; for 2014 and beyond they have been set to zero. Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02232) deaths and populations are available on the CMF for years 1994-2013. For years 1989-1993, data for Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon are reported for Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon (FIPS code 02231). Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon was formed in September 22, 1992 from that part of Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon not incorporated into Yakutat Borough (FIPS code=02282). In 2007, Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon was split into Hoonah-Angoon Census Area (FIPS code 02105) and Skagway Municipality (FIPS code 02230). This change was implemented in the Census Bureau's population files but was not implemented in the vital records files until year 2014. Therefore, the population estimates for Hoonah-Angoon Census Area and Skagway Municipality have been aggregated and recoded to Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area for years before 2014.
   18. Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon Census Area, Alaska
       Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon, Alaska (FIPS code 02231) deaths and populations are on the CMF for years 1989-1993. For years 1994 - present, deaths and populations for this area are reported for Yakutat (FIPS code 02282) and Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon (FIPS code 02232. Effective September 22, 1992, Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon Census Area was deleted after Yakutat (FIPS code 02282) and Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon (FIPS code 02232) were formed. This change was implemented in the vital records files, and hence in the CMF, beginning with the 1994 data year.
   19. Wrangell City and Borough, Alaska
       Wrangell City and Borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02275) data are only available for 2014 and later; for computational purposes, counts and population estimates for 1999-2013 are set to zero. Thus, counts and rates shown in multi-year requests for this entity do not include any data for years prior to 2014, only data for 2014 and later. Wrangell City and Borough (FIPS code 02275) was created in 2009 from part of Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area (FIPS code 02280) and the Meyers Church part of Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area (FIPS code 02201). This change was implemented in the Census Bureau's population estimates but was not implemented in the vital records files until year 2014. Therefore, the population estimates for Wrangell City and Borough have been aggregated with those for Petersburg (FIPS code 02195) and recoded to Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area for the CMF population file for the years before 2014. The recombined area includes the additional population for Myers Church.
   20. Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area, Alaska
       Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02280) data are available only for 1989-2013. For 2014 and beyond, death counts and population estimates for Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area are reported as Petersburg Borough/Census Area (FIPS code 02195) and Wrangell City and Borough, (FIPS code 02275). Death counts and population estimates for this entity from multi-year requests, only reflect data from 1989-2013; for 2014 and beyond they have been set to zero. Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02280) deaths and populations are available on the CMF for years 1989-2013. In 2008, Wrangell-Petersburg (FIPS code 02280) split to form part of Wrangell City and Borough (FIPS code 02275) and all of Petersburg Census Area (FIPS code 02195). This change was implemented in the Census Bureau's population estimates but was not implemented in the vital records files until year 2014. Therefore, the population estimates for this area on the CMF for years before 2014 were obtained by combining the estimates for Wrangell City and Borough with those for Petersburg Census Area. Because the new Wrangell City and Borough includes part of the former Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan (Meyers Church), the population of the recombined area is augmented somewhat.
   21. Yakutat Borough, Alaska
       Yakutat Borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02282) deaths and populations are available on the CMF for years 1994 - present. For years 1991-1993, deaths and populations for Yakutat are aggregated with those for Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon (FIPS code 02231). Yakutat Borough was created September 22, 1992 from part of Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon (FIPS code 02231). This change was implemented in the vital records files for the 1994 data year.
   22. Yukon-Koyukuk, Alaska
       Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area, Alaska (FIPS code 02290) deaths and populations are available on the CMF for years 1989 - present. However, there are discontinuities between 2002 and 2003 in the mortality and population data for Yukon-Koyukuk, because part of Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area was removed to form Denali Borough, Alaska (FIPS code 02068). This change was implemented in the vital records files and the CMF in the 2003 data year
   23. Table of Alaska boroughs and census areas in the CMF from 1989 - 1998

       FIPS Code ______________________ Borough / Census Area Name 1989-93 1994-98 ______________________________________________________________ Aleutian Islands Census Area 02010 --*-- Aleutians East Borough --*-- 02113 Aleutians West Census Area --*-- 02016 Anchorage Borough 02020 02020 Bethel Census Area 02050 02050 Bristol Bay Borough 02060 02060 Denali Borough (02068) --*-- --*-- Dillingham Census Area 02070 02070 Fairbanks North Star Borough 02090 02090 Haines Borough 02100 02100 Juneau Borough 02110 02110 Kenai Peninsula Borough 02122 02122 Ketchikan Gateway Borough 02130 02130 Kobuck(-2140) --*-- --*-- Kodiak Island Borough 02150 02150 Lake and Peninsula Borough --*-- 02164 Matanuska-Susitna Borough 02170 02170 Nome Census Area 02180 02180 North Slope Borough 02185 02185 Northwest Arctic Borough 02188 02188 Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan C.A 02201 02201 Sitka Borough 02220 02220 Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon Census Area 02231 --*-- Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area --*-- 02232 Southeast Fairbanks Census Area 02240 02240 Valdez-Cordova Census Area 02261 02261 Wade Hampton Census Area 02270 02270 Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area 02280 02280 Yakutat Borough --*-- 02282 Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area 02290 02290 --*-- Code does not appear on file for these years.

2. Arizona: 
   1. La Paz, Arizona
      La Paz county, Arizona (FIPS code 04012) deaths and populations are available for years 1994 - present. For years 1965 - 1993, deaths and populations for this area are aggregated with those for Yuma county, Arizona (FIPS code 04027). In January, 1983, La Paz county, Arizona (FIPS code 04012) was formed from the northern portion of Yuma county (FIPS code 04027). This change was implemented in the vital records files and in the CMF beginning in 1994.
   2. Yuma, Arizona
      Yuma county, Arizona (FIPS code 02027) deaths and populations are available on the CMF for years 1968 - present. However, there are discontinuities between 1993 and 1994 in the data reported for Yuma County. These discontinuities occur because part of Yuma County was removed to form La Paz county (FIPS code 04012) in January 1983. This change was implemented in the vital records files and in the CMF beginning in 1994.
3. Colorado: 
   1. Adams, Colorado
      Adams county, Colorado (FIPS code 08001) shows a discontinuity in the mortality and population data between 2002 and 2003. This discontinuity occurs because territory in each of these four counties has been combined to form a new county, Broomfield, Colorado (FIPS code 08014). Beginning in 2003, deaths and population counts for this territory are reported for Broomfield county and are no longer included with data for Adams county.
   2. Boulder, Colorado
      Boulder county, Colorado (FIPS code 08003) shows a discontinuity in the mortality and population data between 2002 and 2003. This discontinuity occurs because territory in each of these four counties has been combined to form a new county, Broomfield, Colorado (FIPS code 08014). Beginning in 2003, deaths and population counts for this territory are reported for Broomfield county and are no longer included with data for Boulder county.
   3. Broomfield county
      Broomfield county, Colorado (FIPS code 08014) was created effective November 15, 2001 from parts of four counties: Adams, Boulder, Jefferson, and Weld. Deaths and population estimates for Broomfield county appear on the CMF beginning in the year 2003. Deaths and population estimates before 2003 are coded to the original locations.
   4. Jefferson, Colorado
      Jefferson county, Colorado (FIPS code 08059) shows a discontinuity in the mortality and population data between 2002 and 2003. This discontinuity occurs because territory in each of these four counties has been combined to form a new county, Broomfield, Colorado (FIPS code 08014). Beginning in 2003, deaths and population counts for this territory are reported for Broomfield county and are no longer included with data for Jefferson county.
   5. Weld, Colorado
      Weld county, Colorado (FIPS code 080123) shows a discontinuity in the mortality and population data between 2002 and 2003. This discontinuity occurs because territory in each of these four counties has been combined to form a new county, Broomfield, Colorado (FIPS code 08014). Beginning in 2003, deaths and population counts for this territory are reported for Broomfield county and are no longer included with data for Weld county.
4. Florida:  Dade county and Miami city
   Dade county, Florida (FIPS code 12025) was renamed Miami-Dade County and its FIPS code changed to 12086, effective November 13, 1997. The CMF 1999-2009 and CMF 1979-1998 have the area coded to Miami-Dade (12086) for all years. The archive CMF 1999-2003 and later archives CMF releases have the area coded to Miami-Dade (12086) for all years. The CMF 1968-1978, the archive CMF 1999, and the archive CMF 1979-1998 have the area coded to Dade County, FL (12025) for all years.
5. Georgia:
   1. Columbus city and Muscogee county, Georgia
      The independent city Columbus, Georgia does not appear on the CMF. Death counts and population estimates for Columbus city (FIPS code 13510) have been aggregated with those for Muscogee county (FIPS code 13215).
   2. Georgia, unknown county
      For years 1988-1991, an additional county code (FIPS code 13999) was created for an "unknown" county in Georgia. Deaths occurring in Georgia in years 1988-1991 with HIV infection mentioned as the underlying cause of death or one of the multiple causes of death are assigned to this fictitious county when fewer than 3 occurred in the actual county of residence of the decedent. No population estimates are available for FIPS code 13999. The deaths assigned to this FIPS code are included in Georgia state totals.
6. Hawaii: Kalawao, Hawaii
   Kalawao, Hawaii [FIPS code 15005) has data on the CMF beginning in the year 1989. There are no data for the years for years 1979-1988 in the CMF 1979-1998 online database, and no data for the full span of years in the archive 1979-1998 online database. There are no data for the full span of years in the 1969-1978 online database. Death counts and population estimates for Kalawao, Hawaii (FIPS code = 15005) are aggregated with those for Maui county, Hawaii (FIPS code=15009), when data for Kalawao, Hawaii are not available.
7. Louisiana and Orleans and East Baton Rouge parishes after Hurricane Katrina in 2005:
   The July 1st 2005 population estimates for Louisiana do not reflect population changes that occurred after Hurricane Katrina on August 29, 2005. The population of Orleans parish in Louisiana was reduced following Hurricane Katrina; East Baton Rouge parish in Louisiana had an increased population. As a result, 2005 death rates for Orleans parish calculated using the population estimates will be too low; the death rates calculated for East Baton Rouge will be somewhat too high. Death rates for Orleans parish are especially affected.
8. Maryland:  Baltimore city and Baltimore county
   The independent city of Baltimore, Maryland has been treated as a county. Death counts and population estimates are reported separately for Baltimore city (FIPS code 24510) and Baltimore county (FIPS code 24005).
9. Missouri:
   1. St. Genevieve county, Missouri
      In order to achieve alphabetical consistency, the FIPS code for St. Genevieve, Missouri was changed in 1979 from 29193 to 29186. The new code (29186) has been used throughout the CMF.
   2. St. Louis city and St. Louis county, Missouri
      The independent city of St. Louis, Missouri has been treated as a county. Death counts and population estimates are reported separately for St. Louis city (FIPS code 29510) and St. Louis county (FIPS code 29189).
10. Montana:  Yellowstone National Park
    Until November 7, 1997, the Montana portion of Yellowstone Park was not in any county and therefore was treated as a county equivalent (FIPS code 30113). On that date, the Montana portion of Yellowstone Park became part of Gallatin, Montana (FIPS code 30031) and Park, Montana (FIPS code 30067). The number of deaths in Yellowstone Park was so small that this should not create a discontinuity. Data for Yellowstone Park (30113) does not appear after data year 1988 on the CMF 1979-1998. However, Yellowstone Park (30113) data are available for the years 1979-1998 on the Archive CMF 1978-1998. and Yellowstone Park (30113) data are available for the years 1969-1978 in the 1968-1978 CMF. Deaths and population coded as Yellowstone National Park, Montana (FIPS code 30113) in the year 1968 are recoded to Park County, Wyoming (FIPS code 56029).
11. Nevada:  Carson City
    The independent city of Carson City, Nevada (FIPS code 32510) has been treated as a county. Death counts and population estimates are reported for Carson City.
12. New Mexico:  Cibola county and Valencia county
    Valencia county, New Mexico (FIPS code 35061) data are available on the CMF for years 1968 - present. Data for Cibola county, New Mexico (FIPS code 35006) are available in the CMF for years 1989 - present. However, there are discontinuities between 1988 and 1989 in the data reported for Valencia County. These discontinuities occur because part of Valencia County was removed to form Yuma County (in 1981) and this change was implemented in the vital records files and in the CMF beginning in 1989. Hence Valencia shows an abrupt drop in deaths and populations in 1989.
13. New York:  New York City boroughs
    The five boroughs of New York City have been treated as counties and maintained as separate entities on this file.
    

    Borough County FIPS Code Bronx Bronx 36005 Brooklyn Kings 36047 Manhattan New York 36061 Queens Queens 36081 Staten Island   Richmond   36085

14. South Dakota:  Jackson county and Washabaugh county
    In 1979, Washabaugh county, South Dakota (FIPS code 46131) merged with Jackson county, South Dakota (FIPS code 46071). For all years, death counts and population estimates for Washabaugh county have been aggregated with those for Jackson county.
15. South Dakota:  Oglala Lakota county and Shannon county
    Oglala Lakota County, South Dakota (FIPS code 46102) does not appear on the CMF; deaths and population data are available under its former name and FIPS code:  Shannon county, South Dakota (FIPS code 46113).
16. Virginia independent cities: 
    
    1. Alleghany, Virginia
       Alleghany county, Virginia (FIPS code 51005) deaths and populations are available on the CMF for years 1968 - present. Clifton Forge city, Virginia (FIPS code 51560) data are available for years 1968-2000. Beginning with the 2001 data year, Clifton Forge deaths and population estimates are aggregated with those of Alleghany County because this independent city merged with the county in 2001. As a result of this change, there is a discontinuity between 2000 and 2001 in the data reported for Alleghany County.
    2. Bedford City, Virginia
       Bedford city, Virginia (FIPS code 51515) data are available only for years 1979 through 2010 in the Compressed Mortality online databases. For years 1968-1978 and for year 2011 and beyond, death counts and population estimates for Bedford city have been combined with Bedford County (FIPS code 51019). Death counts and population estimates for this entity from multi-year requests, only reflect data from 1979 through 2010; for years 1968-1978 and for year 2011 and beyond they have been set to zero. Bedford City, Virginia (FIPS code 51515), formerly an independent city, merged with Bedford County, Virginia (FIPS code 51019) on July 1, 2013. Beginning in year 2011, this change is effective for deaths and population estimates in the Compressed Mortality data. Deaths and population estimates for Bedford City, Virginia (FIPS code 51515) are only available for the years 1979 -2011. Deaths are population estimates are missing (zero) for Bedford City, Virginia for teh years 1968 -1978 and the year 2011 and later. Bedford County, Virginia (FIPS code 51019) has a discontinuity in the population estimates between years 1978 and 1979 and years 2010 and 2011 due to the change in inclusion of the city population. Prior to December 30, 2015, deaths and population estimates for Bedford City, Virginia (FIPS code 51515) in years 2011 through 2013 were reported in Compressed Mortality. Bedford City reported 94 total deaths in 2011, 92 total deaths in 2012, and 54 total deaths in 2013. Note that deaths are reported separately for Bedford City, Virginia (FIPS code 51515) in years 2011 through 2013 in the Compressed Mortality File research data sets for those years, and in the Detailed Mortality and Multiple Cause of Death online databases.
    3. Clifton Forge city, Virginia
       Clifton Forge city, Virginia (FIPS code 51560) deaths and populations are available on the CMF for years 1968-2000. On July 1, 2001, Clifton Forge city, formerly an independent city, merged with Alleghany county (FIPS code 51005).
    4. Nansemond city, Virginia
       Nansemond city, Virginia (FIPS code 51123) has been part of the independent city of Suffolk, VA (FIPS code 51800) since 1979. For all years, death counts and population estimates for Nansemond have been aggregated with those for Suffolk city.
    5. Halifax, Virginia
       For CMF 1979-1998, there is a discontinuity in the mortality and population data for Halifax, Virginia (FIPS code 51083) between 1988 and 1989. The discontinuity occurs because South Boston city, Virginia (FIPS code 51780) merged with Halifax county. For CMF 1979-1998, beginning in data year 1989, deaths and population counts for South Boston city are reported with those of Halifax county. However, for CMF 1979-1998 Archive data, death counts and population estimates for South Boston city are aggregated with those of Halifax county since 1995.
    6. South Boston city, Virginia
       South Boston city, Virginia (FIPS code 51780) deaths and populations are available on the CMF for years 1968-1988, and available through year 1994 in the archive CMF 1979-1998. Death counts and population estimates for South Boston city are aggregated with those of Halifax county since 1989 in the current release; however South Boston city data are aggregated with Halifax county since 1995 for the archive CMF 1979-1998. On June 30, 1995, South Boston city, Virginia (FIPS code 51780), formerly an independent city, merged with Halifax county (FIPS code 51083).
    7. Table of Virginia independent cities and counties
       The Virginia independent cities are treated as counties and appear on the CMF with the following FIPS codes:

       Independent City County

       Name FIPS code Name FIPS code City Data available *

       Alexandria 51510 Arlington 51013 1968-current Bedford 51515 Bedford 51019 1979-2010 Bristol 51520 Washington 51191 1979-current Buena Vista 51530 Rockbridge 51163 1979-current Charlottesville 51540 Albemarle 51003 1979-current Chesapeake 51550 1968-current Clifton Forge 51560 Alleghany 51005 1979-2000 Colonial Heights51570 Chesterfield 51041 1979-current Covington 51580 Alleghany 51005 1979-current Danville 51590 Pittsylvania 51143 1979-current Emporia 51595 Greensville 51081 1979-current Fairfax 51600 Fairfax 51059 1979-current Falls Church 51610 Fairfax 51059 1979-current Franklin 51620 Southampton 51175 1979-current Fredericksburg 51630 Spotsylvania 51177 1979-current Galax 51640 Grayson 51077 1979-current Hampton 51650 1968-current Harrisonburg 51660 Rockingham 51165 1979-current Hopewell 51670 Prince George 51149 1979-current Lexington 51678 Rockbridge 51163 1979-current Lynchburg 51680 Campbell 51031 1979-current Manassas 51683 Prince William 51153 1979-current Manassas Park 51685 Prince William 51153 1979-current Martinsville 51690 Henry 51089 1979-current Newport News 51700 1968-current Norfolk 51710 1968-current Norton 51720 Wise 51195 1979-current Petersburg 51730 Dinwiddie 51053 1979-current Poquoson 51735 York 51199 1979-current Portsmouth 51740 Norfolk city 51710 1979-current Radford 51750 Montgomery 51121 1979-current Richmond 51760 Henrico 51087 1979-current Roanoke 51770 Roanoke 51161 1979-current Salem 51775 Roanoke 51161 1979-current South Boston * 51780 Halifax 51083 1979-1988, 1979-1994 in Archive Staunton 51790 Augusta 51015 1979-current Suffolk 51800 1968-current Virginia Beach 51810 1968-current Waynesboro 51820 Augusta 51015 1979-current Williamsburg 51830 James City 51095 1979-current Winchester 51840 Frederick 51069 1979-current

       * Note that data discontinuities occur when data are not available for all years.